Spirituality

Spirituality and The Soul

Title: Sanity and sanctity: The counselor and multiple relationships in the
church.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Llewellyn, Russ
Source/Citation: Dual relationships and psychotherapy., New York, NY, US:
Springer Publishing Co; 2002, (xxxiii, 501), 298-314
Source editor(s): Lazarus, Arnold A. (Ed); Zur, Ofer (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Pastoral counseling and psychotherapy in church
settings provide a unique environment in which dual relationships often play
an essential role in the pastor-therapist-client relationship. One of the
reasons that dual relationships are especially important for pastors is that
they are very often the first person to whom people turn during times of
mental or spiritual anguish. Dual relationships in this context are
relationships in which the pastoral counselor or psychotherapist has more than
one role or relationship with clients. The author clarifies how dual
relationships, familiarity, and trust in the church community are almost
prerequisites to spiritual counseling.
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Title: Report: Creative partnerships--people with psychiatric disabilities and
art therapists in dialogue.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Spaniol, Susan; Bluebird, Gayle
Author Affiliation: Lesley U, Expressive Therapies Div, Cambridge, MA, US
Source/Citation: Arts in Psychotherapy; Vol 29(2) 2002, US: Elsevier
Science/Pergamon; 2002, 107-114
Abstract/Review/Citation: Reports on Creative Partnerships, a conference of 34
people with psychiatric disabilities and art therapists held at Lesley
University in March 2001. The conference was the first Participatory Dialogue
between people with psychiatric disabilities involved in the arts and art
therapists, bringing together constituents all strongly committed to
rehabilitation and recovery through the use of the creative arts. Main themes
of the dialogue included boundaries, language usage, spirituality and healing,
and programming. The authors conclude that one of the clearest outcomes of the
dialogue was awareness that this group of people valued being together and
wanted opportunities to meet as a group in the future.
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Title: Religiosity and racial identity attitudes: Clinically relevant factors in
psychotherapy with African Americans.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Davis-Russell, Elizabeth
Source/Citation: The California School of Professional Psychology handbook of
multicultural education, research, intervention, and training., San Francisco,
CA, US: Jossey-Bass; 2002, (xvii, 344), 263-276
Source editor(s): Davis-Russell, Elizabeth (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: The chapter focuses on the importance of religious or
spiritual beliefs and practices and racial identity attitudes in conducting
culturally competent psychotherapy that considers the context of the client.
179 African American participants completed the Religious Orientation Scale
and the Racial Identity Attitude Scale. Gender differences in racial identity
attitudes and religiosity are interpreted in light of nigrescence models.
Generally, world views and spirituality or religiosity are important factors
that clinicians need to include in their understanding of the African American
client.
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Title: Theobiology: Interfacing theology and science.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Rayburn, Carole A.; Richmond, Lee J.
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist: Special Issue: Theobiology:
Interfacing theology, biology, and other sciences for deeper understanding.;
Vol 45(12) Aug 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 1793-1811
Abstract/Review/Citation: Notes that theobiology (TB) proposes that disciplines
from the sciences be brought into theological, psychology-of-religion, and
spirituality discussions and analyses on a systematic, consistent basis. TB
does not presume any primacy of the sciences over theology or the psychology
of religion/spirituality or vice versa. Nor is revealed knowledge or divine
revelation seen as less important than scientific knowledge. In this theory
and methodology, sciences serve as tools or aids to provide deeper
understanding of theology and of the psychology of religion/spirituality. TB
theoretical undergirdings include the philosophical approach, with the search
for truth coming about through logical reasoning rather than direct
observation and analysis of bases and concepts of fundamental beliefs, and
hermeneutics, recognizing that all sciences are needed for the most accurate,
appropriate interpretation of theological matters. Other topics discussed in
this paper with reference to TB include its guidelines or principle tenets,
neurotheology, shamanism and the neural ecology of consciousness and healing,
career development, plant and animal life, racial and gender inclusiveness,
differences between religiousness and spirituality, sexuality, gender issues,
and the gender of God and Christ.
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Title: Comments on symposium: Theobiology: Interfacing theology, psychology, and
other sciences for deeper understanding.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hood, Ralph W. JR
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist: Special Issue: Theobiology:
Interfacing theology, biology, and other sciences for deeper understanding.;
Vol 45(12) Aug 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 1854-1861
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on papers presented by C. A. Rayburn and L.
J. Richmond, W. S. Brown, and R. L. Gorsuch  at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in 2001, as well as a few references that have influenced this commentary. The author discusses issues raised by the authors and by the concept of theobiology. Specifically, the author discusses Rayburn and Richmond's reference to the role of embodiment in the search for truth, Brown's concern with the interconnectedness of the body and soul, and Gorsuch's views on the discovery of truth within the sciences
and humanities.
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Title: Theobiology and gendered spirituality.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kanis, Sharon
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist: Special Issue: Theobiology:
Interfacing theology, biology, and other sciences for deeper understanding.;
Vol 45(12) Aug 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 1866-1874
Abstract/Review/Citation: Notes that the gendered nature of human experience
influences the interpretation of most life events and human processes. Men and
women experience life differently. The author asks, how does gender affect the
development of theology or the practice of spirituality? In particular, what
is the impact of embodiment on the development of theology or spirituality?
The author presents narrative accounts by several women to explore these
questions. Analyses show that the experience of being embodied as a woman
intersects with the theology of Christian religious tradition. It is suggested
that narrative research provides rich data for understanding the interface
between human embodiment and spirituality.
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Title: Cross-cultural generalizability of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale in
India: Spirituality as a universal aspect of human experience.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Piedmont, Ralph L.; Leach, Mark M.
Author Affiliation: U Southern Mississippi, Dept of Psychology, MS, US
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist: Special Issue: Theobiology:
Interfacing theology, biology, and other sciences for deeper understanding.;
Vol 45(12) Aug 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 1888-1901
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined whether the Spiritual Transcendence Scale
(STS)--a motivationally based measure of spirituality developed in the US with
mostly Christian participants--is generalizable to a non-Western culture
across multiple religions. Specifically, this research examined (1) the STS's
reliability in a multireligious Indian sample, especially across the different
religious faiths (Hinduism, Christianity, Islam); (2) gender and religious
affiliation differences; (3) the STS's factor structure; (4) the STS's
correlation with other measures of religious activity, spirituality, and
psychological maturity; and (5) the predictive value of the STS for religious
activity, spirituality, and psychological maturity after the predictive
effects of personality were controlled. The STS along with additional attitude
and personality measures were administered to 369 Indian undergraduate
students (aged 17-27 yrs). Results show structural validity of the STS and
predictive validity independent of personality factors, consistent with US
samples. Gender differences between the 3 religions indicate that  religiousness and spirituality are not isomorphic constructs. These results
provide support for the use of the STS in diverse samples and evidence of the
universality of spiritual experience.
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Title: When science meets religion.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Otani, Akira
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist: Special Issue: Theobiology:
Interfacing theology, biology, and other sciences for deeper understanding.;
Vol 45(12) Aug 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 1902-1904
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on C. A. Rayburn and L. J. Richmond's (2002)
article introducing the field of theobiology as "the interface of theology and biology", and more broadly the inferface of religion and science. The author argues that Rayburn and
Richmond's article is written exclusively from the Christian perspective, and that while informative, the given textual analysis bears little relevance to other religions in the world. The author also comments on an article by R. L. Piedmont and M. M. Leach (2002)which attempted to measure and cross-validate spirituality as a plausible universal construct using a group of Indian participants representing 3 different faiths. The
author argues that both Rayburn and Richmond's conceptual article and Piedmont
and Leach's empirical article show good attempts to integrate the traditional
theology with existing scientific knowledge and methodology.
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Title: "2001 invited address: Parapsychology and transpersonal psychology:
'Anomalies' to be explained away or spirit to mainfest?"'Erratum.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tart, Charles
Source/Citation: Journal of Parapsychology; Vol 66(2) Jun 2002, US: Journal of
Parapsychology; 2002, 216
Abstract/Review/Citation: Reports an error in the original article by C. Tart
(Journal of Parapsychology, 2002[Mar], Vol No.[66(1)], 31-47.) The author's
email address should be: cttart@ucdavis.edu. (The following abstract of the
article appeared in record 2002-02655-002.) Discusses transpersonal
psychological aspects of parapsychology. The term "spiritual" is
controversial for parapsychologists and for most psychologists in general.
Within transpersonal psychology, parapsychology is a narrower, technical
interest. Parapsychology is relevant to the conflicting world views of
spiritual, materialistic, and scientist orientations regarding: (1) the nature
of reality; (2) connection, morality, and relationship; (3) meaning; (4) love;
and (5) death. As a field, parapsychology could become more
spiritually/transpersonally relevant through: (1) increased emphasis on the
effect of prayer and psychic healing on illness; (2) examining how and what
parts of transpersonal psychology work; (3) becoming more involved in
near-death experience research; and (4) undertaking survival research.
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Title: Binge drinking and salutogenesis:  Sense of coherence, stress,
religiousness and spirituality.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Debruyn, Jeanne Carol
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(10-A) May 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3588
Abstract/Review/Citation: Despite highly publicized tragedies and on-going
examinations and refinements of alcohol practices and policies, binge drinking
on college campuses continues to be one of the most serious public health
problems confronting American colleges and universities. While it is important
to understand the extent of binge drinking and its attendant consequences, it
is equally as important to understand why some students are protected from
engaging into this potentially destructive rite of passage.  This study
focuses on binge drinking from a salutogenic perspective in that, unlike
traditional pathogenic research into binge drinking, it examines students'
sense of coherence (Antonovsky, 1987) in relation to binge drinking, stress,
university norms of drinking behavior, religiousness and spirituality. The
following hypotheses were tested: (a) students with a strong sense of
coherence (SOC) will perceive their lives as less stressful; (b) will report
less binge drinking; and (c) will report stronger religious and/or spiritual
convictions than students with a weak sense of coherence. As hypothesized,
this cross-sectional, classroom administered survey of students at a
Midwestern university found that the strength of one's SOC played a weak but
significant role in ameliorating binge drinking and perceptions of stress.
Positive relationships were found between SOC and spirituality. Additionally,
students in this sample perceived binge drinking as normative campus behavior;
however, the percentage of students reporting binge drinking episodes in the
two weeks preceding questionnaire administration was higher than the national
average found in other research of collegiate populations.  The findings of
this research provide evidence for the role one's SOC plays in stress,
perception of binge drinking norms, and spirituality on the incidence of binge
drinking. Interventions directed toward increasing student levels of SOC,
decreasing student levels and perceptions of stress, as well as changing
erroneous perceptions of binge drinking norms are discussed. Further
longitudinal studies are recommended and can be expected to aid in the design
of functional, more successful programs and policies aimed at impeding binge
drinking on college campuses.
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Title: The effect of head and heart on municipal employee retention.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sherman, Charles Patrick
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(10-A) May 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3474
Abstract/Review/Citation: This dissertation examined the effect of heart and
head on municipal employee retention. Heart attributes were synonymous with
right-brain (Theory Y) approaches to retention while head attributes were
considered equivalent to left-brain (Theory X) approaches. Municipal retention
was viewed as problematic, exacerbated in the early 21st century by lower
birth rates yielding fewer workers.  Heart attributes included dialogue,
passion, heart, balance, soul, spirituality, artistry, silence, and meditation
rooms. Head attributes included shared decision making, employee recognition,
flexible work, flexible leave, personal mastery, advocacy, flexible pay,
flexible retirement, and flexible workplace design.  The research population
was a nonprofit organization of 486 innovative cities and local governments.
One hundred twenty-eight respondents completed surveys. Three sets of focus
groups were held. Surveys and focus groups elicited responses on the
predominance of, and desire for, heart or head attributes in an organization
as well as barriers to and best practices for retention. The head and heart
subcategories quantified the literature review.  Both heart and head issues
are viewed as important for retention. Head attributes are indicated by 60% of
responses as being of primary importance, while heart attributes are noted by
40% of responses in surveys and focus groups. However, when the literature
review was quantified by heart/head attributes, a reverse of 60% referencing
heart and 40% referencing head was noted. A disconnect between the literature
and practice was indicated.  The literature suggests that spirituality in the
workplace is an increasing phenomenon. This study indicated that spirituality
was almost nonexistent in municipalities. Practitioners appeared to recognize
the need to implement heart in organizations for retention. In practice,
however, implementation was minimized. Barriers to implementation of
heart/head included federal, state, and local legislation, retirement system
rules, and the lack of an authorizing environment for risk-taking.  It is
recommended that modern trained practitioners teach heart attributes through
the utilization of head or left-brain language for acceptance. Other
recommendations include training in heart attributes, allowing personal  spiritual growth in the governmental workplace, and legislative changes.
Future research is suggested for heart focused best practices and the
spirituality disconnect in government.
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Title: Women, trauma and power:  The embodied experience of embracing personal
power.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hammes, Kathie Anne
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4817
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study is a phenomenological investigation of the
experience through which women uncover a sense of intrinsic strength. This
study involves 12 women who were self-identified trauma survivors between the
ages of 48 and 63. From the data, a sequential set of themes was derived that
described the embodied experience of embracing personal power for women who
are trauma survivors. These themes are: The Trauma Lens, in which personal
power became known against the backdrop of knowing powerlessness; Freedom of
Choice, the process of decision making played a key component in facilitating
the move from victim to survivor; Bodily Experience, the physical knowing of
personal power; Spirituality and Connectedness to Others and the essential
need of being connected to someone or something for support; The Lenses of
