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Psychological and Physiological Trauma Research
Seize Your Journeys
_______________________ Traumatic stress is found in many competent, healthy, strong, good people. No one can completely protect themselves from traumatic experiences. Many people have long-lasting problems following exposure to trauma. Up to 8% of persons will have PTSD at some time in their lives. People who react to traumas are not going crazy. What is happening to them is part of a set of common symptoms and problems that are connected with being in a traumatic situation, and thus, is a normal reaction to abnormal events and experiences. Having symptoms after a traumatic event is NOT a sign of personal weakness. Given exposure to a trauma that is bad enough, probably all people would develop PTSD. By understanding trauma symptoms better, a person can become less fearful of them and better able to manage them. By recognizing the effects of trauma and knowing more about symptoms, a person will be better able to decide about getting treatment. _______________________
Major Depressive Disorder “Diagnostic Features The essential feature of Major Depressive Disorder is a clinical course that is characterized by one or more Major Depressive Episodes without a history of Manic, Mixed, or Hypomanic Episodes (Criteria A and C). Episodes of Substance-Induced Mood Disorder (due to the direct physiological effects of a drug of abuse, a medication, or toxin exposure) or of Mood Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition do not count toward a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder. In addition, the episodes must not be better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder and are not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (Criterion B). The fourth digit in the diagnostic code for Major Depressive Disorder indicates whether it is a Single Episode (used only for first episodes) or Recurrent. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between a single episode with waxing and waning symptoms and two separate episodes. For purposes of this manual, an episode is considered to have ended when the full criteria for eh Major Depressive Episode have not been met for at least 2 consecutive months. During this 2-month period, there is either complete resolution of symptoms or the presence of depressive symptoms that no longer meet the full criteria for a Major Depressive Episode (In Partial Remission). The fifth digit in the diagnostic code for Major Depressive Disorder indicates the current state of the disturbance. If the criteria for a Major Depressive Disorder are met, the severity of the episode is notes as Mild, Moderate, Severe Without Psychotic Features, or Severe With Psychotic Features. If the criteria for a Major Depressive Episode are not currently met, the fifth digit is used to indicate whether the disorder is In Partial Remission or In Full Remission. If Manic, Mixed, or Hypomanic Episodes develop in the course of Major Depressive Disorder, the diagnosis is changed to a Bipolar Disorder. However, if manic or hypomanic symptoms occur as a direct effect of antidepressant treatment, use of other medications, substance use, or toxin exposure, the diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder remains appropriate and an addition diagnosis of Substance-induced Mood Disorder, With Manic features (or With Mixed Features), should be noted. Similarly, if manic or hypomanic symptoms occur as a direct effect of a general medical condition, the diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder remains appropriate and an additional diagnosis of Mood Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition, With Manic Features (or With Mixed Features), should be noted.” p. 369 “Course Major Depressive Disorder may begin at any age, with an average age at onset in the mid-20s. Epidemiological data suggest that the age at onset is decreasing for those born more recently. The course of Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, is variable. Some people have isolated episodes that are separated by many years without any depressive symptoms, whereas others have clusters of episodes, and still others have increasingly frequent episodes as they grow older. Some evidence suggests that the periods of remission generally last longer early in the course of the disorder. The number of prior episodes predicts the likelihood of developing a subsequent Major Depressive Episode. At least 60% of individuals with Major Depresssive Disorder, Single Episode, can be expected to have a second episode. Individuals who have had tow episodes have a 70% chance of having a third, and individuals who have had three episodes have a 90% chance of having a fourth. About 5%-10% of individuals with Major Depressive Disorder, single Episode, subsequently develop a Manic Episode (i.e., develop Bipolar I Disorder). Major Depressive Episodes may end completely (in about two-thirds of cases), or only partially or not at all (in about one-third of cases). For individuals who have only partial remission, there is a greater likelihood of developing additional episodes and of continuing the pattern of partial interepisode recovery. The longitudinal course specifiers With Full Interepisode Recovery and Without Full Interepisode Recovery may therefore have prognostic value. A number of individuals have pre-existing Dysthymic Disorder prior to the onset of Major Depressive Disorder, single Episode. Some evidence suggests that these individuals are more likely to have additional Major Depressive Episodes, have poorer interepisode recovery, and may require additional acute-phase treatment and a longer period of continuing treatment to attain and maintain a more thorough and longer-lasting euthymic state. Follow-up naturalistic studies suggested that 1 year after the diagnosis of a major Depressive Episode, 40% of individuals still have symptoms that are sufficiently severe to meet criteria for a full Major Depressive Episode, roughly 20% continue to have some symptoms that no longer meet full criteria for a Major Depressive Episode (i.e., major Depressive Disorder, In Partial Remission), and 40% have no Mood Disorder. The severity of the initial Major Depressive Episode appears to predict persistence. Chronic general medical conditions are also a risk factor for more persistent episodes. Episodes of Major Depressive Disorder often follow a severe psychosocial stressor, such as the death of a loved one or divorce. Studies suggest that psychosocial events 9stressors) may play a more significant role in the precipitation of the first or second episodes of Major Depressive Disorder and may play less of a role in the onset of subsequent episodes. Chronic general medical conditions and Substance Dependence (particularly Alcohol or Cocaine Dependence) may contribute to the onset or exacerbation of Major Depressive Disorder. It is difficult to predict whether the first episode of a Major Depressive Disorder in a young person will ultimately evolve into a Bipolar Disorder. Some data suggest that the acute onset of severe depression, especially with psychotic features and psychomotor retardation, in a young person without prepubertal psychopathology is more likely to predict a bipolar disorder. A family history of Bipolar Disorder may also be suggestive of subsequent development of Bipolar Disorder.” p. 372-373 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 2000. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. ________________ DID-PTSD-EMDR Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) "The essential feature of Dissociative identity Disorder is the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states (Criterion A) that recurrently take control of behavior (Criterion B). There is an inability to recall important personal information, the extent of which is too great to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness (Criterion C). The disturbance is not due tot eh direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition (Condition D.). In children, the symptoms cannot be attributed to imaginary playmates or other fantasy play. Dissociative Identity Disorder reflects a failure to integrate various aspects of identity, memory, and consciousness. Each personality state may be experienced as if it has a distinct personal history, self-image, and identity, including a separate name. Usually there is a primary identity that carries the individual's given name and is passive, dependent, guilty, and depressed. The alternate identities frequently have different names and characteristics that contrast with the primary identity (e.g., are hostile, controlling, and self-destructive). Particular identities may emerge in specific circumstances and may differ in reported age and gender, vocabulary, general knowledge, or predominant affect. Alternate identities are experienced as taking control in sequence, ore at the expense of the other, and may deny knowledge of one another, be critical of one another, or appear to be in open conflict. Occasionally, one or more powerful identities allocate time to the others. Aggressive or hostile identities may at times interrupt activities or place the others in uncomfortable situations. Individuals with this disorder experience frequent gaps in memory for personal history, both remote and recent. The amnesia is frequently asymmetrical. The more passive identities tend to have more constricted memories, whereas the more hostile, controlling, or "protector" identities have more complete memories. An identity that is not in control may nonetheless gain access to consciousness by producing auditory or visual hallucinations (e.g., a voice giving instructions). Evidence of amnesia may be uncovered by reports from others who have witnessed behavior that is disavowed by the individual or by the individual's own discoveries (e.g., finding items of clothing at home that the individual cannot remember having bought). There may be loss of memory not only for recurrent periods of time, but also an overall loss of biographical memory for some extended period of childhood, adolescence, or even adulthood. Transitions among identities are often triggered by psychosocial stress. The time required to switch from one identity to another is usually a matter of seconds, but, less frequently, may b gradual. Behavior that may be frequently associated with identity switches include rapid blinking, facial changes, changes in voice or demeanor, or disruption in the individual's train of thoughts. The number of identities reported ranges from 2 to more than 100. Half of reported cases include the individuals with 10 or fewer identities." Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 2000. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. PTSD, DID, and EMDR Posttraumatic Stress Disorder "The essential feature of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder us the development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor involving direct personal experience of an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or other threat to one's physical integrity; or witnessing an event that involves death, injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of another person; or learning about unexpected or violent death, serious harm, or threat of death or injury experienced by a family member or other close associate (Criteria A1). The person's response to the event must involve intense fear, helplessness, or horror (or in children, the response must involve disorganized or agitated behavior) (Criterion A2). The characteristic symptoms resulting from the exposure to the extreme trauma include persistent reexperiencing of the traumatic event (Criterion E), and the disturbance must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (Criterion F). Traumatic events that are experienced directly include, but are not limited to, military combat, violent personal assault (sexual assault, physical attack, robbery, mugging), being kidnapped, being taken hostage, terrorist attack, torture, incarceration as a prisoner of war or in a concentration camp, natural or manmade disasters, severe automobile accidents, or being diagnosed with a life-threatening illness. For children, sexually traumatic events may include developmentally inappropriate sexual experiences without threatened or actual violence or injury. Witnessed events include, but are not limited to, observing the serious injury or unnatural death of another person due to violent assault, accident, war, or disaster or unexpectedly witnessing a dead body or body parts. Events experienced by others that are learned about include, but are not limited to, violent personal assault, serious accident, or serious injury experienced y a family member or a close friend; learning about the sudden, unexpected death of a family member or a close friend; or learning that one's child has a life threatening disease. The disorder may be especially sever or long lasting when the stressor is of human design (e.g., torture, rape). the likelihood of developing this disorder may increase as the intensity of and physical proximity to the stressor increase. The traumatic event can be reexperienced in various ways. Commonly the person has recurrent and intrusive recollections of the event (Criterion B1) or recurrent distressing dreams during which the event can be replayed or otherwise represented (Criterion B2). In rare instances, the person experiences dissociative states that last from a few seconds to several hours, or even days, during which components of the event are relived and the person behaves as though experiencing the event at that moment (Criterion B3). These episodes, often referred to as "flashbacks," are typically brief but can be associated with prolonged distress and heightened arousal. Intense psychological distress (Criterion B4) or physiological reactivity (Criterion B5) often occurs when the person is exposed to triggering events that resemble or symbolize an aspect of the traumatic event (e.g., anniversaries of the traumatic event; cold, snowy weather or uniformed guards for survivors of death camps in cold climates; hot, humid weather for combat veterans of the South Pacific; entering any elevator for an woman who was reaped in an elevator). Stimuli associated with the trauma are persistently avoided. The person commonly makes deliberate efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations about the traumatic event (Criterion C1) and to avoid activities, situations, or people who around recollections of it (Criterion C2). This avoidance of reminders may include amnesia for an important aspect of the traumatic event (Criterion C3). Diminished responsiveness to the external work, referred to as "psychic numbing" or "emotional anesthesia," usually begins soon after the traumatic event. The individual may complain of having markedly diminished interest or participation in previously enjoyed activities (Criterion C4), of feeling detached or estranged from other people (Criterion C5), or of having markedly reduced ability to feel emotions (especially those associated with intimacy, tenderness and sexuality) (Criterion C6). The individual may have a sense of a foreshortened future (e.g., not expecting to have a career, marriage, children, or a normal life span) (Criterion C7). The individual has persistent symptoms of anxiety or increased arousal that were not present before the trauma. these symptoms may include difficulty falling or staying asleep that may be to recurrent nightmares during which the traumatic event is relived (Criterion D1), hypervigilance (Criterion D4), and exaggerated startle response (Criterion D5). Some individuals report irritability or outburst of anger (Criterion D2) or difficulty concentrating or completing tasks (Criterion D3)."
EMDR Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing "Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)1 integrates elements of many effective psychotherapies in structured protocols that are designed to maximize treatment effects. These include psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, interpersonal, experiential, and body-centered therapies2. EMDR is an information processing therapy and uses an eight phase approach. During EMDR1 the client attends to past and present experiences in brief sequential doses while simultaneously focusing on an external stimulus. Then the client is instructed to let new material become the focus of the next set of dual attention. This sequence of dual attention and personal association is repeated many times in the session. Eight Phases of Treatment The first phase is a history taking session during which the therapist assesses the client's readiness for EMDR and develops a treatment plan. Client and therapist identify possible targets for EMDR processing. These include recent distressing events, current situations that elicit emotional disturbance, related historical incidents, and the development of specific skills and behaviors that will be needed by the client in future situations. During the second phase of treatment, the therapist ensures that the client has adequate methods of handling emotional distress and good coping skills, and that the client is in a relatively stable state. If further stabilization is required, or if additional skills are needed, therapy focuses on providing these. The client is then able to use stress reducing techniques whenever necessary, during or between sessions. However, one goal is not to need these techniques once therapy is complete. In phase three through six, a target is identified and processed using EMDR procedures. These involve the client identifying the most vivid visual image related to the memory (if available), a negative belief about self, related emotions and body sensations. The client also identifies a preferred positive belief. The validity of the positive belief is rated, as is the intensity of the negative emotions. After this, the client is instructed to focus on the image, negative thought, and body sensations while simultaneously moving his/her eyes back and forth following the therapist's fingers as they move across his/her field of vision for 20-30 seconds or more, depending upon the need of the client. Athough eye movements are the most commonly used external stimulus, therapists often use auditory tones, tapping, or other types of tactile stimulation. The kind of dual attention and the length of each set is customized to the need of the client. The client is instructed to just notice whatever happens. After this, the clinician instructs the client to let his/her mind go blank and to notice whatever thought, feeling, image, memory, or sensation comes to mind. Depending upon the client's report the clinician will facilitate the next focus of attention. In most cases a client-directed association process is encouraged. This is repeated numerous times throughout the session. If the client becomes distressed or has difficulty with the process, the therapist follows established procedures to help the client resume processing. When the client reports no distress related to the targeted memory, the clinician asks him/her to think of the preferred positive belief that was identified at the beginning of the session, or a better one if it has emerged, and to focus on the incident, while simultaneously engaging in the eye movements. After several sets, clients generally report increased confidence in this positive belief. The therapist checks with the client regarding body sensations. If there are negative sensations, these are processed as above. If there are positive sensations, they are further enhanced. In phase seven, closure, the therapist asks the client to keep a journal during the week to document any related material that may arise and reminds the client of the self-calming activities that were mastered in phase two. The next session begins with phase eight, re-evaluation of the previous work, and of progress since the previous session. EMDR treatment ensures processing of all related historical events, current incidents that elicit distress, and future scenarios that will require different responses. The overall goal is produce the most comprehensive and profound treatment effects in the shortest period of time, while simultaneously maintaining a stable client within a balanced system. After EMDR processing, clients generally report that the emotional distress related to the memory has been eliminated, or greatly decreased, and that they have gained important cognitive insights. Importantly, these emotional and cognitive changes usually result in spontaneous behavioral and personal change, which are further enhanced with standard EMDR procedures." www.emdr.com
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Depression and Major Depression
Major Depression and Spirituality
Title: Social support and spirituality as culturally relevant factors in coping among African American women survivors of partner abuse. Author(s): Fowler, Dawnovise N., University of Texas, Austin School of Social Work, Austin, TX, US
Hill, Hope M., Howard University, Psychology Department, Washington, DC, US Source: Violence Against Women, Vol 10(11), Nov 2004. pp. 1267-1282. Publisher: US: Sage Publications
Publisher URL: http://www.sagepublications.com/ ISSN: 1077-8012 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1177/1077801204269001 Language: English Keywords: African American women; social support; partner abuse survivors; post-traumatic stress disorder; spirituality; coping; mental health; depression; social support; cultural factors; spirituality Abstract: This study examined partner abuse, mental health, and coping in a sample of African American women survivors of partner abuse (N = 126). The mediating effects of social support and spirituality, as culturally relevant factors in coping, on the relationships between partner abuse and both depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were investigated. Findings from hierarchical regression analysis indicated that PTSD symptoms remain significantly related to partner abuse after controlling for the effects of social support and spirituality, findings point to practice and research implications regarding African American women survivors' mental health and ways of coping. _____
Record: 2
Title: The seven beliefs: A step-by-step guide to help Latinas recognize and overcome depression. Author(s): Munoz, Rodrigo Source: Psychiatric Services, Vol 55(6), Jun 2004. pp. 728.
Journal URL: http://psychservices.psychiatryonline.org/ Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn
Publisher URL: http://www.appi.org Reviewed Item: Belisa Lozano-Vranich; Jorge Petit (2003). The seven beliefs: A step-by-step guide to help Latinas recognize and overcome depression; New York, HarperCollins Publishers, 2003, 247 pages, ISSN: 1075-2730 (Print) Language: English Keywords: confronting & overcoming depression; step-by-step guide; Believe in Yourself; Believe in the Signs; health of Body & Spirit; sense of Hispanic cultural Traditions; Latinas Abstract: Reviews the book "The Seven Beliefs: A Stepby- Step Guide to Help Latinas Recognize and Overcome Depression by Belisa Lozano-Vranich, and Jorge Petit (see record 2004-13067-012). After reading this book, many Latinas will accept that depression is common, has symptoms that are readily visible to those who are aware of them, can be diagnosed, and can be successfully treated. The book can be of crucial importance in accepting the diagnosis and in seeking treatment. By alerting Latinas to the emotional factors involved in the process of accepting interventions by mental health professionals, the authors have contributed greatly to the campaign to advance the treatment of depression among Latinas to the level enjoyed by other groups. The book will help not only Latinas: these women are often the health decision makers at home. Their new knowledge will help them direct others to the best possible management of their emotional illnesses. _____
Record: 3
Title: The Seven Beliefs: A Step by Step Guide to Help Latinas Recognize and Overcome Depression. Author(s): Koss-Chioino, Joan D., Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US Source: Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, Vol 192(5), May 2004. pp. 393-394.
Journal URL: http://www.jonmd.com/ Publisher: US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publisher URL: http://www.lww.com/ Reviewed Item: Belisa Lozano-Vranich; Jorge Petit (2003). The Seven Beliefs: A Step by Step Guide to Help Latinas Recognize and Overcome Depression; New York: Rayo/Harper Collins. xvi + 248 pp. ISSN: 0022-3018 (Print) Language: English Keywords: confronting & overcoming depression; step-by-step guide; Believe in Yourself; Believe in the Signs; health of Body & Spirit; sense of Hispanic cultural Traditions; Latinas Abstract: Reviews the book "The seven beliefs: A step-by-step guide to help Latinas recognize and overcome depression," by Belisa Lozano-Vranich, and Jorge Petit (see record 2003-06365-000). The Seven Beliefs is not just another self-help book for depressed women. Its unique quality lies in its focus on Latinas by two experienced clinicians, a psychologist and a medical doctor, who are themselves Latinos. The structure of the book is simple and straightforward: it describes in some detail the seven beliefs and subsets of them to which depressed Latinas can subscribe to remediate their depression. It may be of interest to clinicians who have Latina patients and may be informed by the brief case vignettes and descriptions of Latina life styles. There are two negative aspects to the book that might be mentioned, however. First, it lacks attention to cultural diversity within the broad Latina population in the United States. Second, although many of the authors' recommendations do take culture into account, many of their admonitions are very much like those in other self-help books. Despite these reservations, the authors have produced a book that can be of value for patient education and perhaps prevention of depression in Latinas. _____
Record: 4
Title: Verbal Indicators of Depression in Conversations With Stroke Survivors. Author(s): Robinson-Smith, Gale, Villanova University College of Nursing, Villanova, CA, US, Gale.Robinson-Smith@Villanova.edu Address: Robinson-Smith, Gale, Gale.Robinson-Smith@Villanova.edu Source: Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, Vol 40(2), Apr-Jun 2004. pp. 61-69. Publisher: US: Nursecom
Publisher URL: http://www.nursecominc.com/ ISSN: 0031-5990 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1111/j.1744-6163.2004.00061.x Language: English Keywords: major depression; stroke survivors; patient attitude; verbal indicators Abstract: This secondary analysis study examined patients' comments at 1 and 6 months poststroke when they had scores of ≥16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Stroke survivors' depressive comments were matched with items of two well-established depression instruments. METHODS. A qualitative study using content analysis to analyze the data (N = 7). FINDINGS. Verbal indicators of depression were evident in patients' comments, and depressive themes were identified. Depression instrument items were congruent with minor themes, except for spirituality. CONCLUSIONS. The analysis provides guidance for assessment of stroke survivor depression. It provides direction for designing interventions to decrease depression after stroke. _____
Record: 5
Title: The Seven Beliefs: A Step by Step Guide to Help Latinas Recognize and Overcome Depression. Author(s): Amunátegui, L. Felipe, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, US, felipe.amunategui@uhhs.com Address: Amunátegui, L. Felipe, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Hanna Pavilion, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, US, felipe.amunategui@uhhs.com Source: Counselling Psychology Quarterly, Vol 17(1), Mar 2004. pp. 129-130.