Personal Power, the insights gained by the knowing of personal power and
strength. The women acknowledged the trauma and other misfortunes within their
lives but chose to make use of those experiences. The resilience and courage
possessed by these women made them survivors. The attempt to change and create
meaning of the trauma transformed their tragedy into something useful, and
thus improved the quality of their life. Embracing personal power is a process
that involves a moment of knowing-one felt within the body, soul and mind.
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Title: Influences of racism, spirituality, positive social support, and negative
social exchange on depressive symptomology among lower socioeconomic African
American women.
Author(s)/Editor(s): John, Saira Elizabeth
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4789
Abstract/Review/Citation: The current study identified variables that influence
levels of depressive symptoms in a sample of urban African American women from
lower socioeconomic statuses. A total of 207 women were assessed on dimensions
of depressive symptoms, racist events, positive social support, spirituality,
and negative social exchange. In general, depressive symptoms among this
sample of women were considered to be elevated. Contrary to prior research,  incidence of racist events was not significantly related to depressive
symptoms in this sample of women. When controlling for racist events, the
independent variables were protective factors against experiencing depressive
symptoms. Positive social support and spirituality were significantly
inversely related to depressive symptoms. Negative social exchange was also
significantly related to depressive symptoms, with lower levels of this type
of support related to lower levels of depressive symptoms. Despite the
elevated depressive symptoms endorsed by this sample, it seems that many
African American women may benefit from their positive social supports,
minimal negative social exchanges, and spirituality.
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Title: Body, soul, and medicine:  Confessions of an elder physician.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Denney, Myron Keith
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4778
Abstract/Review/Citation: The modern medical healing arts are caught in the
prevailing scientific paradigm of Western culture, functioning with a
biomedical science that privileges quantity over quality, fragmentation over
wholeness, and matter over spirit. As a result, the emotional, spiritual, and
soulful aspects of healing are often neglected.  Addressing this schism,
medical schools have included the humanities in education, pastoral workers
have become active in hospitals, and psychologists tend to patients undergoing
somatic care. Meanwhile, individuals have turned to various forms of
alternative or complementary medicine, seeking to incorporate life meaning and
spirituality within their illnesses and treatments. Although some individual
practicing physicians and other healers have tried to include these
alternative methods in standard medical practice, most of the members of the
medical profession have kept these soulful practices clearly separate from
'scientific' medical care. Motivated by regrets of my own dissociation of
science and spirituality during my years of medical education, training, and
practice, I have asked how I might inspire myself and others to build a bridge
to connect science and spirituality in the medical healing arts. To approach
this question, I chose the artistic method in the form of a series of essays.
After constructing a thorough theoretical thematic hermeneutic argument
outlining the problem, I chose to express the findings through a series of
four confessional essays which tell their stories from the heart as well as
the mind. With stories of personal experiences in modern medical care, the
essays speak through the voice of both elder physician and fledgling depth
psychologist and view modern medicine through the lenses of 20th-century depth
psychology and its close relationship with complexity science, and quantum
theory. In doing so, the essays begin to construct a bridge over which to
bring an outdated biomedical science up-to-date.  These essays are the first
few stones in the construction of that bridge.
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Title: Psychoanalytic practice and the religious patient:  The politics of
agency and responsibility.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bartoli, Eleonora
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4772
Abstract/Review/Citation: This project relies on an investigation of the
relationship between psychoanalysis and religion as it has developed from
Freud through subsequent psychoanalytic schools, and the effects of this
changing relationship on treatment practices. This analysis highlighted the
specific terms characterizing the relationship between the concept of mental
health endorsed by each psychoanalytic school, and the way in which religious
thought and involvement were considered to promote, or be of detriment to, an
individual's mental health.  This dissertation project then turned to training
psychoanalysts, the gatekeepers of psychoanalytic theory and culture, in order
to investigate their understandings of the varied psychological roles
potentially played by religion, and how such understandings, in turn, shape
their clinical interactions. Central to this inquiry was the relationship
between psychoanalysts' values and religious stance, and their professional
position vis-a-vis religious material. In order to explore these topics, the
present project relied on both quantitative (surveys) and qualitative
(indepth, semi structured interviews) data. Both the survey and interview data
revealed that theoretical orientation and often religious identification had
little influence on analysts' outlook on religion or spirituality, or on how
they chose to address religious material in their clinical work. There seemed
to be, however, an overarching ethos characteristic of the psychoanalytic
community at large according to which given psychological characteristics
(such as an inner sense of agency and freedom) were deemed indicative of
mental health. In this light, analysts did not appear to judge religion or
spirituality per se as much as the particular form these take in people's
lives (e.g., the more rigid and externally imposed sense of duty a given
religious view implied, the less inclined analysts were to view religion in a
positive light). Furthermore, greater sensitivity towards religious patients
was shown by analysts who were able to consider, whether implicitly or
explicitly, the possibility of there being facets of religion, or
spirituality, that do not belong to the realm of psychology. However, empathy
for a suffering human being seemed to influence analysts' interventions
paramountly, and in most cases such an empathic stance overrode existing
personal or professional biases.
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Title: Religious identity, religious practices, and spiritual coping in adults
undergoing treatment for cancer.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Fox, Rachel B.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4783
Abstract/Review/Citation: Research has shown that religion and spirituality
often play an integral part in the ways that people cope with stressful life
events. Religion and coping tend to converge when people (a) already have a
religious or spiritual orientation to life in general, and (b) are confronted
with situations that challenge the boundaries of their biopsychosocial
resources (such as life threatening illness).  This study examined the
individual and comparative relations of religious identity, religious
practices, and spiritual as well as other coping strategies with the
psychological well-being of adults in treatment for a first-time diagnosis of
cancer. Participants were 25 male and 50 female adults receiving treatment at
hospitals in Kansas City and Boston. Participants completed questionnaire
packets that included measures of religious and spiritual beliefs and
practices, a modified version of Pargament et al.'s (1990) spiritually-based
coping scale, non-religious coping, meaning in life, perceived control, and
well being (quality of life, mood disturbance, and posttraumatic stress). 
Results showed a lack of association between religious and spiritual coping
and well-being. Of the coping strategies evaluated, acceptance was the
strongest positive predictor of well-being and denial was the strongest
negative predictor. Spiritual well-being, a scale strongly associated with
meaning and purpose in life, was also a robust positive predictor of general
well-being. Results did support the positive relationship theorized in the
literature between (a) illness onset and perceived severity of illness and (b)
the use of (often preexisting) religious/spiritual beliefs, practices, and
coping strategies. That coping through religion/spirituality was nonetheless
not found to predict well-being may in part have been due to the fact that
participants were actively engaged in treatment and felt relatively in control
of their cancer. For individuals at that point in the cancer trajectory, other
types of coping may have been perceived as more salient to well being than
religious and spiritual orientations.
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Title: Resiliency in the Black family.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gregory, W. Henry Jr.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4786
Abstract/Review/Citation: The development of resiliency in the family is of
great interest for clinicians, researchers and society at large. This study
considers the process of overcoming adversity from the perspective of the
Black family who has historically labored under disadvantage in many areas yet ontinues, in many cases, to manifest degrees of resilience. Much of the study
of the Black family to date has supported negative stereotypes resulting from
researcher bias and methodological inadequacy. This study uses a
constructivist approach to inquiry because of its emphasis on power sharing
among investigators and participants, and the utility of its theoretical
foundations. Theoretically the contextual relativity of constructivism
emphasizes language, narrative, socio-historical and cultural processes as
primary factors in meaning making in understanding our own constructions and
those of others. This constructivist inquiry examines the adaptive processes
of resilient Black families and attempts to identify and clarify the mental
constructs that form the foundation on which family resiliency is based for
them.  Nine Black families each of whom has experienced hazardous adversity
within the last seven years were interviewed. The hazardous adversities all
involved loss and included suicides, murders, illness, sexual abuse and the
threat of termination of parental rights. Ten processes were identified that
support the resilient behavior of the families. Five of the processes are
themes found in previous research and clinical observations with various
populations: positive outlook; spirituality; connectedness; and open
expression of emotions and meaning making. The remaining five processes
represent new themes that expand, clarify and add more definition to the major
themes: the expression of empathy, compassion and forgiveness; the use of
rituals; the practice of remembering; the expression of gratitude and
humility; and the experience of dreams.  This combination of processes
collectively implies a culturally based resiliency pattern that may be useful
to clinicians and policy makers involved with providing intervention and
prevention services to Black families specifically from a competency based
perspective.
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Title: A preliminary predictive analysis of student retention.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Wright, Monica K.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4770
Abstract/Review/Citation: Since the costs of recruiting have become more
prohibitive, student retention has become an important focus for American
colleges and universities in the past few years. A model for this process was
proposed by Tinto in 1975 and has been replicated in different settings with
different populations with similar results. The model is based on
'person-environment' fit, which is the degree to which the person and
environment in which they function are congruent. This combination of the past
and present experiences results in the decision to return or not. Even though
it is comprehensive, Tinto's model does not directly address psychological
factors that may influence an individual student's decision. In addition,
there has been little retention research conducted in private, smaller
schools. The current study is an attempt to investigate these two areas to
form a more complete picture of student retention. In this study, freshman
students were given an extensive demographic questionnaire that also assessed
expectations about their involvement and achievement, reasons for choosing to
attend college, ratings of their ability, and how they spent their time
outside of class. In addition, they were also given several other measures to
assess personality style, stress level, level of spirituality, and levels of
self-esteem. Usable responses were obtained from 175 students. Variables were
selected on the basis of predictive power in previous research as well as the
hypothesized importance of psychological constructs suggested by previous
research. Results suggest that factors delineated by Tinto are still relevant.
The psychological variables included were the students' self-defined levels of
stress and mediating factors and perceptions that aided them in coping with
stress. Results also indicated that time spent engaged in outside activities
was also a predictor of retention, with those spending a slight to moderate
amount of time in other activities returning at a higher rate than those who
did not. It appears that variables in several areas (social, psychological,
and academic) are necessary to encapsulate the profile of a student who is
retained at Spalding University. Future directions were also discussed.
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Title: The process of psychospiritual maturation in adult-acquired severe
physical disability: A grounded theory.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Workman, Daryl J.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4505
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study examined, from the perspectives of adults
between the ages of 40 and 65, the process of adaptation to acquired severe
physical disability. Grounded theory methodology was employed. Five men and
five women with differing severe physical disabilities acquired after the age
of 18, and all living at the same assisted care facility, were interviewed
three times each. An atheoretical framework was used to guide the study.  The
findings of this study indicated that the process of adaptation to adult
acquired severe physical disability could be described by four phases and 11
processes that resulted in psychospiritual maturation of the individual. The
four phases were Conventional Reality, Awakening, Virtual Reality and
Adaptation. The 11 processes were Onset, Resisting Disability, Conceptual
Clinging, Suffering, Seeing, Awakening, Choosing to Change, Dropping, Creating
New Reality, Filtering, and Transcendence and Transformation. Implications for
rehabilitation research and clinical practice included: the identification of
spirituality as an important component of the process of adaptation to adult
acquired severe physical disability; Grounded theory strategies and an
atheoretical framework as viable tools for investigating the process of
adaptation to disability; The proposal of an empirically grounded strategy for
counseling select people with disabilities. Future research needs are also
discussed.
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Title: Psychospirituality will benefit healthcare staff.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Culliford, Larry
Source/Citation: BMJ: British Medical Journal; Vol 324(7352) Jun 2002, England:
British Medical Assn; 2002, 1523-1524
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on an article by D. Double regarding the limits of psychiatry. The current author explores psychospirituality as aimed at bringing about a synthesis of psychiatry and antipsychiatry. A special interest group within the Royal College of Psychiatrists which is examining the relevance of spirituality (as distinguished from religion) in mental health care is discussed.
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Title: Mastery over stress among women with HIV/AIDS.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gray, Jennifer; Cason, Carolyn L.
Author Affiliation: U Texas, School of Nursing, Arlington, TX, US
Source/Citation: JANAC: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care; Vol
13(4) Jul-Aug 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 43-57
Abstract/Review/Citation: Explored the relationships between stressors,
resources for managing stress, and mastery over stress in 80 HIV-positive
women. Ss completed a packet of research instruments that measured the
stressors of perceived stress intensity, interpersonal conflict, and severity
of illness; the resources of social support, support networks, and spiritual
perspective; and the outcome of mastery over stress. Ss reported high levels
of social support, spiritual perspective, interpersonal conflict, and
perceived stress intensity. 29 Ss (36%) had achieved mastery over stress.
Mastery over stress was significantly and positively correlated with social
support, spiritual perspective, and physical functioning, a measure of
severity of illness. Mastery over stress was significantly and negatively
correlated with interpersonal conflict. Social support and spiritual
perspective were predictors of mastery over stress. Stress management
training, especially related to interpersonal conflict, may be an effective
intervention to facilitate mastery. Other potential interventions include
assessing social support and spiritual perspective, discussing the potential
benefit of these resources, and making referrals for psychosocial services as
needed.
========================================

Title: The role of faith in the development of an integrated identity: A
qualitative study of Black students at a White college.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Stewart, Dafina Lazarus
Source/Citation: Journal of College Student Development: Special Issue:
Qualitative research.; Vol 43(4) Jul-Aug 2002, US: ACPA Executive Office;
2002, 579-596
Abstract/Review/Citation: Using phenomenology and portraiture as a framework,
the awareness and integration of multiple sociocultural identities, such as
race, class, and gender, were investigated in the experiences of 5 Black
students at a predominantly White college. This article focuses on the
particular findings concerning the role of faith and spirituality in this
development.
========================================

Title: Using the H.I.S. model in counseling African-American men.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Madison-Colmore, Octavia; Moore, James L. 33
Author Affiliation: U South Carolina, Counselor Education Program, Columbia, SC, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Men's Studies; Vol 10(2) Win 2002, US: Mens Studies
Press; 2002, 197-208
Abstract/Review/Citation: The H.I.S. (History, Identity, and Spirituality) model
is a 3-step approach to working with African-American men. Information from
both the Biopsychosocial and the Affirmation models forms the basis of the
H.I.S. model. However, this conceptual framework takes on a more holistic
approach, incorporating universal concepts that are essential to effective
counseling. The case of a 24-yr-old African American male is presented.
Although the model has not been empirically tested, the implications are
believed to be helpful for practicing counselors.
========================================

Title: Indigenous people policing indigenous people: The potential psychological
and cultural costs.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gould, Larry A.
Source/Citation: Social Science Journal; Vol 39(2) 2002, US: Elsevier Science;
2002, 171-188
Abstract/Review/Citation: Reports on the link between feelings of spirituality
and how Navajo police officers tend to enforce European-based law. Previous
research suggests a link between the officers' depth of feeling of
spirituality and the officers' attitude toward effectiveness of traditional
methods of social control. This research goes a step further and examines the
impact of cultural dissonance on the stressors faced by Navajo police
officers. The enforcement behavior of the officers was used as a proxy for the
intensity of their feelings concerning the usefulness of traditional vs
European-based social control; the underlying assumption tested is that
self-determination is not only a state of law but a state of psychological
being. A snowball method of sample development was used to select officers for
interviews. Findings suggest that the officers' feeling of spiritual
connectedness to his/her culture is inversely related to the strictness of the
enforcement of European-based laws. Findings also suggest Navajo officers
faced additional stressors that are specific to indigenous officers policing
in indigenous communities.
========================================

Title: Women's stories:  Spiritual journeys to her self.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gordon, Carolyn Hearn
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(11-A) Jun 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3962
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study focused on understanding from a
phenomenological perspective what contributes to a woman's understanding and
appreciation of herself and the meanings created by her life, as it is related
to the individuation process, posited to be synonymous with spiritual
development. It begins with the researcher's autobiographical account of her
own process. Ten co-researchers ranging in age from thirty-nine to
seventy-seven years were interviewed on two occasions regarding their
spiritual histories. A working definition of spirituality was not provided but
left open to their interpretation. A composite definition evolved from the
women's personal definitions and experiential process of the subject is:
'Spirituality is the belief in a Divine Source of all creation and the
interconnectedness of everything. It is an inner experience of the Divine
expressed in the creative, loving and purposive way one lives one's life.' 
Data supported seven commonalities as emerging across the life cycle from
childhood through adulthood. They were: (1) The spiritual journey began in
childhood; (2) Identity formation evolved over time; (3) Motherhood and daily
activities were often experienced as sacred moments; (4) A Heroine's Journey
is a process of refining the definition of one's self and includes becoming
the subject of one's life, not only the object of another's; (5) The concept
of God included the Divine Feminine; (6) The journey was always toward
wholeness; and (7) Their lives portrayed belief in a divine source of all
creation, interconnectedness, and the discovery of the Self. Identity
formation evolved over time from society's definition of one's self in
childhood and young adulthood based on roles, to one's own definition of who I
am at mid-life based on recognition of one's individual talents and
uniqueness, to a Transpersonal definition of the Self, in relation to the
Divine and one's being as an integral part of the whole of the universe.
Theoretically, the stories support Jung's concept of individuation, Maslow's
self-actualizing theory, and Huxley's Perennial Philosophy. The women ascribe
to the belief that God is as close to us as our own inner creative process. A
creative synthesis, utilizing Guided Imagery and Music, illustrated the
transpersonal nature of the process as both the journey and the goal.
========================================

Title: Lived experiences that impede or facilitate sexual pleasure and orgasm in
people with spinal cord injury.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tepper, Mitchell Steven
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(11-A) Jun 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3706
Abstract/Review/Citation: There is a dearth of literature on pleasure and orgasm
in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Much of the orgasm literature rules
out the possibility of 'real' orgasm for this population. Recent
neurophysiological studies confirm orgasm in women with SCI but do not explain
why some people with SCI experience pleasure and orgasm while others do not.
This study explored the problem of pleasure and orgasm by focusing on learning
and lived experience of sex before and after injury, and by comparing sexual
knowledge, sexual attitudes, and sexual self-esteem among participants. A
purposive sample of 28 men and 19 women with SCI filled out a set of sexuality
questionnaires. Of the total group, 24 experienced orgasm since injury and 23
never experienced orgasm since injury. Twenty-two of the participants, 12 men
and 10 women, also participated in open-ended interviews. The research design
was grounded in existential phenomenology and incorporated qualitative and
quantitative methods.  There were no significant differences in sexual
information or sexual attitudes as measured on the Derogatis Sexual
Functioning Inventory. Participants who experienced orgasm reported
significantly greater years since injury and scored higher on sexual-esteem
than those who did not. Emergent themes from the qualitative analysis included
sexual response as 'not the same' after injury, concerns about being sexual in
the 'normal' way, and masturbation as 'pointless' leading to the conclusion
'why bother.' There was also an expressed 'need to be with a partner' for safe
sexual exploration and to access optimal sexual pleasure and orgasm. A
distinction was made between types of orgasms.  The results led to the theory
that the ability to experience orgasm in SCI is the culmination of a process
of sexual self-discovery that is reflective of its pattern or expression
before injury within the dominant sexual culture. Implications for
rehabilitation professionals, people with SCI, DSM IV (American Psychiatric
Association, 1994), sexology, and spirituality are considered.
========================================

Title: An application of the sociocultural theory of lev vygotsky to group
interaction and change in the meaning of spiritual concepts in spiritual life
of the minister groups at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ashley, Don Keith
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(11-A) Jun 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3686
Abstract/Review/Citation: Problems. Problem one was to determine the
relationship between the meaning seminary students ascribe to the concepts
addressed in spiritual formation groups and a set of predictor variables:
group member activity, connectedness, and the prestige of the facilitator.
Problem two was to determine the difference between the meaning seminary
students ascribe to key concepts addressed in spiritual formation groups and
the meaning seminary students not involved in these groups attribute to the
same concepts.  Procedures. Group facilitators administered a semantic
differential survey covering the concepts addressed in groups to 454
first-year seminary students. This instrument was administered in a pretest in
August 2000 and a post-test in April 2001. A sociometric survey was
administered during the post-test in April 2001. Of students who submitted
semantic differential surveys, 70.3 percent met the criteria to be included in
the analysis. Complete sociometric data was submitted by 73.1 percent of
groups. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the significance of the
predictor variables on change in semantic differential scores from pretest to
post-test. The one-sample t-test was used to test the significance of the
difference between students who participated in groups and a baseline sample
of 47 students who were not in these groups. Findings and conclusions.
Statistical analysis for problem one revealed no significant predictors of the
change in semantic differential scores. Statistical analysis for problem two
revealed the power of prayer, ministry, and fellowship all increased
significantly while the evaluative dimension of missions decreased
significantly. Additional statistical analysis revealed volunteer facilitators
groups had significantly better attitudes toward the concepts studied than
facilitators who were required to lead groups.
========================================

Title: The power of the drum: A multi-cultural journey into spiritual
transformations and mind-body healing experiences by eight professional women
drummers.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lounsberry, Joyce Beverly
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(11-B) Jun 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 5381
Abstract/Review/Citation: This qualitative research study examined how drumming
is perceived to affect spiritual awareness and explored its physical, mental,
and emotional accompaniments. Eight women representing various cultures
(Brazilian, Germanic, Iranian, Jamaican, Japanese, Jewish, Korean, Native
American, Siberian, and West African), with 9 to 25 years of professional
drumming, told of 1 or more spiritual and mind-body healing experiences
induced by the power of the drum. Using the case study method informed by
organic and feminist approaches, data were collected by a 32-item
questionnaire, individual 2-hour in-depth interviews, and a professional video
of the coresearcher observation group gathering. A thematic analysis indicated
all 8 coresearchers were influenced by the call of the drum, the power of the
drum, transformative changes, spirituality, healing, altered states, cultural
aspects, and community. Five coresearchers experienced sexual awareness from
playing the drum, while only 4 commented about gender issues pertaining to
being a woman drummer. The literature review was substantiated by findings of
psychospiritual experiences that complemented psychophysiological and
psychosocial effects of drumming through identification with ancestral roots,
generating altered states of consciousness, and connection with spiritual
realms. In the world's oldest cultures drumming of rhythms is linked with
spirituality and healing. As we blend modern science with the principles of
spiritual and healing systems, we find validity in how and why these
methods are used in other cultures and traditions. A universally identified
psychosocial theme was the sense of developing a new tradition while honoring
the old ones through combining rhythmic ancestral patterns with those of
modern society. This study suggests that the drum is a universal tool capable
of initiating and contributing to healing and transformative change throughout
and among all world cultures.
========================================

Title: Religion, spirituality and coping in individuals with prior exposure to
trauma.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sewell, Kenneth Bates
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(11-B) Jun 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 5391
Abstract/Review/Citation: The current study examined the impact of religious and
spiritual coping techniques, religious attitudes, and cognitive processing
deficits on measures of psychological distress and well being in individuals
with prior exposure to trauma and extreme stressors. Previous research has
found that the use of religious and spiritual coping techniques is often
related to improved psychological functioning above and beyond that accounted
for by the use of traditional coping strategies. The present study expands on
prior research by examining the combined predictive utility of several
different measures of spirituality and religion in a heterogeneous sample of
persons with prior trauma exposure, and by evaluating the role of cognitive
processing deficits in a sample with widely varying histories of prior trauma
exposure. Ninety-six college students with prior exposure to a traumatic event
were recruited from several undergraduate psychology classes, and asked to
complete questionnaires assessing demographic variables, trauma exposure,
coping, religious and spiritual attitudes and behaviors, psychological
well-being, and distress. Thirty-four of the original 96 participants
completed a modified Stroop task to assess cognitive interference to 'threat'
words.  Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that spiritual
and intrinsic religious variables were generally the best predictors of
well-being, distress, and resilience. Negative religious coping and intrinsic
religiousness were also significant predictors of psychological distress.
Significantly greater response latencies and processing interference were
found in the threat-word condition of the Stroop task.  The findings from the
current study are consistent with the extant literature and clearly support
the utility of spiritual and religious variables for predicting both
well-being and distress. In addition, the computed resilience score appears to
have promise for evaluating an individual's response to trauma.
========================================