Journal URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/carfax/09515070.html Publisher: United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis
Publisher URL: http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/ Reviewed Item: B. Lozano-Vranich and J. Petit (2003). The Seven Beliefs: A Step by Step Guide to Help Latinas Recognize and Overcome Depression; London: HarperCollins. 272 pp., US ISSN: 0951-5070 (Print)
1469-3674 (Electronic) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1080/09515070410001701450 Language: English Keywords: confronting & overcoming depression; step-by-step guide; Believe in Yourself; Believe in the Signs; health of Body & Spirit; sense of Hispanic cultural Traditions; Latinas Abstract: This reviewed book (see record 2003-06365-000) is intended as an information and intervention guide for Latinas afflicted by depression or concerned about someone that may be afflicted by a depressive disorder. It provides relevant information to the public about mood disorders, their symptoms and treatment. The authors concisely describe depressive disorders and how they manifest in adults, and they do so in a manner that is easy to understand. They provide helpful descriptions of what patients can expect while undergoing psychotherapy and or pharmacotherapy for depressive disorders. Psychosocial stressors associated with depression are covered in detail, and the stressors associated with migration and acculturation are illustrated by case reports from the authors' clinical practice. The information describing depressive disorders, how to manage them, and beneficial lifestyle practices is easy to understand and probably relevant to all individuals concerned by their own depression or by someone else's disorder. _____
Record: 6
Title: The normal and pathological genesis of depression: The "Heart Cry" biblical model of depression revisited. Author(s): Armentrout, David P., In His Image Family Practice Residency, Tulsa, OK, US Address: Armentrout, David P., In His Image Family Practice Residency, 7600 South Lewis, Tulsa, OK, US Source: Journal of Psychology & Christianity, Vol 23(1), Spr 2004. pp. 40-50. Publisher: US: Christian Assn for Psychological Studies
Publisher URL: http://www.caps.net ISSN: 0733-4273 (Print) Language: English Keywords: pathological genesis; negative motivational state; depression; Heart Cry Model Abstract: The Heart Cry Model (HCM) of Depression posits that depression is a normal, negative motivational state with a spiritual base, moving one toward corrective action. This depressive response can be elicited by multiple causative events capable of separating one from God or creating the felt-perception of separation. Once elicited, the depressive response or "Heart Cry" takes one of two tracks, either the God-designed corrective path, or a path of spiraling destruction. A review of depression research relevant to the basic structure of the model, and its spiritual foundation, is presented. The implications of the HCM for both corrective and preventive intervention are discussed. _____
Record: 7
Title: A theistic approach to therapeutic community: Non-naturalism and the Alldredge Academy. Author(s): Slife, Brent D., Dept of Psychology, Brigham Young U, Provo, UT, US
Mitchell, L. Jay, Alldredge Academy, Davis, WV, US
Whoolery, Matthew, Dept of Social Science & Education, Coll of Southern Idaho, Twin Falls, ID, US Address: Slife, Brent D., Dept of Psychology, Brigham Young U, Provo, UT, US Source: Casebook for a spiritual strategy in counseling and psychotherapy. Richards, P. Scott (Ed); Dept of Counseling Psychology & Special Education; Brigham Young U; et al; pp. 35-54. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, 2004. xv, 329 pp. Publisher URL: ISBN: 1-59147-056-0 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: non-naturalistic therapeutic community; Alldredge Academy; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; secondary depression; running away; heavy drug use; misdemeanor convictions; adolescent girl Abstract: (from the chapter) This chapter describes an adolescent girl's therapeutic path through a non-naturalistic therapeutic community. The authors briefly outline the problematic nature of naturalism for theistic therapy. They next compare and contrast five of the major assumptions of naturalism to a non-naturalistic philosophy--one that they believe clears a conceptual space for a true theism to be practiced. To illustrate this non-naturalistic philosophy, they then describe a particular theistic therapeutic community--the Alldredge Academy--and report the 3-month journey in "mountain search and rescue," the "village," and the "school" of a 16-year-old girl with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with secondary depression. The S was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric ward for a series of incidents, including runing away, heavy drug use, and misdemeanor convictions for shoplifting and truancy. Since the Alldredge experience, the client's parents reported that she is doing well in college, with no drug abuse or bouts of serious depression. _____
Record: 8
Title: Integrative spiritually oriented psychotherapy: A case study of spiritual and psychological transformation. Author(s): Sperry, Len, Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Medical Coll of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US Address: Sperry, Len, Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Medical Coll of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US Source: Casebook for a spiritual strategy in counseling and psychotherapy. Richards, P. Scott (Ed); Dept of Counseling Psychology & Special Education; Brigham Young U; et al; pp. 141-152. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, 2004. xv, 329 pp. Publisher URL: ISBN: 1-59147-056-0 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: spiritual & psychological transformation; chronic depression; eating disorder; spiritually oriented psychotherapy; therapist; middle aged female client Abstract: (from the chapter) This chapter describes a case study of spiritual and psychological transformation in a 45-year-old female client by the author, a clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral medicine, who is sensitive to the spiritual dimension. The client was referred for evaluation and treatment of "chronic depression" and had earlier been hospitalized for an eating disorder. Several spiritual disciplines were incorporated into the treatment process. These included prayer (particularly centering prayer and meditation), spiritual journaling, and participation in a healthy religious community. In the year since treatment termination, the client has been stable and without depressive or eating disorder symptoms. The author speculates on this change process and briefly describes his approach to spiritually oriented psychotherapy. _____
Record: 9
Title: A Mormon rational emotive behavior therapist attempts Qur'anic rational emotive behavior therapy. Author(s): Nielsen, Stevan Lars, Brigham Young U, Provo, UT, US Source: Casebook for a spiritual strategy in counseling and psychotherapy. Richards, P. Scott (Ed); Dept of Counseling Psychology & Special Education; Brigham Young U; et al; pp. 213-230. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, 2004. xv, 329 pp. Publisher URL: ISBN: 1-59147-056-0 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: rational emotive behavior therapy; use of Qur'an; posttraumatic stress disorder; major depressive episode; Mormon therapist; Muslim woman Abstract: (from the chapter) This chapter describes using the Qur'an with rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) to treat a 24-year-old Muslim woman. The client described symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder, including fear during a rape, later flashbacks, nightmares, and sudden physiological arousal, as well as symptoms consistent with a major depressive episode. Following 38 treatment sessions using Qur'anic rational emotive behavior therapy, the client reported that she was doing well and was close to finishing her doctorate in biochemistry at Brigham Young University. The relevance of the psychotherapist's theistic stance to the client's outcome is discussed. _____
Record: 10
Title: Growing in love, hope and community: A pilot project to introduce the United States Navy CREDO personal growth retreat program to the Canadian forces. Author(s): Vardy, Gerard F., Regent U., US Source: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities & Social Sciences, Vol 64(7-A), 2004. pp. 2532. Publisher: US: Univ Microfilms International
Publisher URL: http://www.il.proquest.com/umi/ ISSN: 0419-4209 (Print) Order Number: AAI3097400 Language: English Keywords: love; hope; military leadership; personal growth; Chaplain; pastoral care; spirituality; depression; anxiety; holistic health care Abstract: The US Navy Chaplain Religious Enrichment and Development Operation (CREDO) Personal Growth Retreat (PGR) program is a proven United States Navy Chaplain Corps community-based family and personnel support care strategy.1 The current military leadership has announced that the Canadian Forces holistic health care system cannot cope with the spiritual, emotional, marital and personal consequences of meeting domestic and international operational commitments. The Canadian Forces does not offer a strategic level personal growth Chaplain based program to its service members and their families to help them cope with those documented consequences. The author believes that the CREDO PGR concept could be an integral long-term pastoral care strategy for the Canadian Forces. Any support mechanism provided must be long-term. Given present operational and domestic responsibilities, our military members and their families deserve a strategic level model of care that can support them by offering community, hope and trust as they cope with a system where domestic responsibilities come second. My ministry project was a pilot program designed to introduce the US Navy Chaplain Religious Education and Development Operation (CREDO) Personal Growth Retreat (PGR) program to the Canadian Forces. The goal was to offer to our service members and their families a retreat capable of enhancing spiritual and personal growth and to note any changes occurring in the participants. A Canadian 48-hour PGR program was developed and offered to CF personnel and their families and follow up sessions were used to gauge what effect it had on participants. The effectiveness of the pilot 48-hour program was evaluated through the administration of self-assessment surveys, weekend evaluation and verbal responses. The results indicate that negative effects of the military environment can be mitigated by the PGR experience, and the weekend process may reduce levels of depression and anxiety in both service members and their families. 1Roy L. Bebee, Captain. USN, CHC, "CREDO AND THE PGR-A Viable Form of Pastoral Care and Outreach in the USN," diss., Gorden-Conwell Theological Seminary, 1996, x. _____
Record: 11
Title: A study of religiosity and psychological well being among African Americans: Implications for counseling and psychotherapeutic processes. Author(s): Colbert, Linda Kaye, Texas Southern U., US Source: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities & Social Sciences, Vol 64(12-A), 2004. pp. 4354. Publisher: US: Univ Microfilms International
Publisher URL: http://www.il.proquest.com/umi/ ISSN: 0419-4209 (Print) Order Number: AAI3118101 Language: English Keywords: religiosity; psychological well being; counseling; psychotherapeutic processes; depression; coping behavior; self esteem; socio demographic variables; spirituality Abstract: The purpose of this study was threefold. Firstly, this study determined if a relationship exists between religious orientation as a therapy intervention and the degree of depression, coping behavior and self-esteem among African American adults. Secondly, this study examined the relationship and predictive power of selected religious and socio-demographic variables (level of spirituality, number of monthly church services attended, number of mid-week church services attended, denomination conversion, age, gender, marital status, number of children, ethnicity, degree status, and yearly income), and religious orientation as a therapy intervention among African American adults. Finally, this study ascertained the relationship between levels of spirituality, levels of depression, levels of self-esteem, and the types of coping styles among African American adults. A correlational research design was used in this study to collect and analyze the data. Additionally, the data were tested through the application of the Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Standard Multiple Regression Procedure and the Chi-Square of Independence. Three hundred fifteen (315) African American adults were randomly selected to participate in this empirical study. When the Pearson Product Moment Correlation was computed for the relationship between spirituality and religious orientation as a therapy intervention, a significant relationship was not found. Additionally, no statistically significant relationship was found to exist between the psychological variables and the degree of religiosity. Moreover, the Multiple Regression Analysis found no significant linear relationship between religious orientation and the demographic variables. However, age had a significant independent effect on intrinsic religiosity and extrinsic religiosity. A linear relationship was found between extrinsic religiosity and the seven demographic predictor variables at the .05 level of significance. Likewise, the variables marital status and income had a significant independent effect on the total degree of religiosity. However, the Chi-Square analysis found no significant relationship between levels of spirituality and the psychological variables. _____
Record: 12
Title: Treating major depressive disorder with a holistic and integrative approach. Author(s): Borden, Constance R., Regent U., US Source: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, Vol 65(1-B), 2004. pp. 428. Publisher: US: Univ Microfilms International