Title: Examining the contribution of ethnic attitudes, collective self-esteem,
and spirituality to delinquent behavioral outcomes among Cambodian
adolescents:  An ex\ploratory study.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ko, Susanna Jean
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(11-B) Jun 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 5379
Abstract/Review/Citation: This exploratory study examined how cultural variables
(i.e., ethnic attitudes, collective self-esteem, and spirituality) added to
the prediction of delinquent behavioral outcomes for a sample of 72 Cambodian1
adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 years. These factors were considered:
alongside risk factors (i.e., family relations, parental supervision, peer school experience, neighborhood safety, and view of opportunity structure) that have been correlated with delinquency in previous studies (Battistich & Hom, 1997; Coulton, Korbin, & Su, 1996; Jang & Smith, 1997; Oyserman & Saltz, 1993; Spoth, Yoo, Kahn, & Redmond,
1996). Four hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regressions and analyses
of variance: (1) Similar to majority youth, higher levels of delinquency
(i.e., engaging in a higher number of delinquent activities) are associated
with a higher level of family conflict, a lower level of parental supervision,
lower level of peer refusal skills, a more negative school experience, higher
perception of neighborhoods as unsafe, and a more negative view of opportunity
among Cambodian youth. (2) Insular ethnic attitudes, low collective
self-esteem, and lower spirituality are negatively associated with level of
delinquency among Cambodian youth. (3) The inclusion of culturally relevant
variables (i.e. ethnic attitudes, collective self-esteem, and spirituality)
with those variables traditionally associated with the prediction of
delinquency (i.e., family relations, parental supervision, peer refusal
skills, school experience, neighborhood safety, and view of opportunity)
better predict delinquent behaviors among Cambodian youth than when
considering traditional variables alone. (4) Given the hierarchical ordering
of gender and role relationships in Cambodian culture, males and females
differ in the constellation of risk factors that are related to delinquent
behavioral outcomes. Participants were asked to complete self-report measures
of demographic information, ethnic attitudes, collective self-esteem, family
relations, parental supervision, peer refusal skills, school experience,
neighborhood safety, spirituality, view of opportunity/goals, and delinquent
behaviors. Results indicated some support for all study hypotheses.
Implications for future research and interventions are discussed. 
1'Cambodian' ethnicity encompassed any individual with at least partial
Cambodian ethnic heritage.
========================================

Title: Individual differences in posttraumatic growth following bone marrow
transplantation.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Widows, Michelle Renee
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(11-B) Jun 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 5398
Abstract/Review/Citation: Prior research suggests that the diagnosis and
treatment of cancer can result in the experience of positive outcomes, or
positive growth. Based on Schaefer and Moos' (1992) model of adaptation of
life crises, the current study examined the predictive utility of personality
traits, coping, and social support in accounting for variability in
posttraumatic growth and whether trauma appraisals, social constraint, and
mental health were associated with the degree of posttraumatic growth in
cancer patients who had undergone bone marrow transplantation. Participants
were 53 females and 19 males treated with BMT an average of 24 months
previously. Qualitative reports of posttraumatic growth were assessed through
a structured clinical interview. Quantitative reports of posttraumatic growth
and other psychosocial variables were assessed using standardized self-report
measures. Results indicated that 97% of BMT recipients reported at least one
positive outcome associated with their cancer and its treatment, with
participants reporting an average of four positive changes. Univariate
analyses confirmed predictions that increased posttraumatic growth would be
associated with more negative appraisals of the hospitalization for BMT and
greater use of approach-based coping strategies. Exploratory univariate
analyses also indicated that increased posttraumatic growth was also
associated with increased spirituality, decreased depression, a more
negatively biased recollection of pre-transplant psychological distress,
younger age, and less education (p's le; .05). Regression analyses indicated
that appraisal of emotional distress during transplant and pre-BMT avoidant
coping accounted for significant (p le; .05) variability in posttraumatic
growth scores above and beyond relevant demographic and medical variables.
Results of the current study provide preliminary evidence of the occurrence of
posttraumatic growth among patients treated for cancer and the relationship
between psychosocial variables and post-traumatic growth. These findings
highlight the need for further studies in this area and possible interventions
aimed at facilitating post-traumatic growth.
========================================

Title: Cultivating the self:  Therapeutic and social purposes of retreats in
Japan.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lewellen, Tracy Lee
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(11-B) Jun 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 5409
Abstract/Review/Citation: By analyzing the therapeutic and social purposes of
Japanese spiritual retreats, this paper presents an examination of the ongoing
discourse between individualistic and relational aspects of self. It is argued
that Confucian and Buddhist ideologies contribute to a unique synergy of
social embeddedness and personal responsibility inherent in Japanese ideals of
selfhood. These belief systems, and their endurance or modification via
ongoing contact with the West, form the crux of this inquiry into the
expression and experience of selfhood in Japan.  The literature reviewed is
interdisciplinary, drawing from psychology, anthropology, sociology,
philosophy, and literature. With close attention to historical context, each  category frames the investigation of retreat ideologies and techniques.
Examples drawn from Morita and naikan psychotherapy supplement the data
provided by the retreat ethnographies.  The study offers an alternative to the
ideals of autonomous individualism found in many Western psychotherapeutic
models. It is argued that insight into Japanese notions of an ideal or moral
self will broaden clinical perspectives regarding how the self may be
experienced. In particular, the concept of a transcendental relational self is
considered. This concept involves an expansion of the self to one which is
highly concerned with human relationships while also committed to more
transcendent views extending beyond this-worldly or socially-prescribed
structures.
========================================

Title: The influence of spiritual "meaning-making" on career behavior.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lips-Wiersma, Marjolein
Source/Citation: Journal of Management Development; Vol 21(7) 2002, England: MCB
Univ Press; 2002, 497 - 520
Abstract/Review/Citation: Presents the results of a participative
psycho-biographical study that investigated the effect of spirituality on
career behavior. Interviewees were 16 adults (aged 40-50 yrs). This study
shows that spirituality influences career purpose, sense-making and coherence.
Spirituality was found to inspire 4 purposes of "developing and becoming
self", "unity with others", "expressing self", and "serving others". Spirituality was also found to influence an ongoing process of sense-making through discovering, prioritizing and balancing the 4 purposes over a lifespan, in response to ongoing tensions
between "being" and "doing" as well as "self- vs other-orientation". Spirituality furthermore influences perceived career-coherence as individuals align their careers with perceived spiritual orderings outside of themselves. The paper concludes with suggestions for practice and future research.
========================================

Title: Do patients expect psychiatrists to be interested in spiritual issues?
Author(s)/Editor(s): D'Souza, Russell
Source/Citation: Australasian Psychiatry; Vol 10(1) Mar 2002, Australia:
Blackwell Science Asia; 2002, 44-47
Abstract/Review/Citation: Reports on a pilot study surveying the spiritual
attitudes and needs of patients with a psychiatric illness at the Centre of
Excellence in Remote and Rural Psychological Medicine, Broken Hill Base
Hospital, NSW. A questionnaire consisting of 6 questions was completed by 79
patients (aged 17-71 yrs). It was found that 79% of the patients rated
spirituality as very important and 82% thought their therapists should be
aware of their spiritual beliefs and needs. 69% of the patients reported that
patients spiritual needs should be considered by the therapist in treating
their psychological illness and 67% said that their spirituality helped them
cope with their psychological pain. The majority of patients said spirituality
was important to them and that they wanted their therapist to take their
spiritual needs into consideration in the assessment and management of their
illness.
========================================

Title: Quest and identity development: Re-examining pathways for existential
search.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Klaassen, Derrick W.; McDonald, Marvin J.
Author Affiliation: Trinity Western U, Counselling Psychology Program, Langley,
BC, Canada
Source/Citation: International Journal for the Psychology of Religion; Vol 12(3)
Jul 2002, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002, 189-200
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article examines key assumptions underlying quest
as a mature religious orientation rooted in existential struggles. Quest is
posited by C. D. Batson and his colleagues to be an inherently meaningful
search in the face of life's challenges. Moreover, Quest is seen to operate
across the lifespan independently of the developmental search for identity.
Accordingly, quest's relationships with key variables should be mediated by
personal meaning but not by identity development. P. T. P. Wong's Personal
Meaning Profile and G. R. Adams's Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity
Status were used to explore mediation of the relationship between quest (as
measured by the Quest scale) and spiritual well-being (as measured by the
Spiritual Well-Being Scale [SWBS]). The Quest-SWBS relation was partially
mediated by personal meaning and identity development in a sample of 160
Christian university students (aged 18-25 yrs). These results and their
implications for quest are discussed in light of J. E. Marcia's identity
status theory and Wong's model of personal meaning.
========================================

Title: Development of the Spiritual Transcendence Index.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Seidlitz, Larry; Abernethy, Alexis D.; Duberstein, Paul R.; Evinger, James S.; Chang, Theresa H.; Lewis, Bar'bara L.
Author Affiliation: Fuller Theological Seminary, Graduate School of Psychology,
Pasadena, CA, US U Rochester Medical Ctr, Rochester, NY, US U Rochester
Medical Ctr, School of Nursing, Dept of Medical Humanities, Rochester, NY, US
U Rochester, Rochester, US
Source/Citation: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion; Vol 41(3) Sep
2002, US: Blackwell Publishers; 2002, 439-453
Abstract/Review/Citation: In response to calls from the scientific community for
improved conceptualizations and measures of spirituality, this study describes
the concept of "spiritual transcendence" and the development of the
Spiritual Transcendence Index (STI). Spiritual transcendence refers to a
perceived experience of the sacred that affects one's self-perception,
feelings, goals, and ability to transcend one's difficulties. The STI is an
eight-item measure of this construct developed and refined based on rational
considerations, input from three focus groups, (at least 18 years of age) of
religious leaders, and a reciprocal process of empirically testing the item
pool and revising it across six successive surveys. The final scale, together
with measures of related constructs, was tested in 220 randomly selected
community residents. Although further study of the scale is needed, the STI
demonstrated high consistency and validity across several samples in these
initial exploratory studies.
========================================

Title: Pathways to long-term recovery from alcohol dependence: Comparison of
spontaneous remitters and AA members.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kubicek, Kenneth R.; Morgan, Oliver J.; Morrison, Nancy C.
Author Affiliation: U Scranton, Scranton, PA, US St Louis U, St Louis, MO, US
Source/Citation: Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly; Vol 20(2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 71-81
Abstract/Review/Citation: This descriptive qualitative pilot study explored like
attributes of successful recovery among 13 alcoholics (8 women and 5 men, aged
33-68 yrs) with six or more years of continuous sobriety. Seven subjects were
current members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Six subjects were spontaneous
remitters (SA) chosen through convenience sampling techniques; these persons
achieved and maintain stable, long-term recovery without the assistance of a
support group. Open-ended questions about attributes that contribute to
successful recovery were posed to these participants. Common attributes and
themes were identified as these recovering alcoholics: utilized the help of
supportive people, accepted help from God or a Higher Power, had a strong
desire to get well, strove to be honest with self and built self confidence,
and remembered the negative consequences of their past alcohol abuse.
Implications for treatment and further research are suggested. The spiritual
attributes listed by both groups of participants as important for successful
recovery are noted.
========================================

Title: Enhancing family therapy with analytical psychology.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hill, E. Wayne
Source/Citation: Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal; Vol
24(3) Sep 2002, US: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002, 437-456
Abstract/Review/Citation: In a postmodern era of changing values and competing
world views this article suggests that analytical psychology can enter the
epistemological debate and speak to contemporary family therapy. Key concepts
and contributions are examined and highlighted with an emphasis on their
relevance for enhancing the field of family therapy. Individuation is
discussed in light of Jung's analytical treatment stages, which include
confession, explanation, education, and transformation. The relevance for
family therapy is illustrated throughout the article as each treatment stage
is explicated. Jung's emphasis on the spiritual is also discussed with
implications for the importance of recognizing and attending to issues of
spirituality in family therapy.
========================================

Title: The sanctification of dreams: Prevalence and implications.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Phillips, Russell E. 33; Pargament, Kenneth I.
Author Affiliation: Bowling Green State U, Psychology Dept, Bowling Green, OH, US
Source/Citation: Dreaming: Journal of the Association for the Study of Dreams;
Vol 12(3) Sep 2002, US: Kluwer Academic; 2002, 141-153
Abstract/Review/Citation: Many scientists and practitioners have debated about
the function of dreams. Though some researchers have described dreams as
purposeless random neuronal firings, others have suggested that dreams serve
an adaptive function with certain dream characteristics having positive
implications. Drawing on other studies of sanctification, this study examines
whether imbuing a dream with qualities of the sacred relates to beneficial
outcomes. An examination of a college student sample of 168 found that the
more sacred the dream was perceived, the more beneficial the outcome reported
from a stressful life event which related to the dream. These outcomes include
less negative affect and more positive affect, psychological and spiritual
growth. Sanctification of dreams predicted these outcome variables over and
above other religious measures as well as dream measures. The implications of
these findings are discussed.
========================================

Title: Introduction: Attaining a new stage.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Commons, Michael Lamport
Source/Citation: Journal of Adult Development; Vol 9(3) Jul 2002, US: Kluwer
Academic; 2002, 155-157
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article introduces the reader to the special
issue. The articles in this issue address one of the threads of adult
development, namely stage and stage change. There are four major forms of
adult developmental study that can be identified: positive adult development,
directionless change, stasis, and decline. The first of the four forms,  positive adult developmental processes, is divided into at least six areas of
study: hierarchical complexity (orders, stages), knowledge, experience,
expertise, wisdom, and spirituality. The topic of this special issue, stage
and stage change, is therefore part of the study of positive adult
developmental processes. Finally, the manner in which these topics are studied
both in this special issue and elsewhere can be characterized in terms of
three broad classifications for the acquisition of knowledge and the
verification of truth in general. These classifications include analytic,
experiential, and empirical means to reach truth.
========================================

Title: Religious psychiatry: The Canadian experience.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Baetz, Marilyn; Larson, David B.; Marcoux, Gene; Jokic, Ruzica; Bowen, Rudy
Author Affiliation: U Saskatchewan, Dept of Psychiatry, Saskatoon, SK, Canada U
Saskatchewan, Dept of Psychiatry, Saskatoon, SK, Canada U Saskatchewan, Dept
of Psychiatry, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Source/Citation: Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease; Vol 190(8) Aug 2002,
US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002, 557-558
Abstract/Review/Citation: This survey examined a group of religious
psychiatrists practicing in Canada. It assessed their views about the
spiritual dimension in their patient's lives, and to what extent they might
utilize different clinical approaches for those who do (or do not) identify
their spiritual beliefs as important. 35 members of the Christian Medical and
Dental Society responded. The use of the Bible for guidance and prayer by the
patient was considered a relevant part of therapy for believing patients, but
was not recommended to the exclusion of medication or insight-oriented
psychotherapy. The psychiatrists were more likely to recommend Bible reading
and prayer as adjuncts to traditional treatments for patients of like faith.
Bible and prayer were perceived as more useful when medication was not
effective. 80% of the psychiatrists regularly make spiritual inquiry, and most
felt that religion helped make them to be more caring.
========================================

Title: Family abuse and the Bible:  The scriptural perspective.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Cassiday-Shaw, Aimee K.
Source/Citation: New York, NY, US: Haworth Press, Inc.; 2002, (xii, 144)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This book is intended to guide and offer hope to
Christian women in abusive relationships. According to the author, it aims to
show that abuse is not the will of God and that submission to violence may be
giving in to demonic forces. The author believes that the information/tools in
this book may free Christian women from abuse, while leaving them with an
intact source of strength in their faith.
Notes/Comments:  Foreword [by] Catherine Clark Kroeger Preface Section I: God's design for family relationships The roles of marriage: Headship and submission The nature of woman: Woman as the vulnerable partner The nature of man: Man as the responsible partner God's design for parenthood: Spare not the rod The child's role: The fifth commandment Section II: The enemy in our relationships The root of the war Satan's plan: Spiritual warfare on the homefront Satan's strategies, character, and nature Section III: Manifestations of demonic influence: The hard truth about family violence
Some facts about domestic violence: Till death do us part? The five types of
abuse Demonic possession and oppression The abusive spouse: Why abuse
continues The abused spouse: Spiritual justifications for abuse Section IV:
God's plans and instructions for a troubled relationship Spiritual armor The
accountability of the abuser: Repentance and forgiveness The accountability of
the abused: Accepting leadership The believer and divorce Rewards of
faithfulness: The redemption of Ruth References Additional resources
Suggesting reading Index God; Christian women; abusive relationships; demonic
forces; violence; faith; scripture
========================================

Title: Ethical considerations in the integration of religion and psychotherapy:
Three perspectives.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lomax, James W. 22; Karff, Samuel; McKenny, Gerald P.
Author Affiliation: U Texas Health Science Ctr, Houston, TX, US U Notre Dame,
Dept of Theology, Notre Dame, IN, US
Source/Citation: Psychiatric Clinics of North America; Vol 25(3) Sep 2002, US:
WB Saunders; 2002, 547-559
Abstract/Review/Citation: The past decade has seen a huge increase in interest
about the relationship of spirituality and religion to healing and health. At
both medical student and resident levels, physicians are encouraged to include
an understanding of their patients' religious and spiritual lives in their
efforts to assess and treat them comprehensively. Although the 3 authors
endorse this new trend in medical education and healthcare, they caution that
imbalance of power and the force of transferential phenomena in the
physician-patient relationship necessitate that special care be given when
integrating materials about a patient's religious or spiritual life into
healthcare interventions of all sorts and, particularly into psychotherapeutic
relationships. This article offers ethical, psychodynamic, and spiritual
perspectives to physicians attempting to integrate religious content into
psychotherapeutic relationships.
========================================

Title: The personal and social correlates of spiritual well-being among primary
school teachers.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Fisher, John W.; Francis, Leslie J.; Johnson, Peter
Author Affiliation: U Wales, Welsh National Ctr for Religious Education, Bangor,
Wales U Wales, Welsh National Ctr for Religious Education, Bangor, Wales
Source/Citation: Pastoral Psychology; Vol 51(1) Sep 2002, US: Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002, 3-11
Abstract/Review/Citation: A sample of 311 primary school teacher, (of whom 28%
were under 41 yrs of age; 50% were between 41 and 50 yrs; 22% were between 51
and 60 yrs; and 10% were over the age of 60 yrs), completed the Spiritual
Health in Four Domains Index alongside the abbreviated revised Eysenck
Personality Questionnaire and measures of religiosity. The data demonstrates
that higher levels of spiritual health are found among older teachers who
record low scores on the psychoticism scale and who practice religious faith
through church attendance and personal prayer.
========================================

Title: Resisting plateauing:  An exploratory study of teacher resiliency in four
veteran secondary teachers.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ahrens, Patricia
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(12-A) 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 4038
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to
describe and interpret the lived career experiences of four veteran secondary
teachers and their ability to resist plateauing. The four teachers represented
the disciplines of science, English, social studies, and family and consumer
sciences at the junior high and senior high level. They were chosen to
participate in this study based on the information provided by key informants.
The key informants described these teachers as being educators who were
enthusiastic about their work and continued to grow as professionals.
Qualitative research was utilized as the means to investigate and depict the
meanings these teachers attached to their career experiences. The procedure of
inquiry employed in this study was an analysis of three in-depth
phenomenological interviews for each participant.  Through the analysis of the
interview data themes emerged for each participant. They included affirmation,
autonomy, change, collegiality, leadership, professional development,
resiliency traits, spirituality, support systems, and workload. The data were
then looked at across the cases and the teachers where compared and contrasted
in the following areas: (a) career cycles, (b) affirmation, (c) leadership,
(d) support systems, (e) workload, (f) resiliency traits, and (g) how they
each differed. Seven assertions were amassed from this study. First, the
career cycles of these teachers were recursive and not linear in nature. The
teachers' personal and organizational environments influenced their movements
in and out of the various career stages. Second, affirmation, in the form of
being assigned important organizational tasks, enhanced the enthusiasm of
these teachers. Third, the leadership these teachers encountered impacted
their enthusiasm and professional growth. When they felt trusted and when they
were given more professional autonomy, their enthusiasm rose and they grew
professionally. When they felt controlled, their enthusiasm waned. Fourth,
interactions with colleagues promoted professional growth and enhanced their
enthusiasm. Having the chance to interact with colleagues decreased their
feelings of isolation, and increased their professional growth. Fifth, the
teachers' individual support systems played a vital role in their abilities to
bounce back from their career frustrations. All four teachers found ways to
affirm and validate themselves as professionals. Sixth, their workload
impacted their enthusiasm. When the teachers perceived themselves to be
overwhelmed by their workload, their enthusiasm for teaching decreased.
Seventh, resiliency traits aided these teachers when they were faced with
adversity. All four teachers possessed many of the resiliency characteristics
discussed in the empirical which they drew upon during the difficult periods
during their careers.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and couples therapy:  Ethnographic perspectives from therapy
experiences.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Coffey, Adam Daniel
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(12-B) 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International; 2002,
5957
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this study was to examine couples' and
practitioners' perspectives on spirituality in couples therapy, which
perspectives may inform practitioners, educators, and researchers in their
professional activities. Using ethnography as the data-collection method, the
investigator interviewed 12 participants (i.e., 3 couples and 6 practitioners)
regarding their individual and collective therapy experiences. Participants
co-created the interviews from four research and 13 interview questions. 
Results revealed the following data: Spirituality related to couples therapy
through (a) perceptions held by practitioners, (b) experiences noted by
couples, and (c) open exchanges among participants. With the exception of one
couple, all participants viewed spirituality as central to their therapeutic
experiences. Additionally, all participants identified spirituality as
additive to the process and outcome of their practice or experiences in
couples therapy. In conclusion, recognizing spirituality both implicitly and
explicitly while working with couples improves therapeutic quality.
========================================

Title: Spirituality as a multicultural consideration: Implications for practice
and training.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Martin-Causey, Tamara
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(12-B) 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International; 2002,
5972
Abstract/Review/Citation: Psychology and religion share a long history in the
understanding of human behavior. It is only recently with the advent of the
scientific revolution that the two were split with psychology being the domain
of an objectified, measured science and religion being the domain of
philosophy. As the field becomes more aware of multicultural issues and how to
provide services from this perspective, spirituality/religiosity is becoming
more of an issue. Psychologists and clients are realizing its importance in
the therapeutic process although there is not a clear understanding of how to
incorporate this into treatment. Some research indicates that psychologists
are not as spiritual or religious as their clients and some research questions
the validity of such claims due to the constructs used. Research in this area
is relatively new. The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported
differences between primarily academic and primarily practicing psychologists
in terms of their level of spirituality, willingness to introduce the topic of
spirituality/religiosity and willingness to talk about this topic if the
client introduces it. The variables age, years of experience, ethnicity, and
gender were also correlated with the above variables. Results from the
Spirituality Assessment Scale, INSPIRIT, and the I/E-Revised were examined to
determine if they were measuring the same construct.  Results show an
interesting trend among counseling psychologists in that psychologists appear
to be embracing more eastern traditions at a greater rate than the general
public. This research indicates that gender, ethnicity, age and years of work
experience and type of work setting were not predictors of the psychologist's
willingness to introduce the topic of spirituality into the session or either
talk about spirituality if the client introduces it. There was no difference
between primarily academic and primarily practicing psychologists level of
spirituality as assessed by the Spirituality Assessment Scale. Primarily
practicing psychologists and primarily academic psychologists expressing
higher levels of spirituality were more willing to introduce the topic of
spirituality and talk about the topic when the client introduces it when
measured by the SAS and INSPIRIT.  The SAS and the INSPIRIT are highly
correlated. Both instruments measure the construct of spirituality as a
separate construct from religiosity. However, psychologists did not score
higher on the SAS than on the I/E-Revised and Single Item Scales independent
of level of setting as predicted. This makes sense when one considers the
stronger eastern religious influence among psychologists today. The term
religion appears to not have the same negative connotation as it once did.
This may be due to participants being more willing to consider themselves
religious when possessing a non-traditional, non-Western religious belief
system.
========================================

Title: The lived experience of personal and spiritual integration through a
process of transpersonal psychoanalysis.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Piraino, Jan L.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(12-B) 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International; 2002,
5976
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of my study was to describe the lived
experience of personal and spiritual integration while individuals are engaged
in a process of transpersonal psychoanalysis. I used a recursive
hermeneutic-phenomenological model of qualitative research to investigate the
experience from the perspective of the participants. The participants were
self-selected from my clinical transpersonal psychoanalytical practice. My
objective was to capture a 'thick' description of the experience. Each
participant collaborated in the construction of a personal narrative
reflecting his or her own individual experiences. I described the aggregate
experience in a text based on a thematic analysis of the common themes and
unique aspects that emerged from two open-ended interviews and from a journal
on tape with each participant. I used a multiple narrative design (5
narratives) as the primary source of data and analyzed the data in 2 distinct
stages. The descriptive phase includes a description of the participants'
lived experiences. The interpretive text consists of the integration of the
findings. The result of the cross narrative analysis was the discovery of 6
major themes, 3 minor themes and 3 additional aspects of significant but
lesser scope.  I found that the lived experiences of personal and spiritual
integration while individuals are engaged in a process of transpersonal
psychoanalysis (a) were conducted within 2 general states of waking
consciousness simultaneously and were known as internal and external reality;
(b) that the process was accessed through a transpersonal space; (c) that I
maintained the transpersonal space through connection to Spirit; (d) that
growth occurred through a process of energetic interpretation; (e) that this
process facilitated alignment with the authentic self, and that (f) comfort,
safety, acknowledgment, validation and love are essential elements of
Transpersonal Psychoanalysis. In addition, the minor themes included the
presence of the following: (a) separation, limitation and consensus reality,
(b) the bridge, and (c) the leap of faith. Additional aspects were: (a) spirit
guides, (b) guidance, (c) and resonance. In addition, the essential form of
the lived experience of personal and spiritual integration occurring through a
process of transpersonal psychoanalysis also emerged.  Some participants
suggested that personal and spiritual integration occurring through a process
of transpersonal psychoanalysis does enhance growth, psychological health, and
human wholeness. The implications of this study are that these lived
experiences encourage the blending of both realms of consciousness, yield a
change in the way reality is viewed, support the individual's pursuit of
activities and goals previously unavailable to the individual, and contribute
to deeply felt life experience. In addition, my study uniquely provides for
the practical application and techniques necessary to encourage this journey
on the mystical path of self-discovery.
========================================