Publisher URL: http://www.il.proquest.com/umi/ ISSN: 0419-4217 (Print) Order Number: AAI3120702 Language: English Keywords: major depressive disorder; psychotherapy; spirituality Abstract: American culture has revealed an increase in religion. Therefore, clients may have a desire to incorporate religious worldviews into therapy. Consequently, the integration of psychology and religion for clinical application is important. Clinical integration can include aspects such as spiritual beliefs, assessments, techniques, and values into the process of psychotherapy, causing a changed perspective in the way the client is understood and treated. Christian psychologists approaching therapy holistically can incorporate Christian principles into treatment, addressing the fact that the client is created by God with a biological, psychological, and spiritual nature. This type of therapy can provide guidance for integrating a theistic, spiritual strategy into mainstream psychology and psychotherapy, affecting both the course and outcome of treatment. This dissertation is the theoretical study of archival data about a Christian client who was diagnosed with major depressive disorder and for which an integrative and holistic approach for therapy was utilized. _____
Record: 13
Title: Spirituality, health, and depression in international relief and development workers. Author(s): Hung, Barron K., Fuller Theological Seminary, School Of Psychology, US Source: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, Vol 65(1-B), 2004. pp. 439. Publisher: US: Univ Microfilms International
Publisher URL: http://www.il.proquest.com/umi/ ISSN: 0419-4217 (Print) Order Number: AAI3118208 Language: English Keywords: spirituality; health status; depression; international development workers; mental health problems; social support Abstract: An increasing number of studies have found spirituality to be a protective factor against physical and mental health problems. One population at risk for developing mental health problems is international relief and development (IRD) workers who are exposed to a significant amount of human suffering and tragedy. In this present study, 111 IRD personnel completed surveys via telephone interviews in order to investigate the contribution of spirituality to health-related outcomes. It hypothesized that spirituality, measured by the Spiritual Transcendence Index, would be positively associated with subjective physical health and negatively associated with depression. Also, it was expected that the contribution of spirituality to subjective health and depression would be partially mediated by social support, measured by the Social Provisions Scale. Zero-order correlations indicated that spirituality had a positive relationship with subjective health and a negative relationship with depression. After controlling for demographic factors and for social support, spirituality remained significantly correlated with subjective health, but not with depression. Although the social support was significantly related to depression, it was not related to subjective health or spirituality. _____
Record: 14
Title: The moderating effect of spirituality on the relationship between stressful life events and depression and anxiety among adolescents. Author(s): Clark, Nekedria L., Pace U., US Source: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, Vol 64(12-B), 2004. pp. 6354. Publisher: US: Univ Microfilms International
Publisher URL: http://www.il.proquest.com/umi/ ISSN: 0419-4217 (Print) Order Number: AAI3115005 Language: English Keywords: life events; spirituality; depression; anxiety; developmental psychology; psychological adjustment; happiness; health; life satisfaction Abstract: Research in the area of developmental psychology has shown that adolescence is the period of the life span during which individuals attempt to solidify their identities. One aspect of this process is developing a system of beliefs and values by which a person can live. The system of values may include spiritual beliefs, which are often subject to intense evaluation during adolescence. Once the adolescent has chosen his or her spiritual "creed" he or she has to determine the role in which it will play in his or her life. Studies have shown that spirituality plays an important role in the lives of adults. Research with adult samples has shown positive correlations between spirituality and psychological adjustment, happiness, health and life satisfaction. A 2000 study by Young et al. found that spirituality acted as a moderator between life stressors and the psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression. Although they report a very similar value for spirituality in their lives, this type of research with adolescent populations is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether spirituality would moderate the effect of life stressors on anxiety and depression. The study sought to replicate the results of Young et al. with an adolescent rather than adult population. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents ranging in age from 14 to 17 years and in the 9th through 12th grades. The participants were asked to complete the Adolescent Perceived Events Scale (APES), Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale (SIBS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results revealed a positive correlation between life stressors and levels of anxiety, and a negative correlation between the mean impact of life stressors and depression. Spirituality negatively correlated with depression and anxiety, and it significantly predicted levels of anxiety and depression above life stressors. The moderation effect found in the Young et aL study was not replicated in this study. Current results showed that with an increase in spirituality the relationship between life stressors and anxiety became positive and gained strength. Differences between adolescent and adult manifestations of anxiety, as well as the adolescent's need to understand and assimilate important life events into his or her newfound belief system are proposed as possible explanations for the pattern of the results obtained in the study. _____
Record: 15
Title: If I were a rich man. Author(s): Friedman, Howard S., University of California University of California, Department of Psychology, Riverside, CA, US, howard.friedman@uct.edu Address: Friedman, Howard S., Department of Psychology, U California, 2640 Life Sciences Psychology, Riverside, CA, US, howard.friedman@uct.edu Source: PsycCRITIQUES, 2004. pp. [np]. Publisher: US: American Psychological Assn
Publisher URL: http://www.apa.org Reviewed Item: David G. Myers (2000). The American Paradox: Spiritual Hunger in an Age of Plenty; Yale University Press; New Haven, CT; 414 pp. ISBN 0-300-08111-1; Language: English Keywords: psychological depression; sociopolitical analysis; marital conflict; American paradox; sexual diseases; sexual partners; spirituality; divorce Abstract: Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 2002, Vol 47(1), 5-7. Americans enter the 21st century with pockets full of silver, and a societel wealth unimaginable in other times or other places. Are we better off than we were? The author answers: materially yes, morally no. Therein lies the American paradox. Myers assembles a startling number of intriguing sides to this paradox of material abundance, social recession, and psychological depression. This book (see record 200007481-000) bewalls the epidemics of divorce, suicide, depression, and crime, and it laments the nonmarital births, the abuse, the teenage shooters, and the poverty of the spirit. It does so in part through solid facts and fascinating statistics, from the increases in house sizes and cruise ships to the decreases in happiness and community. People have more sexual partners and sexual diseases, more divorces yet more marital conflict, and more gadgets and more therapists. The reviewer contends that this book says things that need to be said, and it marshalls evidence from an impressive array of sources. This book is ultimately a moral and sociopolitical analysis of the type that scientific psychologists are generally unwilling to make (at least in public). _____
Record: 16
Title: Minding the heart: Cognitive science and process spirituality. Author(s): Mahoney, Michael, Department of Psychology, University of Northern Texas, Denton, TX, US, mahoneym@unt.edu Address: Mahoney, Michael, Department of Psychology, University of Northern Texas, Box 311280, Denton, TX, US, mahoneym@unt.edu Source: PsycCRITIQUES, 2004. pp. [np]. Publisher: US: American Psychological Assn
Publisher URL: http://www.apa.org Reviewed Item: Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams, and John D. Teasdale (2002). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression; New York: Guilford Press. 352 pp. ISBN 1-57230-706-4. Language: English Keywords: cognitive therapy; depression; spirituality Abstract: Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 2003, Vol 48(6), 745-748. The thesis of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression (see record 2001-05895-000) is that the content of depressive thinking is less important than is the person's overall relationship with his or her thinking, feeling, and attention. This is a courageous book and the kind psychology needs. This story of successful cognitive therapy is written with honesty and humility. It talks openly about the quest to serve. It describes missed takes (a different species from mistakes). And it comes back, again and again, to compassion and courage. _____
Record: 17
Title: The impact of religious practice and religious coping on geriatric depression. Author(s): Bosworth, Hayden B., Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham, NC, US, hayden.bosworth@duke.edu
Park, Kwang-Soo, Marshall University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Huntington, WV, US
McQuoid, Douglas R., Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, US
Hays, Judith C., Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, US
Steffens, David C., Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, US Address: Bosworth, Hayden B., Durham VAMC (152), 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, US, hayden.bosworth@duke.edu Source: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Vol 18(10), Oct 2003. pp. 905-914.
Journal URL: http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0885-6230/ Publisher: US: John Wiley & Sons
Publisher URL: http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/ ISSN: 0885-6230 (Print)
1099-1166 (Electronic) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1002/gps.945 Language: English Keywords: religious practice; religious coping; geriatric depression; social support Abstract: Both religiousness and social support have been shown to influence depression outcome, yet some researchers have theorized that religiousness largely reflects social support. We set out to determine the relationship of religiousness with depression outcome after considering clinical factors. 114 elderly patients (n=114) were examined. Patients completed measures of public and religious practice, a modified version of Pargament's RCOPE to measure religious coping, and subjective and instrument social support measures. A geriatric psychiatrist completed the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) at baseline and six months. Both positive and negative religious coping were related to MADRS scores in treated individuals, and positive coping was related to MADRS six months later, independent of social support measures, demographic, and clinical measures. Public religious practice, but not private religious practice was independently related to MADRS scores at the time of completion of the religiousness measures. Religious coping was related to social support, but was independently related to depression outcome. Clinicians caring for older depressives should consider inquiring about spirituality and religious coping as a way of improving depressive outcomes. _____
Record: 18
Title: Spiritual wellbeing and care of terminally ill patients. Author(s): Steger, Bernhard, csab8199@uibk.ac.at Address: Steger, Bernhard, School of Medicine, Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria, csab8199@uibk.ac.at
Source: Lancet, Vol 362(9381), Aug 2003. pp. 408.
Journal URL: http://www.thelancet.com/ Publisher: United Kingdom: Lancet
Publisher URL: http://www.thelancet.com/ ISSN: 0140-6736 (Print) Language: English Keywords: attitudes toward hastened death; depression; suicidal ideation; spiritual well-being; hopelessness; terminal cancer patients; palliative care patients; despair; medical school education Abstract: Comments on an article by McClain et al (see record 2003-05092-002) on the relation between spiritual well-being, depression, and end-of-life despair in terminally-ill cancer patients. The current author suggests that medical students be trained to incorporate their patients' psychological or spiritual needs into their programme of care. _____
Record: 19
Title: Religiousness and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Author(s): Pearce, Michelle J., Yale U, New Haven, CT, US, Michelle.Pearce@Yale.edu
Little, Todd D., U Kansas, Lawrence, KS, US, Yhat@KU.edu
Perez, John E., Yale U, New Haven, CT, US Address: Pearce, Michelle J., Yale U, Dept of Psychology, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT, US, Michelle.Pearce@Yale.edu Source: Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, Vol 32(2), Jun 2003. pp. 267-276.
Journal URL: https://www.erlbaum.com/shop/tek9.asp?pg=products&specific=1537-4416 Publisher: US: Lawrence Erlbaum
Publisher URL: http://www.erlbaum.com/ ISSN: 1537-4416 (Print)
1532-7639 (Electronic) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3202_12 Language: English Keywords: depressive symptoms; religiousness; adolescents Abstract: Examined the relations between depressive symptoms and (a) 3 standard indicators of religiousness and (b) a potentially more age-specific indicator in a sample of 744 adolescents (M age=13.06 years, SD=0.45). Adolescents completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality. Results indicate that several dimensions of religiousness are associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms (i.e., attendance, self-ranking, and positive interpersonal religious experience), whereas negative interpersonal religious experience was associated with higher levels. These relations were not moderated by sex or ethnicity. Interpersonal religious experience had a stronger relation with depressive symptoms than did the standard dimensions of religiousness. The importance of social support during adolescence and future directions for this relatively new area of research are discussed. _____
Record: 20
Title: Effect of spiritual well-being on end-of-life despair in terminally-ill cancer patients. Author(s): McClain, Colleen S., Fordham U, Bronx, NY, US
Rosenfeld, Barry, Fordham U, Bronx, NY, US, rosenfeld@fordham.edu
Breitbart, William, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY, US Address: Rosenfeld, Barry, Dept of Psychology, Fordham U, 441 East Fordham Rd, Bronx, NY, US, rosenfeld@fordham.edu Source: Lancet, Vol 361(9369), May 2003. pp. 1603-1607.