Title: Chronic illness in context:  Examining sociocultural factors in women's
experience of lupus .
Author(s)/Editor(s): Zeddies, Andrea Mcbride
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(12-B) 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International; 2002,
5985
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study examines the influences of sociocultural
factors such as gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and emotional
expression as they are related to psychological adjustment and physical
symptomatology of the lupus disease. A major purpose of the study was to find
the voices of women with this disease who have been previously
underrepresented in research, including African American, Latina, and Native
American women. This qualitative investigation consisted of semi-structured
interviews with 14 ethnically diverse women with lupus and participant
observation of two lupus support group meetings. Data collection and analysis
were guided by an interpretive framework, in which primary attention was given
to the meanings the participants ascribed to their experiences as well as my
own interpretations. A feminist grounded theory analysis was the primary means
by which the data was evaluated and interpreted. The qualitative analysis was
organized around three main areas of experiential inquiry: (a) the process by
which the women's identity and roles are negotiated and transformed; (b)
issues of power and control that are linked both to self-experience and
experiences in the surrounding social environment; and (c) the nature of
coping and stages involved in the coping process. Other major themes that
emerged in the data included experiences in interfacing with the medical
establishment, negotiating social relationships, ethnic differences with
regard to the expression of emotion, and the role of religion and spirituality
in the healing process. The dissertation advocates an interactionist approach
to the study of health and illness, in which the interplay of mind, body,
emotion, and culture is viewed as crucial to examining women's experience of
lupus. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for theory,
research, and practice as well as for a feminist-hermeneutic ontology which
allows psychology to acknowledge a deeper sense of the historical and social
character of human living.
========================================

Title: Individuation and subtle body:  A commentary on Jung's kundalini seminar
(Carl G. Jung).
Author(s)/Editor(s): Seeman, Gary W.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(12-B) 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International; 2002,
5947
Abstract/Review/Citation: In 1932, C. G. Jung and J. W. Hauer presented a
seminar series on the psychology of Kundalini yoga. Throughout these lectures,
Jung used Kundalini yoga symbolism to extend the symbolic range of his
analytical psychology. He and Hauer also discussed many concepts from Indian
philosophy. Some of their comments have been criticized for misinterpreting
Kundalini yoga. Others have raised controversy, especially Jung's many
warnings about dangers to Westerners who attempt yoga practices. Using a
dialogic, hermeneutic method, this study compares Jung's commentaries about
Kundalini yoga with a Kundalini yoga practitioner's perspective. To help
bridge these disciplines, it addresses the following research questions: (1)
How does personal transformation guided by analytical psychology resemble or
differ from personal transformation in Kundalini yoga? (2) What controversies
have been raised by Jung's commentaries and interpretations of Kundalini yoga
texts? (3) How did these controversies arise from personal, cultural, and
practice perspectives? (4) Can some of these controversies be settled? (5)
What insights or wisdom does each of these disciplines contribute to the
other?  To answer these questions, the hermeneutic discipline guides the
researcher in exploring the cultural and historical perspectives of analytical
psychology and Kundalini yoga. It identifies issues raised by Jung's critics
and presents the evolution of his psychology and its core concepts throughout
his mature career. A depth of context is created by addressing (a) Jung's
relationship with Indian spirituality, (b) his individuation construct, (c) a
cross-cultural review of subtle body symbolism and its evolution, and (d)
Kundalini yoga as described by practitioners. This study concludes by
presenting findings in response to the research questions and suggesting
topics for other studies, including a survey of current methods for measuring
human bio-fields, and creation of a subtle energy model of psychological
transformation.
========================================

Title: An exploration of the relationship of openness, emotional intelligence,
and spirituality to universal-diverse orientation.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Anderson, Angela Leslie
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(12-B) 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International; 2002,
5992
Abstract/Review/Citation: Scope and method of study. The purpose of this study
was to explore the relationship between spirituality, openness to experience,
and emotional intelligence and in particular, their capacity to predict
Universal-Diverse Orientation. This was done within the framework of
Dabrowski's theory of emotional development. Demographic variables including
gender, age, and level of education were also explored. Participants in the
study were 197 undergraduate and 119 graduate students (N = 316) at a
university in the Midwestern United States. All participants completed a
demographic questionnaire, the Miville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale,
the Emotional Intelligence Scale, the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, and the
Spiritual Beliefs and Involvement Scale. Data were analyzed using correlative
analysis and stepwise regression analysis.  Findings and conclusions.
Participants who had higher levels of Openness to Experience, Spirituality,
and Emotional Intelligence scored higher on Universal-Diverse Orientation, a
scale measuring the social attitude of appreciating both similarities and
differences between people. These findings were predicted within Dabrowski's
theory of emotional development which suggests that personality structure
disintegrates between levels of development, with the highest level
approaching universality as described in this study. Thirty-five percent of
the variance in Universal-Diverse Orientation is accounted for by
spirituality, emotional intelligence, and openness to experience. All
variables were significant in the regression formula. Correlation coefficients
between the variables and UDO were .333 for Emotional Intelligence, .533 for
Openness to Experience, and .442 for Spirituality. No statistically
significant findings resulted from tests of the demographic variables. The
study includes applications for teachers, counselors and parents interested in
ways to increase spirituality, emotional intelligence, and openness to
experience.
========================================

Title: Religious participation, spirituality, and coping among African American
college students.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Constantine, Madonna G.; Wilton, Leo; Gainor, Kathy A.; Lewis, Erica L.
Author Affiliation: Binghamton U, US Montclair State U, Montclair, NJ, US
Columbia U, Teachers Coll, New York, NY, US
Source/Citation: Journal of College Student Development; Vol 43(5) Sep-Oct 2002,
US: ACPA Executive Office; 2002, 605-613
Abstract/Review/Citation: The authors explored the relationships among religious
participation, spirituality, Africultural coping styles, and religious
problem-solving styles in a sample of 144 African American college students
(aged 17-29 yrs). Results revealed that religious participation and
spirituality accounted for significant variance in aspects of Africultural
coping styles and religious problem-solving styles. Implications of the
findings for college and university counseling center personnel are discussed.
========================================

Title: Making space: Spirituality and mental health.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Liebrich, Julie
Source/Citation: Mental Health, Religion & Culture; Vol 5(2) Jul 2002,
United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis/Carfax Publishing; 2002, 143-162
Abstract/Review/Citation: In this lecture, the author puts in a plea--as a
survivor of mental illness--for considering both spirituality and mental
health in terms of the experience of the self. The value of communication,
particularly by sharing experiences via personal stories, is discussed. The
author goes on to contrast communication and control, and to emphasize the
importance of making space in order to accept our own and others'
imperfections and vulnerabilities. Attention is drawn to the work of H. Baruk
(1978, 1998, 1999, 2000). Also discussed is the way in which mental illness
can lead to spiritual progress and ultimately to mental health.
========================================

Title: Beyond dogmatism: The need for closure as related to religion.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Saroglou, Vassilis
Source/Citation: Mental Health, Religion & Culture; Vol 5(2) Jul 2002,
United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis/Carfax Publishing; 2002, 183-194
Abstract/Review/Citation: Hypothesized that religiosity and religious
fundamentalism are positively associated with the need for closure, and this
relationship applies to all facets of the need for closure construct except
decisiveness. 239 university students were administered the Need for Closure
Scale (NFCS), the Religious Fundamentalism Scale, and a 2-dimensional
religiosity scale. Data show that religious fundamentalism was positively
correlated with the total NFCS, preference for order and predictability.
Classic religiosity predicted high need for closure (all facets except
decisiveness). However, spirituality-emotional religion was associated with
low close-mindedness and low decisiveness but still high discomfort with
ambiguity. Discussion includes arguments favoring the usefulness of the need
for closure construct for understanding many aspects of religious personality
(e.g. dogmatism, authoritarianism, prejudice, multiple conversions,
distinction between permanence in order-closure, and urgency for closure).
========================================

Title: Hellenism and Jewish nationalism: Ambivalence and its ancient roots.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Leoussi, Athena S.; Aberbach, David
Author Affiliation: McGill U, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Source/Citation: Ethnic & Racial Studies; Vol 25(5) Sep 2002, United
Kingdom: Taylor & Francis/Routledge; 2002, 755-777
Abstract/Review/Citation: This essay sketches the ambivalent relationship of
Hebraism and Hellenism from ancient times to the foundation of modern Israel.
It analyses classical Greek influence on the Jewish Enlightenment (the
Haskalah) and modern Jewish nationalism, particularly as reflected in Hebrew
literature. Greece's successful struggle for independence from Ottoman Turkey
in the 1820s showed the early Zionists that an ancient nation could be
resurrected. Also, the ancient Greek ideal of physical education, revived in
nineteenth-century Europe, radically transformed both Christian and Jewish
attitudes to the body, giving rise to two related movements, "muscular
Christianity" and "muscular Judaism". As the assimilationist attempts of the Haskalah broke down in the late nineteenth century under the burden of anti-Semitism and European racial nationalism, "muscular Judaism" was incorporated into Zionism. Jewish nationalists largely rejected rabbinic spirituality, nonbelligerence and the disdain for
athleticism which had dominated Jewish life after Rome destroyed the Jewish
state in 70 CE.
========================================

Title: Beyond therapy: Music, spirituality, and health in human experience: A
review of the literature.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lipe, Anne W.
Source/Citation: Journal of Music Therapy; Vol 39(3) Fal 2002, US: American
Music Therapy Assn; 2002, 209-240
Abstract/Review/Citation: In the current healthcare environment, there is a
growing interest in the relationship between spirituality and health. The
connections between music and both medicine and religious experience are
well-established, but little is known about how the musical and spiritual
aspects of human experience work together to influence well-being. A review of
the healthcare literature from 1973-2000 identified 52 published reports on
the topic of music, spirituality, and health. The majority of the papers were
narrative descriptions or case studies, and appear within a variety of
clinical contexts. 52% of the authors were credentialed music therapists.
Examination of the literature indicated that many papers used terms and
concepts associated with both spirituality and health interchangeably, which
might lend support to the basic interconnectedness of these two aspects of
being. The function of music across the literature was explored, and a
transformational model of music experience derived from the literature is
proposed. Based on the findings of the review, several conclusions about the
future role of music in spirituality and health are drawn, and recommendations
for further research are offered.
========================================

Title: Central role of hypothalamic digoxin in conscious perception,
neuroimmunoendocrine integration, and coordination of cellular function:
Relationship to hemispheric dominance.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kurup, Ravi Kumar; Kurup, Parameswara Achutha
Author Affiliation: Metabolic Disorders Research Ctr, Kerala, India
Source/Citation: International Journal of Neuroscience; Vol 112(6) Jun 2002,
United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis; 2002, 705-739
Abstract/Review/Citation: Alteration in the isoprenoid metabolites--digoxin,
ubiquinone, and dolichol--have been reported in neuronal degeneration
(Parkinson's disease), oncogenesis (central nervous system glioma), functional
neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia and epilepsy), and immune-mediated
disorders (multiple sclerosis). The coexistence of these disorders has been
documented in literature and a central dysfunction related to digoxin and the
isoprenoid pathway may underlie all these disorders. A family with a high
prevalence of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, neoplasms, syndrome X,
rheumatoid arthritis, and epilepsy has been described. The psychological
behavioral patterns of the family were: creativity and high IQ, hypersexual
behavior, reduced appetite and eating behavior, insomnia and reduced sleep
patterns, increased tendency for spirituality, increased tendency for
addiction, less bonding and affectionate behavior, and left handedness/right
hemispheric dominance. Hypothalamic digoxin can function as the master
conductor of the neuroimmunoendocrine orchestra and coordinate the functions
of various cellular organelles.
========================================

Title: Commentary by the editor.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Greening, Tom
Source/Citation: Journal of Humanistic Psychology; Vol 42(4) Fal 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 4-6
Abstract/Review/Citation: This brief commentary by the editor introduces each of
the articles in this issue and provides a brief summary. Topics include M.
Buber and dialogical psychotherapy, A. Maslow and relatedness, hope-healing
communities in Africa, Aum Shinrikyo and spiritual emergency, and an
assessment of humanistic, transpersonal, and spiritual constructs.
========================================

Title: Aum Shinrikyo and spiritual emergency.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kogo, Yoshiyuki
Source/Citation: Journal of Humanistic Psychology; Vol 42(4) Fal 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 82-101
Abstract/Review/Citation: Investigates the phenomenon of the dark night of the
soul and how it has developed into a serious spiritual emergency in Japan. For
Japanese people, social harmony has the highest priority, and they are
pressured to sacrifice their individuality to maintain that harmony. In
psychodynamic terms, they develop a strong group ego to compensate for their
vulnerable individual ego structure. When a Japanese person recognizes that
group ego is an unsatisfactory construct, he or she faces an existential
isolation of his or her vulnerable ego, Some cannot put up with the fear of
the dark night of the soul and look for an alternative group ego on which to
depend. They tend to embrace this new group ego as a way to resist fear from
deep unconscious realms. If this alternative group ego is not accepted by
mainstream society, it may become radicalized and even hostile to society. The
Aum Shinrikyo cult, which in 1994 and 1995 killed many people in poison gas
attacks, provides an extreme example of an alternative group ego. In this
article, the author explains the mechanism of how individuals came to embrace
a radical group ego by applying Washburn's developmental model to this
particular cult.
========================================

Title: A conversation about spirituality in marriage and family therapy:
Exploring the possibilities.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Carlson, Thomas D.; Erickson, Martin J.
Author Affiliation: Iowa State U, Marriage & Family Therapy Program, Ames,
IA, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 1-11
Abstract/Review/Citation: Presents an e-mail dialogue the authors had with each
other in regards to this special issue of  Journal of Family Psychotherapy 
(Vol 13[1-2], 2002) on religion and spirituality in marriage and family therapy.
========================================

Title: Spirituality: The heart of therapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Aponte, Harry J.
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 13-27
Abstract/Review/Citation: Today's society speaks with conflicting voices about
values, morality, and faith-- in a word, about spirituality. Consequently,
therapists are having to consider with their clients the values and morality
upon which to base the therapy, and having to aid clients in utilizing their
belief systems and faith communities to help themselves. Spirituality is
treated here in terms that are inclusive, applying both to secular and
religious spirituality. The authors suggest three general ways in which
spirituality enhances the power of therapy. The first relates to making moral
choices the heart of issues clients present. The second involves assisting
clients in becoming emotionally and spiritually grounded. The third has to do
with including spiritually enriched resources among people's options for
solutions.
========================================

Title: Spirituality: Lives and relationships in family-therapy concepts and
practices.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Coffey, Adam D.
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 29-52
Abstract/Review/Citation: Scholarly literature continues to address spirituality
and family therapy. Yet, spirituality has not gained a foothold for many
researchers and, hence, has struggled to define itself in peer-reviewed
literature. As scholars learn more about recognizing spirituality and its
place in family therapy, perhaps results from this learning will honor
spirituality in humans' relationships and lives. Then researchers, educators,
and practitioners may add to their dialogue about how spirituality influences
what they do. Hopefully, this dialogue will lead to two things: (a) a
collective action that provides better service to readers of research,
students, and clients; and (b) a collective action that allows professionals
to better care for themselves.
========================================

Title: Coping with a child's death: Spiritual issues and therapeutic
implications.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Brotherson, Sean E.; Soderquist, Jean
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 53-86
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study focused on understanding spiritual issues
addressed in parental accounts of losing a child and the therapeutic
implications for helping professionals. Qualitative, in-depth interviews were
conducted with 19 parents (13 women and 6 men; aged 40-93 yrs) concerning
their experience with having a child die and its effect on their lives. The
parents' stories were recorded and the narratives were then explored to
develop a better understanding of spiritual themes and issues shared by
parents related to the loss of a child.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and meaning: A qualitative inquiry with caregivers of
Alzheimer's disease.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Smith, Angela L.; Harkness, Jennifer
Author Affiliation: East Carolina U, School of Human Environmental Sciences,
Dept of Child Development & Family Relations, Marriage & Family
Therapy Program, Greenville, NC, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 87-108
Abstract/Review/Citation: Alzheimer's disease has been described as a complex
chronic illness that is known to cause significant stress for its caregivers.
It has created dramatic role alterations in families, has increasingly more
biopsychosocial demands as it progresses, and often taxes caregivers to the
point of compromising their own health and well-being. This study used
qualitative analyses to explore the stories of Alzheimer's caregivers. Of the
45 caregivers interviewed (39 females; aged 46-over 75 yrs), all but 9 mention
an expression or significant event related to spirituality, whether religious
or secular in nature. Specifically, 12 caregivers described a negative
experience with their spiritual community, whereas twenty-four shared positive
encounters. Findings supported the incorporation of a
biopsychosocial-spiritual model of healthcare to optimize caregiver
well-being. Recommendations were given to assist family therapists in
including spiritual beliefs and faith communities in the design and delivery
of services.
========================================

Title: Clients' perceptions of marriage and family therapists addressing the
religious and spiritual aspects of clients' lives: A pilot study.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Erickson, Martin J.; Hecker, Lorna; Kirkpatrick, Dwight; Killmer, Mark; James, Edassery
Author Affiliation: Dept of Behavioral Sciences, Marriage & Family Therapy
Program, Hammond, IN, US Purdue U Calumet, Behavioral Sciences Dept, Hammond,
IN, US Samaritan Counseling Ctr, Munster, IN, US Purdue U Calumet, Behavioral
Sciences Dept, Hammond, IN, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 109-125
Abstract/Review/Citation: As marriage and family therapists are emphasizing the
actual contexts of clients' lives, religion and spirituality are being
addressed as important aspects of culture. This pilot study investigated
whether clients felt their therapist adequately addressed the religious and
spiritual aspects of their lives according to their desires for such. 38
clients (84% female; aged 17-73 yrs) who attended therapy at university
clinics were surveyed using a questionnaire about their own religiosity and
spirituality, about their preferences to have religion and spirituality
addressed, and whether they perceived their therapist addressed religion and
spirituality in the therapy process according to their desires. Results show
these family therapists did rather well at addressing the religious and
spiritual aspects of their clients' lives. Demographic correlations showed
that the gender of the client and whether the university clinic they attended
was affiliated with a religious denomination were each positively correlated
to whether the clients wanted religion and spirituality addressed and whether
their therapist adequately addressed these issues. Detailed limitations are
noted.
========================================

Title: The effect of spiritual beliefs and practices on family functioning: A
qualitative study.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bailey, C. Everett
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 127-144
Abstract/Review/Citation: A paucity of research exists on thick descriptions of
family functioning. Using in-depth semi-structured interviews, this paper
presents the case study of a family (father, aged 44 yrs; mother, aged 45 yrs;
and 6 children, aged 14-23 yrs) that has close, positive relationships. The
results reveal that the family's spiritual beliefs and practices are
delicately interwoven into every aspect of the family's life. These results
highlight the importance of professionals identifying and drawing on the
spirituality of family members as a source of strength and support for the
families they serve.
========================================

Title: A cultural trinity: Spirituality, religion and gender in clinical practice.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kimball, L. Scott; Knudson-Martin, Carmen
Author Affiliation: Loma Linda U, Marriage & Family Therapy Program, Loma
Linda, CA, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 145-166
Abstract/Review/Citation: The authors present a framework for understanding the
intersections of spirituality, religion, and gender in mental health and
relationship problems, with special emphasis on gender equality. Clinicians
are encouraged to distinguish religion and spirituality and to engage with
clients at the spiritual level. Principles for practice that facilitate
differentiation from cultural constructions that promote and reinforce gender
inequality are proposed with case illustrations.
========================================

Title: Addressing spirituality in its clinical complexities: Its potential for
healing, its potential for harm.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Griffith, Melissa Elliott; Griffith, James L.
Author Affiliation: George Washington U Medical Ctr, Washington, DC, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 167-194
Abstract/Review/Citation: The decade of the 1990s brought increasing
acknowledgment by mental health clinicians of the importance of spirituality
in many clients' and patients' lives. This acknowledgment has opened therapy
to healing resources that spirituality can offer. However, it also means that
a clinician must address how spirituality can be expressed destructively. The
authors illustrate a clinical approach towards elucidating this complexity,
supporting healing roles for spirituality while countering harmful ones,
through the telling of one mother and 18-yr old son's journey in search of
treatment for a disabling psychiatric disorder. These clinical principles
characterize a collaborative, dialogical approach for engaging a person's
spiritual life in therapy, both its potential for healing and potential for harm.
========================================

Title: Recognizing and raising spritual and religious issues in therapy:
Guidelines for the timid.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Helmeke, Karen B.; Bischof, Gary H.
Author Affiliation: Western Michigan U, Dept of Counselor Education &
Counseling Psychology, Kalamazoo, MI, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 195-214
Abstract/Review/Citation: Religious and spiritual experiences and practices
comprise some of the most important aspects of many people's lives. Yet, for
various reasons, mental health practitioners have been hesitant to bring these
issues into overt discussions in therapy. This article proposes a four-part
framework to assist therapists in addressing religion and spirituality in
therapy. The four areas include spiritual issues raised by either the client
or therapist, and religious issues raised by either the client or therapist.
Guidelines for therapeutic conversation and clinical examples are offered for
each of the four areas.
========================================

Title: Men in love:  Male homosexualities from Ganymede to Batman.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lingiardi, Vittorio
Source/Citation: Chicago, IL, US: Open Court Publishing Co; 2002, (xiii, 238)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Homosexualities, like heterosexualities, are many and
diverse, and the psychological type of 'the homosexual' does not exist. The
adventure of human sexuality takes one beyond the old polarities of biology or
psychoanalysis. Starting from the Greek myth of the rape of Ganymede and from
the idea of a joining of gay trajectories with the search for spiritual
experience, Vitorrio Lingiardi pursues centuries of myths, poems, and symbols.
The author explores homosexual behavior from an investigation of the actual
images he has found inform male homosexual emotion. The author's method is
like Jung's in using historical and cultural sources to establish the context
of the images that have spoken for, and to, the homosexual psyche.
Notes/Comments:  Foreword [by] John Beebe Acknowledgments Translator's notes Introduction:  Ars Erotica  or  Scientia Sexualis? Part I. Zeus and his cupbearer Ganymede and Zeus Spiritual love and carnal love The hidden image Greybeard and the young angel Where eagles dare The fuehrer's eagle Winged feet Love pricks The sacred precincts of Sodom Conclusion Part II. Jung's demon "The great phallus" Love requires
an object Mater Anima The love problem of the student Is anatomy destiny? The
androgyne Notes Bibliography Index male homosexualities; love; spiritual
experience; homosexual behavior; cultural sources; human sexuality; Greek
myth; popular culture; psychoanalytic interpretation
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy "separates'.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002, [np]
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides a list of "separates" for the
Journal of Family Psychotherpay, which refers to special issues simultaneously
published as a special journal issue or double-issue and as a
"separate" hardbound monograph.
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Editors.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002, [np]
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides the names of the various editors of the
Journal of Family Psychotherapy.
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: About the guest editors.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002, [np]
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides the names and affiliations of, as well as
other related information, the guest ediors of the Journal of Family
Psychotherapy, Vol 13(3-4).
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Preface.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Trepper, Terry S.
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
xvii-xviii
Abstract/Review/Citation: Introduces the special issue of the Journal of Family
Psychotherapy, entitled  Spirituality and family therapy: Part II. This
two-part volume as a whole covers the whole range of issues relating to
religion and spirituality and family therapy: (1) the relationship of
spirituality and family therapy theory; (2) research in spirituality, ethics
and spirituality; (3) training therapists in spirituality issues; and (4)
spiritual approaches to working with specific populations.
========================================

Title: The spiritualities of therapists' lives: Using therapists' spiritual
beliefs as a resource for relational ethics.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Carlson, Thomas D.; Erickson, Martin J.; Seewald-Marquardt, Angela
Author Affiliation: Anasazi Foundation, Mesa, AZ, US North Dakota State U,
Fargo, ND, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
215-236
Abstract/Review/Citation: The authors situate how the personal spiritual quests
of their lives have influenced their work as family therapists, particularly
influencing their chosen theories of change. They provide a definition of and
approach to spirituality that centers its ethical, moral, and deeply
relational nature, and propose that therapists' own spirituality can be a
beneficial resource in the relationships they build and foster with those who
consult them. Careful attention is given to how God calls us into
relationships with others. Narrative therapy and spirituality are both defined
as inherently relationalist practices and ways of being. Drawing on narrative
therapy ideas, the authors describe a four step process they have used to
explore therapists' spirituality in supervisory contexts specifically focusing
on the relational nature of their work, and illustrate this process by giving
supervision dialogues from some of their experiences.
========================================