Journal URL: http://www.thelancet.com/ Publisher: United Kingdom: Lancet
Publisher URL: http://www.thelancet.com/ ISSN: 0140-6736 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13310-7 Language: English Keywords: attitudes toward hastened death; depression; suicidal ideation; spiritual well-being; hopelessness; terminal cancer patients; palliative care patients; despair Abstract: We aimed to assess the relation between spiritual well-being, depression, and end-of-life despair in terminally-ill cancer patients. 160 patients in a palliative care hospital with a life expectancy of less than 3 months were interviewed with a series of standardised instruments, including the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy--Spiritual Well-being Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRDS), the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death. Suicidal ideation was based on responses to the HRDS. Significant correlations were seen between spiritual well-being and desire for hastened death, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation. Results of multiple regression analyses showed that spiritual well-being was the strongest predictor of each outcome variable and provided a unique significant contribution beyond that of depression and relevant covariates. Additionally, depression was highly correlated with desire for hastened death in participants low in spiritual well-being but not in those high in spiritual well-being. It is concluded that spiritual well-being offers some protection against end-of-life despair in those for whom death is imminent. _____
Record: 21
Title: Mediational models of spirituality and depressive symptomatology among HIV-positive Puerto Rican women. Author(s): Simoni, Jane M., U Washington, Dept of Psychology, Seattle, WA, US, jsimoni@u.washington.edu
Ortiz, Mayra Z., Yeshiva U, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, New York, NY, US Address: Simoni, Jane M., U Washington, Dept of Psychology, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, US, jsimoni@u.washington.edu Source: Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, Vol 9(1), Feb 2003. pp. 3-15.
Journal URL: http://www.apa.org/journals/cdp.html Publisher: US: Educational Publishing Foundation
Publisher URL: http://www.apa.org ISSN: 1099-9809 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1037//1099-9809.9.1.3 Language: English Keywords: spirituality; depressive symptomatology; HIV positive Puetero Rican women; mediational models; mastery; self-esteem Abstract: A survey of 142 Puerto Rican women living with HIV/AIDS in New York City revealed high Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scores, with 66% of the sample scoring above the conventional threshold of possible clinical depression. Most respondents (71%) were Catholic, 29% considered themselves members of a church or other place of worship, and 30% reported attending religious services 1-3 times a month. As predicted, spirituality was high and negatively associated with CES-D scores. A series of simultaneous multiple regression analyses controlling for all potentially confounding medical and sociodemographic variables demonstrated that both mastery and self-esteem scores mediated this relationship. Implications for future research and the provision of services to HIV-positive Puerto Rican women are discussed. _____
Record: 22
Title: Aging women and depression. Author(s): Gatz, Margaret, U Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US, gatz@usc.edu
Fiske, Amy, U Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US Address: Gatz, Margaret, U Southern California, Dept of Psychology, Seeley G. Mudd Building, Room 520, 3620 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, US, gatz@usc.edu Source: Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, Vol 34(1), Feb 2003. pp. 3-9.
Journal URL: http://www.apa.org/journals/pro.html Publisher: US: American Psychological Assn
Publisher URL: http://www.apa.org ISSN: 0735-7028 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1037//0735-7028.34.1.3 Language: English Keywords: psychotherapeutic approaches; social inequalities; suicidal behavior; aging women; depression; age of onset; symptom profiles; risk factors; spirituality Abstract: Practicing psychologists will increasingly have the opportunity to include older women with depression among their clients. Research on depression in older women is summarized, including rates of disorder, age of onset, symptom profiles, suicidal behavior, risk factors for depression such as physical health and social inequalities, and protective factors such as spirituality. The empirical literature about treatment of depression in older adults is presented, with special attention to psychotherapeutic approaches. Ways in which information can help mold effective service provision are enumerated. _____
Record: 23
Title: Adaptive coping strategies of othermothers: An examination of social support, spirituality, stress and depression. Author(s): Smith, Pamela L., U Maryland, Baltimore, US Source: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities & Social Sciences, Vol 64(3-A), 2003. pp. 1081. Publisher: US: Univ Microfilms International
Publisher URL: http://www.il.proquest.com/umi/ ISSN: 0419-4209 (Print) Order Number: AAI3083297 Language: English Keywords: depressive symptomatology; social support; African American women; coping strategies; psychological adjustment; psychological distress; child welfare; othermothers Abstract: Over the past decade, the public child welfare system has increasingly relied upon female African American caregivers to provide out-of-home placements for relative children removed from their homes because of child maltreatment. African American women who care for relative children are also known as "Othermothers" (Troester, 1984) and a growing body of research reveals that this population is at risk for psychological distress, particularly depression. Depressed Othermothers can pose a serious public health concern for women and children in state care. African American women often use social support and spirituality to foster emotional resilience. Drawing upon concepts of the Transactional Stress-Coping Model and the Africentric Paradigm, this study examined the role social support and spirituality played in mediating or moderating the relationship between caregiver stress and depressive symptomatology. Data from an on-going Title IV-E federal demonstration project on families in Maryland's foster care system were analyzed. The sample included 116 African American Othermothers. A Social Embeddedness/Sense of Community scale and Density of Support scale measured social support; the Short Form of the Brief RCOPE, Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale and Organizational Religiousness Items measured spirituality; a Cumulative Stress Index measured caregiver stressors; the CES-D measured depressive symptomatology. Twenty-seven percent of the Othermothers had a positive screening for depression. Increased caregiver stress was associated with increased levels of depressive symptomatology (r = .373, p < .0005). Spirituality in the form of negative spiritual coping strategies and church attendance partially mediated the relationship between caregiver stress and depressive symptomatology. Lower levels of church attendance and neighborhood involvement were associated with elevated levels of depressive symptomatology (p < .10). This research suggests that spirituality and neighborhood factors play important roles in the psychological adjustment of African American Other-mothers. Maternal and child health, social work education, as well as child welfare implications are reviewed for African American caregivers and families in foster care. _____
Record: 24
Title: Religiosity and other selected variables as predictors of current and retrospective depression scores. Author(s): Whitcomb, Jennifer Fleming, U Alabama, US Source: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities & Social Sciences, Vol 63(10-A), 2003. pp. 3488. Publisher: US: Univ Microfilms International
Publisher URL: http://www.il.proquest.com/umi/ ISSN: 0419-4209 (Print) Order Number: AAI3067312 Language: English Keywords: depression; religiosity; mental health Abstract: The treatment of depression is expanding within the mental health field, with increasing numbers of clinicians operating from a holistic model. Therapists attempt to include various treatment modalities in their repertoire so as to adapt and adjust to different patients' needs. The holistic model recognizes spirituality as a contributor to psychological wellbeing. In terms of research, contradictory findings regarding the role of religiosity in depression have created the need for additional examination of these constructs. This study examined whether religiosity and other selected variables were predictive of depression among persons who had been treated for depression. Depression and religiosity were measured currently and retrospective to the time that treatment for depression was initiated. Fifty individuals who were former outpatient clients at a private mental health practice were the sample. An ex post facto, correlational design was used. Participants completed the Religiosity and Depression Scale, which measures religiosity and depression both currently and retrospectively. The data were analyzed using backward regression analysis. Lower levels of religiosity were predictive of lower levels of depression, both currently and retroactively. While most of the literature described religiosity as a contributor to positive mental health, this finding supported the few studies that have found religiosity to have a negative impact on mental health. Higher levels of current participation in religious activities were predictive of lower current levels of depression. This finding supported the literature describing participation in religious activities as enhancing to mental health. While seemingly contradictory, the findings were supported in the literature suggesting that participation in religious activities is separate from having an internalized religious belief system. _____
Record: 25
Title: Differential coping strategies, anxiety, depression, and symptomatology among african-american women with hiv/aids. Author(s): Arrindell, Janis Marie, Howard U., US Source: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, Vol 64(3-B), 2003. pp. 1481. Publisher: US: Univ Microfilms International
Publisher URL: http://www.il.proquest.com/umi/ ISSN: 0419-4217 (Print) Order Number: AAI3085404 Language: English Keywords: coping strategies; anxiety; depression; symptomatology; African-American women; HIV infection; AIDS; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Abstract: The experience of being diagnosed with HIV infection of AIDS is extremely stressful. Individuals who are HIV infected are often obsessed with concern about developing AIDS. The uncertainty of the outcome can lead to anxiety. This study examined the relationship between coping strategies and psychological distress among a selected sample of 30 African American women with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) at an outpatient clinic located in a Mid-Atlantic teaching hospital. This research examined the general hypothesis that ways of coping with stress affect psychological distress. In addition, perceived social support, age, and symptomatology were also examined in relation to psychological distress and coping. Five measures were utilized to ascertain the results in this investigation. These measures included the following: (a) the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOC) that assessed coping strategies; (b) the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) assessed anxiety and depression; and the (c) Beck Depression Inventory assessed depression (d) Social Support Behavior Scale (SSB) assessed perceived social support in areas of emotional, socializing, practical assistance, financial assistance and advice/guidance (e) General Questionnaire (GQ) assessed background data, demographic variables, HIV status and symptomatology. The results indicated that the majority of the women utilized Emotion-Focused Coping Strategy and expressed that spirituality kept them going from day to day. A two-way ANOVA found no main effects for coping strategies on psychological distress. Chi-square demonstrated that there was no significant relationship between coping strategies and perceived levels of social support. While there was no significant difference between the two age groups in the coping strategies, there was found to be an association between age and anxiety. Age was inversely related to anxiety. There was no significant difference between symptomatology and coping strategies. There was an inverse relationship between psychological distress and social support. There was a positive correlation between financial assistance of family and financial assistance of friends. There was no association between psychological distress and coping strategies. However, there was a relationship between anxiety and symptomatology. Those who were asymptomatic demonstrated low levels of anxiety. The results of this study indicate future research is needed with this population. Interventions need to include services to HIV-positive women and their families that understands the association of social support provided by family members and the individual's mental health. Women seeking counseling need to be encouraged to re-establish, solidify and maintain familial relationships. In situations in which this is not possible a substitution should be explored. These substitutions may include community and spiritual organizations. Home based counseling may be explored due to the limited resources. _____
Record: 26
Title: Pentecostal beliefs concerning the causes and treatments of depression. Author(s): Trice, Pamela Diane, Fuller Theological Seminary, School Of Psychology, US Source: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, Vol 64(3-B), 2003. pp. 1510. Publisher: US: Univ Microfilms International
Publisher URL: http://www.il.proquest.com/umi/ ISSN: 0419-4217 (Print) Order Number: AAI3085524 Language: English Keywords: effective treatments; social support; Pentecostals beliefs; depression Abstract: The new APA guidelines (2002) acknowledge the necessity of assessing individuals within the context of their culture, respecting indigenous beliefs including those involving religion and spirituality. This study attempted to ascertain the beliefs of a Pentecostal college student sample ( N = 230) regarding causes and treatments for depression. Results suggest that Pentecostals endorse a variety of causal factors of depression (loss of control, death, victimization, finances, social-relational conflicts, biology, and lack of faith). Surprisingly, lack of faith as a cause of depression was least endorsed. However, Pentecostals in this sample did endorse faith practices as the most effective treatments for depression (including Bible reading and memorization, confession of sin, fasting, individual prayer, prayer with laying on of hands, and deliverance/exorcism) over all other treatments (rest, social support, health, psychology, and neuropsychology). It is of interest to note that the more orthodox individuals were in their Christian beliefs (CO Scale), the less depression they reported. Nonetheless, the depression score (CESD) for this sample (M = 15.96, SD = 9.21) was elevated compared to previously published norms for the general population. Reporting of personal experience with depression in this sample correlated with endorsement of psychology and social support as effective treatments. The results of this study are able to inform the design of religiously sensitive treatment options for future utilization by the Pentecostal population. _____
Record: 27
Title: Empowerment Plus®: A "wholistic" approach to cost-effective psychological service delivery in the area of AD/HD. Author(s): Scholten, Teeya Source: Effective consultation in school psychology (2nd rev. & exp ed.). Cole, Ester (Ed); Siegel, Jane A. (Ed); pp. 185-221. Ashland, OH, US: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 2003. xvi, 507 pp. Publisher URL: ISBN: 0-88937-252-7 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: Empowerment Plus; model; cost-effective psychological service delivery; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; mind; body; spirit; wholistic approach; learning disabilities; behavior; depression Abstract: (from the chapter) The Empowerment Plus® model is a three-phase method of psychological service delivery that has been developed by the present author. It is based on a "wholistic" approach (i.e., mind, body, spirit) to personal empowerment. It incorporates aspects of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and can be used by a psychologist practicing within or outside of a school system. It has been shown to be cost-effective in addressing concerns in the areas of attention (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), learning (learning disabilities), behavior, and depression. Application of the Empowerment Plus® model will be illustrated in this article in relation to the identification and treatment of school-age children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Specific aspects of the model will be described in sections of the chapter and illustrated in detail by two case vignettes at the end of the chapter. _____
Record: 28
Title: Management of maladjustment: A study on reciters and non-reciters of the Bhagavad Gita. Author(s): Anjana, R., Dept of Psychology, U Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
Raju, S., Dept of Psychology, U Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India Address: Anjana, R., Dept of Psychology, U Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India, 695 581 Source: Journal of Indian Psychology, Vol 21(1), Jan 2003. pp. 21-27. Publisher: India: Inst for Yoga & Consciousness
Publisher URL: http://www.vizaginfo.com/others/edu/whoswhoau.asp ISSN: 0972-5431 (Print) Language: English Keywords: Bhagavad Gita; reciters; management of adjustment problems; maladjustment; depression; mania; inferiority; paranoia; spiritualism Abstract: The study aims at finding the difference between reciters and non-reciters of Bhagavad Gita along certain selected maladjustment variables (anxiety, depression, mania, inferiority and paranoia). Spiritualism is also examined. The sample consists of reciters (n=31) and non-reciters (n=31) of Bhagavad Gita. A t-test is used for analysis of data. The results show that there is a significant difference between the two groups in their scores on maladjustment variables. It is also evidenced that the reciters are more effective in the management of adjustment problems than non-reciters. _____
Record: 29
Title: Effects of Religiosity and Spirituality on Depressive Symptoms and Prosocial Behaviors. Author(s): Bonner, Karri, Life Span Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, US, kbonner8@hotmail.com
Koven, Lesley P., Adult Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, US
Patrick, Julie Hicks, Life Span Development, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, US Address: Bonner, Karri, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6040, Morgantown, WV, US, kbonner8@hotmail.com Source: Journal of Religious Gerontology, Vol 14(2-3), 2003. Special issue: New Directions in the Study of Late Life Religiousness and Spirituality: Parts II and III. pp. 189-205.
Journal URL: http://www.haworthpressinc.com/store/product.asp?sku=J078 Publisher: US: Haworth Press
Publisher URL: http://www.haworthpress.com ISSN: 1050-2289 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1300/J078v14n02_07 Language: English Keywords: nonorganizational religiosity; organizational religiosity; depressive symptoms; prosocial behaviors; spirituality Abstract: Evidence demonstrates salubrious effects of religious participation on health-related outcomes. Results from studies relating its effects to psychosocial outcomes have been equivocal. However, many psychosocial outcomes have not been examined. The current study sought to address these limitations by testing the degree to which religious behaviors and subjective spirituality are associated with depressive symptoms and prosocial behaviors. Data from 68 older adults were used to test two linear regression models in which public religious behaviors, private religious behaviors, and subjective spirituality were used to predict depressive symptoms and prosocial behavior. This set of regressors accounted for significant amounts of variance in both outcomes, although a divergent pattern of prediction emerged. More public religious behaviors and fewer private religious behaviors were associated with lower levels of depressive affect, whereas higher reports of subjective spirituality were associated with increased prosocial behavior. The need to broaden the investigation of the effects of religiosity to include more specific predictors and an inclusion of psychosocial outcomes are both discussed. _____
Record: 30
Title: Examining the effects of meditation techniques on psychosocial functioning. Author(s): Wolf, David B., State of Florida Dept of Health, FL, US, dgovinda@aol.com
Abell, Neil, Florida State U, Tallahassee, FL, US Address: Wolf, David B., 17303 N.W. 112th Boulevard, Alachua, FL, US, dgovinda@aol.com Source: Research on Social Work Practice, Vol 13(1), Jan 2003. pp. 27-42. Publisher: US: Sage Publications
Publisher URL: http://www.sagepublications.com/ ISSN: 1049-7315 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1177/104973102237471 Language: English Keywords: meditation techniques; psychosocial functioning; maha mantra; gunas; sattva; rajas; tamas; stress; depression; spirituality; social work; Vedas Abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of chanting the maha mantra on stress, depression, and the 3 gunas--sattva (enlightenment), rajas (passion), and tamas (inertia)--described in the Vedas as the basis of human psychology. Primary hypotheses of the study were that the maha mantra group would increase sattva and decrease stress, depression, rajas, and tamas significantly more than the other groups. 61 participants (aged 18-49 yrs) were tested at pretest, posttest. and follow-up, with testing times separated by 4 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to a maha mantra group, an alternate mantra (placebo) group, and a control group. MANOVA results supported these hypotheses from pretest to posttest at p < .05 for all dependent variables except rajas. The authors suggest that the maha mantra has potential in addressing problems related to stress and depression and that it be considered as one possible component of a spiritual approach to social work practice. _____
Record: 31
Title: Religiositeit en depressie bij ouderen: Een overzicht van recent empirisch onderzoek. Translated Title: Religiosity and depression in later life: A review of recent epidemiological research. Author(s): Braam, A. W., Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), Instituut voor Extramurale Geneeskundig Onderzoek (EMGO), Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, a.braam.emgo@med.vu.nl
Beekman, A. T. F., Vakgroep Psychiatric, Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
van Tilburg, W., Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Address: Braam, A. W., EMGO instituut/Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechotststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands, a.braam.emgo@med.vu.nl Source: Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, Vol 45(8), 2003. pp. 495-505. Publisher: Netherlands: Uitgeverij Boom
Publisher URL: http://www.uitgeverijboom.nl/ ISSN: 0303-7339 (Print) Language: Dutch Keywords: religiosity; religious beliefs; religious practices; depression; coping mechanism; elderly Abstract: BACKGROUND In psychiatric epidemiology and gerontology it is frequently reported that religious beliefs and the practice of religion protect the elderly from depression. AIM To investigate whether certain aspects of religious belief and practice of religiosity are associated with depression and whether explanatory factors such as coping mechanisms can be identified. METHOD A Medline literature search was performed for the period 1997-2002, using as key words religion/religious/religiosity/spirituality, in combination with aging/elderly/old/late-life and depressive/depression/mental-health. RESULTS In cross-sectional studies church-attendance is consistently associated with lower levels of depression. On the other hand, religiosity in the form of negative, religious emotions (e.g., anger) and negative religious coping strategies (e.g., expectation of punishment) is associated with higher levels of depression. Persons to whom religion is important in everyday life are more likely to recover from depression. So far, there is little empirical support for explanatory or mediating factors. CONCLUSION Religiosity can incorporate risk-factors, but more often than not belief in it generates a potential for hope or a propensity for adaptation in later life. _____
Record: 32
Title: The seven beliefs: A step-by-step guide to help Latinas recognize and overcome depression. Author(s): Lozano-Vranich, Belisa, Private practice, New York, NY, US
Petit, Jorge, Mount Sinai Medical Ctr, New York, NY, US Source: New York, NY,: Rayo, 2003. xvi, 248 pp. ISBN: 0-06-001265-X (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: confronting & overcoming depression; step-by-step guide; Believe in Yourself; Believe in the Signs; health of Body & Spirit; sense of Hispanic cultural Traditions; Latinas Abstract: (from the cover) This book shows Latinas that confronting and overcoming depression is possible if they look at each aspect of their lives, step-by-step. It begins with a call to Believe in Yourself, which lays the groundwork for all the other beliefs. Readers are subsequently asked to Believe in the Signs, helping to clarify the difference between feeling the sad aftereffects of a hard day and standing at the edge of the emotional abyss generally associated with clinical depression. Readers are also shown that they must believe in the health of their Body and Spirit, and that a strongly rooted sense of Hispanic cultural Traditions can often act as a built-in support system, innate and enduring. In a friendly, easy-to-read format that combines medical guidance with traditional wisdom, this book encourages Latinas to confront depression in an assertive and empowering way. Using stories and letters from patients they have encountered, the authors show readers how to take charge of their lives so that they can become physically, emotionally, and spiritually balanced women. _____
Record: 33
Title: Le bol de la grand-mère. Translated Title: The grandmother's bowl. Author(s): Talaban, Iréna, CMP "Antonin Artaud", Service de Psychiatrie du Dr. J. -L. Roelandt, Hellemmes-Lille, France, chlelong@nordnet.fr Address: Talaban, Iréna, CMP, Antonin Artaud, Service de Psychiatric du Dr J.-L. Roelandt, 43-45, rue Faidherbe, 59260, Hellemmes-Lille, France, chlelong@nordnet.fr Source: Psychologie Francaise, Vol 47(4), Dec 2002. pp. 15-24.
Journal URL: http://www.pug.fr/numrevue4.asp?NumRevue=4 Publisher: France: Societe Francaise de Psychologie
Publisher URL: http://www.sfpsy.org/ ISSN: 0331-2984 (Print) Language: French Keywords: psychotherapeutic treatment; depression; healers; treatment approach; spirits of the dead; belief; psychotherapeutic process Abstract: In this article the author describes the psychotherapeutic treatment of a patient of Portuguese background whose paternal grandmother was a healer. She describes how the treatment approach was constructed (setting, interventions, interpretations, handling of objects) taking into account the patient's utterances, by inhabiting the locus in which these utterances took on meaning. The "illness "of the patient is that she taps into the spirits of the dead ("spirits, the dead, they come to me") The working hypothesis is the following: if one admits the notion that the dead exist and that they make themselves known to the living (interfering with the lives of the living according to Mauss), one is obligated to take their manifestations into account, to identify them and to fulfill their requests. _____
Record: 34
Title: The acceptability of a culturally-tailored depression education videotape to African Americans. Author(s): Primm, Annelle B., aprimm@jhmi.edu.
Cabot, Diane
Pettis, Jacquelyn
Vu, Hong Thi
Cooper, Lisa A. Address: Primm, Annelle B., Johns Hopkins Community Psychiatry Program, Meyer 144, 600 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, US, aprimm@jhmi.edu. Source: Journal of the National Medical Association, Vol 94(11), Nov 2002. pp. 1007-1016. Publisher: US: National Medical Assn
Publisher URL: http://www.nmanet.org/ ISSN: 0027-9684 (Print) Language: English Keywords: patient perceptions; educational videotapes; African Americans; depression attitudes; patient understanding; cultural appropriateness Abstract: Examined patient perceptions of an educational videotape for African Americans with depression. 24 African Americans (aged 18-76 yrs) diagnosed with depression viewed the videotape, then participated in focus groups and other discussions concerning its usefulness in understanding depression and its treatment, its most and least effective aspects, and its cultural appropriateness. Other collected data included pre-and post-tests concerning depression attitudes. Results show that depression attitudes improved in several areas following watching the videotape, including the perception of depression as a medical illness, the effectiveness of treatment, perceptions of antidepressant medication, and reliance upon spirituality to heal depression. The videotape was generally well received and was rated effective in improving knowledge about depression and its treatment. _____
Record: 35
Title: Religious coping and depression among spouses of people with lung cancer. Author(s): Abernethy, Alexis D.
Chang, H. Theresa
Seidlitz, Larry
Evinger, James S.
Duberstein, Paul R., paul_duberstein@urmc.rochester.edu Address: Duberstein, Paul R., U Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Dept of Psychiatry, Lab of Personality & Development, 300 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY, US, paul_duberstein@urmc.rochester.edu Source: Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry, Vol 43(6), Nov-Dec 2002. pp. 456-463.
Journal URL: http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/ Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn
Publisher URL: http://www.appi.org ISSN: 0033-3182 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1176/appi.psy.43.6.456 Language: English Keywords: religious coping; depression; lung cancer; spouses Abstract: Hypothesized a curvilinear relationship between religious coping and depression in 156 spouses (aged 26-85 yrs) of lung cancer patients. Data were gathered from interviews with spouses. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with blocks of variables entered as follows: demographic characteristics; cancer stage; perceived control, self-efficacy, and social support; religious coping (linear); and religious coping squared (quadratic). Results indicate that there was a significant association between religious coping squared and depression. Spouses who used moderate levels of religious coping were rated as less depressed than those who used lower or higher levels. _____
Record: 36
Title: Use of alternative health care practices by persons with serious mental illness: Perceived benefits. Author(s): Russinova, Zlatka, Boston U, Sargent Coll of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Ctr for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston, MA, US, zlatka@bu.edu
Wewiorski, Nancy J., Boston U, Sargent Coll of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Ctr for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston, MA, US
Cash, Dane, Boston U, Ctr for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston, MA, US Address: Russinova, Zlatka, Boston U, Ctr for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 940 Commonwealth Ave West, Boston, MA, US, zlatka@bu.edu
Source: American Journal of Public Health, Vol 92(10), Oct 2002. pp. 1600-1603.
Journal URL: http://www.ajph.org Publisher: US: American Public Health Assn
Publisher URL: http://www.apha.org ISSN: 0090-0036 (Print)
1541-0048 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: alternative health care practices; serious mental illness; bipolar disorder; schizophrenia; depression; benefits Abstract: Examined the perceived benefits of alternative health care practices by individuals with serious mental illness. 157 individuals (mean age 46.6 yrs) with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, or depressive disorder who reported mental health benefits from alternative health care practices completed surveys concerning the benefits of alternative practice. Results show that some subjects (Ss) seemed to benefit from a variety of alternative practices, including body-manipulation modalities such as massage and chiropractic. More frequently used practices included meditation, massage, yoga, and guided imagery. Religious or spiritual activities such as prayer, worship attendance, and religious or spiritual reading were commonly practiced and reported as beneficial. Alternative practices promoted the recovery process beyond the management of emotional and cognitive impairment by also enhancing social interaction, spirituality, and self-functioning. _____
Record: 37
Title: Depression and quality of life: Results of a follow-up study. Author(s): Angermeyer, M. C., U Leipzig, Dept of Psychiatry, Leipzig, Germany
Holzinger, A., U Vienna, Dept of Psychiatry, Vienna, Austria
Matschinger, H., U Leipzig, Dept of Psychiatry, Leipzig, Germany
Stenger-Wenzke, K., U Leipzig, Dept of Psychiatry, Leipzig, Germany Source: International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol 48(3), Sep 2002. pp. 189-199. Publisher: US: Sage Publications
Publisher URL: http://www.sagepublications.com/ ISSN: 0020-7640 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1177/002076402128783235 Language: English Keywords: depression; quality of life Abstract: Studied the quality of life of 66 patients (aged 18-65 yrs) with depression (ICD-10 F32, F33) 1, 4 and 7 mo after discharge from hospital. For comparison, a random sample of the general population was studied in addition. Quality of life was assessed by means of the WHOQOL-100, a self-administered questionnaire developed by WHO. Although, shortly after discharge, quality of life of patients whose depression remitted was better than that of patients with persisting depression it was still slightly worse than that of the general population. During the subsequent 6 mo, there was no further improvement of quality of life, i.e. even at the end of the follow-up period there was a slight lack of quality of life, especially as concerns the level of independence, spirituality/religion/personal beliefs and physical health. The authors conclude that what already had been reported based on the objective assessment of quality of life, namely that depression implies a persisting impairment of social functioning and living conditions, can be replicated to some extent from the point of view of the patients themselves. _____
Record: 38
Title: Religion, senescence, and mental health: The end of life is not the end of hope. Author(s): Van Ness, Peter H., Yale U School of Medicine, Dept of Epidemiology & Public Health, New Haven, CT, US, peter.vanness@yale.edu
Larson, David B., Duke U Medical Ctr, International Ctr for the Integration of Health & Spirituality, US Address: Van Ness, Peter H., Yale U School of Medicine, Dept of Epidemiology & Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, US, peter.vanness@yale.edu Source: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Vol 10(4), Jul-Aug 2002. Special issue: Suicidal behaviors in older adults. pp. 386-397.
Journal URL: http://ajgp.psychiatryonline.org/ Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn
Publisher URL: http://www.appi.org ISSN: 1064-7481 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1176/appi.ajgp.10.4.386 Language: English Keywords: religiousness; spirituality; mental health; end of life; coping; cognitive dysfunction; anxiety; depression; suicide; older Americans Abstract: The authors review epidemiological and survey research relevant to the relationships between religiousness/spirituality and mental health in people at the end of life, with the end of helping psychiatrists, psychologists, and other mental health professionals dealing with older Americans. They give special attention to well-being, religious coping, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, depression, and suicide, and consider the extent to which hope is a mediator of the purported salutary effects of religiousness. Studies were selected from the comprehensive and systematic review of 20th-century scientific literature concerning religion and health. Authors also review current studies relevant to religion and end-of-life issues. Religious persons reported generally higher levels of well-being. The review also found fairly consistent inverse associations of religiousness with rates of depression and suicide. There was some negative association between religious participation and cognitive dysfunction, but the association with anxiety was inconsistent, with some studies showing a correlation between higher levels of religion and anxiety. Religion's effects on mental health are generally protective in direction but modest in strength. _____
Record: 39
Title: Spirituality, religion, and depression in the terminally ill. Author(s): Nelson, Christian J.
Rosenfeld, Barry, rosenfeld@fordham.edu
Breitbart, William
Galietta, Michele Address: Rosenfeld, Barry, Fordham U, Dept of Psychology, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, US, rosenfeld@fordham.edu Source: Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry, Vol 43(3), May-Jun 2002. pp. 213-220.
Journal URL: http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/ Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn
Publisher URL: http://www.appi.org ISSN: 0033-3182 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1176/appi.psy.43.3.213 Language: English Keywords: spirituality; religiosity; depressive symptom severity; terminally ill patients; cancer; AIDS Abstract: Examined the impact of spirituality and religiosity on depressive symptom severity in a sample of 162 terminally ill patients (aged 25-94 yrs) with cancer and AIDS. The primary variables used in this study were the FACIT Spiritual Well-Being Scale, a religiosity index similar to those used in previous research, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Karnofsky Performance Rating Scale, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. A strong negative association was observed between the FACIT Spiritual Well-Being scale and the HDRS, but no such relationship was found for religiosity, because more religious individuals had somewhat higher scores on the HDRS. Similar patterns were observed for the FACIT subscales, finding a strong negative association between the meaning and peace subscale (which corresponds to the more existential aspects of spirituality) and HDRS scores, whereas a positive, albeit nonsignficant, association was observed for the faith subscale (which corresponds more closely to religiosity). These results suggest that the beneficial aspects of religion may be primarily those that relate to spiritual well-being rather than to religious practices per se. Implications are discussed. _____
Record: 40
Title: Canadian psychiatric inpatient religious commitment: An association with mental health. Author(s): Baetz, Marilyn, Dept of Psychiatry, U Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Larson, David B., National Inst for Healthcare Research, Rockville, MD, US
Marcoux, Gene, Dept of Psychiatry, U Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Bowen, Rudy, Dept of Psychiatry, U Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Griffin, Ron, Dept of Sociology, St Thomas More Coll, U Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Address: Baetz, Marilyn, Dept of Psychiatry, U Saskatchewan, Room 111, Ellis Hall, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0W8 Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 47(2), Mar 2002. pp. 159-166.
Journal URL: http://www.cpa-apc.org/Publications/cjpHome.asp Publisher: Canada: Canadian Psychiatric Assn
Publisher URL: http://www.cpa-apc.org ISSN: 0706-7437 (Print) Language: English Keywords: religious interest; religious commitment; mental health; psychiatric inpatients; religious beliefs; religious practices; depression Abstract: Examined the effects of religious interest and commitment on the mental health of psychiatric inpatients. 88 psychiatric inpatients (aged 18-86 yrs) completed interviews concerning their religious beliefs and practices. Patients with a Beck Depression score of 12 or more were included for outcome analysis. Results show that 59% of Ss believed in a God who rewards and punishes, 27% had a high frequency of worship attendance, and 35% prayed once or more daily. More frequent worship attenders had less severe depressive symptoms, shorter current length of stay, higher satisfaction with life, and lower rates of current and lifetime alcohol abuse, compared with those with less frequent or no worship attendance. In contrast, private spirituality was associated with lower depressive symptoms and current alcohol use only, and prayer frequency exerted no significant effects. It is concluded that certain religious practices may protect against severity of symptoms, hospital use, and enhance life satisfaction among psychiatric inpatients. _____
Record: 41
Title: Spiritual dark night and psychological depression: Some comparisons and considerations. Author(s): O'Connor, Michael, Seattle U, Dept of Counseling & School Psychology, Seattle, WA, US, moconnor@seattleu.edu Address: O'Connor, Michael, Dept of Counseling & School Psychology, Room 217 Loyola Hall, Seattle U, 900 Broadway, Seattle, WA, US, moconnor@seattleu.edu Source: Counseling & Values, Vol 46(2), Jan 2002. pp. 137-148. Publisher: US: Assn for Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling
Publisher URL: http://www.vcacounselors.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=4 ISSN: 0160-7960 (Print) Language: English Keywords: spiritual dark night; psychological depression; professionals; caregivers; pastoral counselors; spiritual directors Abstract: The author contends that spiritual dark night and some forms of psychological depression share commonalties yet have distinctly different features that call for different responses from caregivers. The author presents comparisons between the 2 phenomena; highlights differences between them to offer counselors guidelines for making informed responses to their clients' issues; and compares professional preparation for spiritual directors, pastoral counselors, and traditional counselors. The article focuses on effective caregiver responses to dark night challenges that may be misperceived as manifestations of depression and stresses the importance of counselors and spiritual directors knowing their limits of expertise. _____
Record: 42
Title: Diversity as an influence on clients with anxiety and depressive disorders: What the responsible social worker should know. Author(s): Nelsen, Judith C., U Illinois, Jane Addams Coll of Social Work, Chicago, IL, US, judnel@uic.edu Source: Families in Society, Vol 83(1), Jan-Feb 2002. pp. 45-53.
Journal URL: http://www.alliance1.org/Publications/fis/FIS_Opening.htm Publisher: US: Alliance for Children & Families
Publisher URL: http://www.alliance1.org ISSN: 1044-3894 (Print) Language: English Keywords: anxiety disorders; depressive disorders; social workers; sociocultural client diversity; gender-sensitive services; mental health services; vulnerability Abstract: Presents information for social workers on the ways in which gender and sociocultural diversity can affect individuals' vulnerability to depressive or anxiety disorders, symptom presentation, personal and family response, treatment preferences, and resources for coping. The author presents guidelines for social workers in varied settings in how to best assist clients with these disorders receive the help they need, including using client and community resources together with mental health services. A new development in gender- and culturally-sensitive services in social work is social workers' greater willingness to attend to clients' spirituality and to consider the use of clergy or traditional healing methods on their behalf. _____
Record: 43
Title: Self-transcendence and depression in middle-age adults. Author(s): Ellermann, Caroline R., U Arizona, College of Nursing, AZ, US
Reed, Pamela G., U Arizona, College of Nursing, AZ, US Source: Western Journal of Nursing Research, Vol 23(7), Nov 2001. pp. 698-713. Publisher: US: Sage Publications
Publisher URL: http://www.sagepublications.com/ ISSN: 0193-9459 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1177/01939450122045492 Language: English Keywords: self-transcendence; depression; middle-age adults; mental health; life experiences; parenting; acceptance; spirituality Abstract: Notes that self-transcendence has been found to be an important correlate of mental health in older adults and adults facing the end of life. This study examines the relationship of transcendence and other transcendence variables to depression in 133 middle-age adults (aged 25-64 yrs). P. G. Reed's Self-Transcendence Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, and measures of parenting, acceptance and spirituality were administered. Findings indicating significant inverse correlations between self-transcendence and depression, as well as between other measures of transcendence and depression support Reed's theory. Multiple regression analysis indicated that acceptance may be another significant correlate of depression. Significant gender differences and age-related patterns of increased levels of self-transcendence were found. Study results illuminate the need to continue research into developmentally based transcendence variables related to various experiences of health and well-being across the life span. _____
Record: 44
Title: When is faith enough? The effects of religious involvement on depression. Author(s): Schnittker, Jason, U Pennsylvania, Dept of Sociology, Philadelphia, PA, US Source: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol 40(3), Sep 2001. pp. 393-411.
Journal URL: http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0021-8294 Publisher: United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing
Publisher URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com ISSN: 0021-8294 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1111/0021-8294.00065 Language: English Keywords: religious involvement; depression; spiritual help seeking Abstract: Although most scholars find that religious involvement is negatively related to depression, questions still remain regarding how individuals benefit from such involvement and evidence from nationally representative samples is rare. In this paper, the author expands upon previous research by considering 3 types of general religious involvement (attendance at religious services, religious salience, and spiritual help-seeking) and 3 types of effects (linear, curvilinear, and stress-buffering). Using Americans' Changing Lives (J. S. House, 1989)--a large, nationally representative, and longitudinal data set--the author finds a U-shaped effect of religious salience on depression, no significant independent effect of service attendance, and a positive effect of spiritual help-seeking. Spiritual help-seeking and religious salience exhibit significant stress-buffering effects, but these occur only when individuals experience multiple negative life events, and not when they experience any single type of discrete event. _____
Record: 45
Title: How important is intrinsic spirituality in depression care? A comparison of White and African-American primary care patients. Author(s): Cooper, Lisa A., Johns Hopkins U School of Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US, lcooper@mail.jhmi.edu
Brown, Charlotte, U Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Inst & Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, US
Vu, Hong Thi, Johns Hopkins U School of Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
Ford, Daniel E., Johns Hopkins U School of Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
Powe, Neil R., Johns Hopkins U School of Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US Address: Cooper, Lisa A., Welch Ctr for Prevention, Epidemiology, & Clinical Research, 2024 E. Monument St., Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD, US, lcooper@mail.jhmi.edu Source: Journal of General Internal Medicine, Vol 16(9), Sep 2001. pp. 634-638. Publisher: United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing
Publisher URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com ISSN: 0884-8734 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009634.x Language: English Keywords: African American primary care patients; White patients; depression care; spirituality in care; trust in health professionals; stigma; concerns about antidepressants; social support Abstract: Used a cross-sectional survey to compare the views of 76 African-American and White adult primary care patients regarding the importance of various aspects of depression care. It was hypothesized that African Americans would rate stigma, trust in health professionals, concerns about antidepressant medication, informal sources of support, and spirituality as more important aspects of depression care than would White patients. Patients were asked to rate the importance of 126 aspects of depression care (derived from attitudinal domains identified in focus groups) on a 5-point Likert scale. The 30 most important items came from 9 domains: 1) health professionals' interpersonal skills, 2) primary care provider recognition of depression, 3) treatment effectiveness, 4) treatment problems, 5) patient understanding about treatment, 6) intrinsic spirituality, 7) financial access, 8) life experiences, and 9) social support. African-American and White patients rated most aspects of depression care as similarly important, except that the odds of rating spirituality as extremely important for depression care were 3 times higher for African Americans than the odds for whites. _____
Record: 46
Title: Retooling multiple levels to improve primary care depression treatment. Author(s): Rost, Kathryn, U Colorado Health Science Ctr, Denver, CO, US
Smith, Jeff, U Colorado Health Science Ctr, Denver, CO, US Source: Journal of General Internal Medicine, Vol 16(9), Sep 2001. pp. 644-645. Publisher: United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing
Publisher URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com ISSN: 0884-8734 (Print) Language: English Keywords: depression treatment; validity of Patient Health Questionnaire; spirituality; African Americans; primary care physicians; education program Abstract: The authors of this editorial posit that the successful treatment of depression requires an appreciation of the condition's impact on multiple levels of an individual's life. They comment on articles by K. Kroenke et al (see record 2002-00960-003), L. A. Cooper et al (record 2002-00960-007), and E. H. B. Lin et al (record 2002-00960-004) as giving thoughtful perspectives on 3 of these levels. Kroenke et al contribute to the field with their study on the validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire, a brief but finely tuned survey that primary care clinicians can use to recognize depression in their patients and monitor their progress over time. Improving primary care depression treatment also requires that the clinician introduce the diagnosis and treatment recommendations in a manner compatible with the patient's belief system. Cooper's article on the importance of intrinsic spirituality in depression care for African American patients provides important evidence of this perspective. Finally, Lin et al's article deals with improving depression management for primary care physicians through an education program. _____
Record: 47
Title: Optimizing spiritual healing by assessing dream and SIS imagery.
Author(s): Cassell, Wilfred A., SIS Ctr, Anchorage, AK, US, drcassell@corecom.net
Ilardi, Frank J.
Collins, Alfred
Mishra, Mridula
Dubey, Bankey L. Source: Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, Vol 8(2), Jul 2001. pp. 75-94. Publisher: India: Somatic Inkblot Society
Publisher URL: http://www.somaticinkblots.com ISSN: 0971-6610 (Print) Language: English Keywords: Somatic Inkblot Series; Image 3A; Christianity; spiritual imagery; affect; consciousness; healing; symbolism; dreams; therapist role; major depression; psychotherapy Abstract: Demonstrates the application of the Somatic Inkblot Series (SIS II Booklet) In the test, Image 3A is in a monochromatic bluish gray form suggestive of a cross. For many Christians, this can stimulate spiritual imagery and affect in consciousness, activating healing. The image significantly contrasts with many traditional artistic representations of Christ's crucifixion, which are highly structured and leave little to the imagination. With abstract symbols, such as this SIS inkblot, there is an enhanced potential for the external visual stimulus to tap into the Dreamer's deep inner well of divine spirituality. In employing this approach, it must be remembered that different religions have their own unique symbols and rituals. SIS therapists must be open minded and unbiased in order to employ these for spiritual healing. Therapists need to foster healing by optimally activating the person's religious symbols in the therapy process. Those suffering should be encouraged to have reverence for spirituality arising spontaneously through dream imagery. The case studies of 2 Christian adolescent girls hospitalized for severe major depression associated with suicidal ideation are presented. Following admission, they participated in psychotherapy together. _____
Record: 48 |