Title: Conversing and constructing spirituality in a postmodern training context.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bava, Saliha; Burchard, Chuck; Ichihashi, Kayo; Irani, Avan; Zunker, Christina
Author Affiliation: Houston Galveston Inst, TX, US Houston Galveston Inst, TX,
US Houston Galveston Inst, TX, US Houston Galveston Inst, TX, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
237-258
Abstract/Review/Citation: Presents the authors' ideas on spirituality in the
course of the therapist training experience. The authors' intent for this
conversational style paper was to create dialogical space for multiple
meanings, and to honor each of their voices while inviting readers to reflect
on and juxtapose their own experiences. After explicating the writing style
and a brief positioning of themselves, the authors introduce their notions of
spirituality, followed by their tales of training within the postmodern
context of the Houston Galveston Institute. The conversation concludes with
reflective and analytical comments. The paper is a praxis of selected
postmodern practices, such as constructing local knowledge, critical
questioning of self and other, and reflexivity in conversation.
========================================

Title: Fathering, faith, and family therapy: Generative narrative therapy with
religious fathers.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Dollahite, David C.; Marks, Loren D.; Olson, Michael M.
Author Affiliation: Louisiana State U, Div of Family, Child, & Consumer
Sciences, LA, US U Texas Medical Branch, Dept of Family Medicine, Galveston,
TX, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
259-290
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article presents the major conceptual and
clinical ideas on fathering, religion, and counseling developed by David C.
Dollahite and his colleagues. The concepts of generative fathering and
generative narrative therapy are presented and illustrated with narratives of
religious fathers. These ideas address a number of issues believed important
to consider in family therapy with fathers-particularly religious fathers.
Concepts are illustrated with personal narratives from two samples of
Latter-day Saint (Mormon) fathers of children with special needs. Although the
narratives are non-clinical, implications for family therapy from these and
related theories and stories are suggested. The article emphasizes father
strengths, the power of religion to assist fathers in challenging
circumstances, and the importance of therapists' sensitivity to spiritual and
religious matters.
========================================

Title: The use of Christian meditation with religious couples: A collaborative
language systems perspective.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Blanton, P. Gregg
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
291-307
Abstract/Review/Citation: Even though Eastern forms of meditation have received
the most attention in clinical practice, Christian meditation may be a better
fit for some Christian couples. Couples may benefit from treatment when this
intervention is used within the context of H. Anderson's (1997) collaborative
theoretical perspective. In this paper, key concepts of Anderson's approach
are described and their compatibility with Christian meditation is examined.
Clinical applications of this integrated approach are discussed and
transcripts from a session are presented to illustrate its use.
========================================

Title: The treatment of anxiety disorders in devout Christian clients.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Killmer, J. Mark
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
309-327
Abstract/Review/Citation: Anxiety raises key spiritual concerns, such as
 control, letting go, fear, trust, and priorities for devout Christian clients.
This article strives to increase the sensitivity of therapists to these
spiritual concerns. While clinical interventions emphasize the management of
anxiety, Christian spirituality points beyond mere coping with this disorder
to a freedom from it. A review of biblical insights draws the conclusion that
the spiritual antidote to anxiety is a radical trust rooted in an intimate
relationship with God. A model for intervention is presented for helping
devout Christian clients develop radical trust and intimate relationships
through spiritual resources and spiritual dialogue.
========================================

Title: Altar-making with Latino families: A narrative therapy perspective.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bermudez, J. Maria; Bermudez, Stanley
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
329-347
Abstract/Review/Citation: This paper explores the uses of making altars in
family therapy. Offering artistic expression in the form of altar-making can
serve as a creative resource for clients, especially for many
Latinos/Hispanics familiar with Catholicism, altars, and/or folk healing
beliefs. Altar-making can have many uses. Specifically, altar-making can help
people explore spiritual themes in their lives, cope with bereavement and
grief, help clients remember their loved ones (M. White, 1997), memorialize
the living, unify families, help families and couples learn to work
collaboratively, and strengthen blended families. Suggestions for creating an
altar are discussed from a narrative therapy perspective. A case illustration
and an artist's perspective are also provided.
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Instructions for authors.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002, [np]
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides instructions for authors submitting
manuscripts to the Journal of Family Therapy.
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Publication agreement.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002, [np]
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides the publication agreement for the Journal of
Family Psychotherapy.
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Journal ordering, copyright, and
document delivery information.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002, [np]
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides ordering, copyright, and document delivery
information for the Journal of Family Psychotherapy.
========================================

Title: Spirituality, ethics, and relationship in adulthood: Clinical and
theoretical explorations: Book review.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Miller, Melvin E.; West, Alan N.
Source/Citation: Psychoanalytic Psychology; Vol 19(2) Spr 2002, US: American
Psychological Assn/Educational Publishing Foundation; 2002, 398-402
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book, Melvin E. Miller and Alan N. West
(Eds.), Spirituality, Ethics, and Relationship in Adulthood: Clinical and
Theoretical Explorations. Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press, 2000, 413 pp.,
$62.50. Reviewed by Robert J. Lovinger.
========================================

Title: Breast cancer survivors give voice: A qualitative analysis of spiritual
factors in long-term adjustment.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gall, Terry Lynn; Cornblat, Mark W.
Author Affiliation: Saint Paul U, Faculty of Human Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Source/Citation: Psycho-Oncology; Vol 11(6) Nov-Dec 2002, US: John Wiley &
Sons; 2002, 524-535
Abstract/Review/Citation: As part of a cross-sectional, quantitative study on
adjustment factors in long-term breast cancer survival. 52 women (aged 39-70
yrs) were asked to write in their own words how religious and spiritual
factors played a part in their understanding of and coping with this illness.
A subsample of 39 women responded to this question. The qualitative method of
content analysis was used to define meaning units, descriptive categories and
themes from the data. Interpretation of themes in the data focused on the role
or function of spiritual/religious factors in long-term adjustment to breast
cancer. The majority of women discussed the positive role of various spiritual
resources in their response to the experience of cancer, including
relationship with God, religious coping activities (e.g. prayer), meaning and
social support. A cognitive model of adjustment was proposed which shows how
spiritual resources can help breast cancer survivors make meaning of and
experience a sense of life affirmation and personal growth in relation to the
cancer.
========================================

Title: Religion, spirituality, and spiritualism.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sigmund, Judith A.
Source/Citation: American Journal of Psychiatry; Vol 159(12) Dec 2002, US:
American Psychiatric Assn; 2002, 2117-2118
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on the book review of  Handbook of
Psychotherapy and Religious Diversity  by L. M. Lothstein. The present author
provides clarification of three terms Lothstein used in her review: religion,
spirituality, and spiritualism.
========================================

Title: Religion, spirituality, and existentialism near the end of life.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kaut, Kevin P.
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist; Vol 46(2) Oct 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 220-234
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses implications of religion and spirituality
for terminally ill individuals. Persons facing death due to terminal illness
experience diverse physical, emotional, and relationship challenges. Dying
persons have more than just physical needs; spiritual issues may feature
prominently as sources of intense struggle and comfort as people prepare to
die. The spiritual health of the dying may be as important as biological
condition when facing death. Nevertheless, the present health care
environment, with its emphasis on diagnostics and curative treatment, may
allocate minimal attention and resources to the spiritual needs of the dying
and their families. The neglect of spiritual issues may contribute to
emotional, cognitive, and physical difficulties experienced at the end of
life. It is therefore essential to recognize spirituality within the
biomedical context of dying. This requires an appreciation for the
multifaceted nature of spirituality, coupled with an openness to individual
theology and an ability to integrate the spiritual dimension within a
biopsychosocial framework of assessment.
========================================

Title: Erfassung religioeser und spiritueller Einstellungen: Psychometrische
Ueberpruefung der deutschen Version des "Systems of Belief
Inventory" (SBI-15R-D) von Holland et al. in einer repraesentiven
bevoelkerungsstichprobe./ Religious and spiritual beliefs--Validation of the
German version of the "Systems of Belief Inventory" (SBI-15R-D) by
Holland et al. in a population-based sample.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Albani, Cornelia; Bailer, Harald; Balser, Gerd; Geyer, Michael; Brahler, Elmar; Grulke, Norbert
Author Affiliation: Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Abteilung fuer Psychotherapie und
Psychosomatische Medizin, Ulm, Germany Universitaetsklinikum Leipzig, Anstalt
oeffenlichen Rechts, Klinik fue Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin,
Leipzig, Germany Universitaetsklinikum Leipzig, Anstalt oeffenlichen Rechts,
Klinik fue Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin, Leipzig, Germany
Universitaetsklinikum Leipzig, Anstalt oeffenlichen Rechts, Selbstaendige
Abteilung fuer Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Leipzig,
Germany Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Abteilung fuer Psychotherapie und
Psychosomatische Medizin, Ulm, Germany                                            Source/Citation: Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie; Vol
52(7) Jul 2002, Germany: Georg Thieme Verlag; 2002, 306-313
Abstract/Review/Citation: Describes and validates the German version of the
Systems of Belief Inventory (SBI-15R-D) developed by J. C. Holland et al
(1998). The questionnaire was used in a representative sample of 954 Eastern
and 1,031 Western Germans (aged 14-95 yrs). The SBI met tests of internal
consistency and demonstrated discriminant validity. But the 2 factors of the
original version could not clearly be replicated. For the relevance of
religious beliefs, present results show that women score higher than men,
older subjects score higher than younger, persons with lower education score
higher than persons with higher education, Western Germans score higher than
Eastern Germans. Connections between the SBI-15R-D and self-evaluation as
being religious, and importance of faith during childhood give hints to the
instrument's validity. It is concluded that the SBI-15R-D can serve as a valid
and economic tool to explore the role of religious and spiritual beliefs.
========================================

Title: Patient attitudes concerning the inclusion of spirituality into addiction
treatment.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Arnold, Ruth M.; Avants, S. Kelly; Margolin, Arthur; Marcotte, David
Author Affiliation: Yale U, School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, Div of
Substance Abuse, New Haven, CT, US Yale U, School of Medicine, Dept of
Psychiatry, Div of Substance Abuse, New Haven, CT, US Yale U, School of
Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, Div of Substance Abuse, New Haven, CT, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment; Vol 23(4) Dec 2002, US:
Elsevier Science; 2002, 319-326
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this exploratory study was 3-fold: (a)
to determine how "spirituality' is defined by inner-city HIV-positive  drug users; (b) to determine perceived relationships between spirituality and
abstinence, harm reduction, and health promotion; and (c) to assess interest
in a spirituality-based intervention. Opioid-dependent patients enrolled in an
inner-city methadone maintenance program participated in the study; 21 (18 men
and 3 women; mean age 44.2 yrs) participated in focus groups and 47 completed
a questionnaire. In the focus groups, two predominant themes emerged:
spirituality as a source of strength/protection of self, and spirituality as a
source of altruism/protection of others. A large majority of the larger sample
expressed an interest in receiving spirituality-focused treatment, reporting
that such an intervention would be helpful for reducing craving and HIV risk
behavior, following medical recommendations, and increasing hopefulness.
African American women perceived spirituality as more helpful in their
recovery than did African American men.
========================================

Title: The tie that binds: Sadomasochism in female addicted trauma survivors.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Southern, Stephen
Source/Citation: Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: Special Issue: Women and
sexual addiction.; Vol 9(4) 2002, United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis; 2002,
209-229
Abstract/Review/Citation: Women who develop addictive disorders to survive life
trauma present a wide array of variant and perverse behaviors. This overview
of sadomasochism examines the life trauma syndrome and the survival functions
of addictions including self-injurious behavior, eating disorder, and sexual
addiction. The etiology of sadomasochism is found in object relations damaged
by neglect or abuse. Sadomasochistic dynamics function like brainwashing to
oppress women in a subordinate position. Survivors turn childhood tragedy into
triumph through sadomasochistic re-enactments of life trauma. An omnibus,
developmentally-based psychotherapy for treating the ego states of female
addicted trauma survivors included abstinence from addictive behaviors,
trauma-related cognitive distortions, acquisition of nonaddictive affect
regulation and self-management skills, prevention of relapse, and enhancement
of capacity for intimacy, creativity, and spirituality. Case studies are
presented to explore the types of sadomasochism and state-dependent treatment
recommendations across five life domains.
========================================

Title: Interdisciplinary approaches to assisting with end-of-life care and
decision making.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Connor, Stephen R.; Egan, Kathleen A.; Kwilosz, Donna M.; Larson, Dale G.; Reese, Dona J.
Author Affiliation: Case Western Reserve U, U Hosps of Cleveland, Ireland Cancer
Ctr, Cleveland, OH, US Santa Clara U, Santa Clara, CA, US U Arkansas,
Fayetteville, AR, US
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist; Vol 46(3) Nov 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 340-356
Abstract/Review/Citation: The importance of interdisciplinary care for patients
and families facing the end of life is examined. Descriptions of varying forms
of team functioning are provided with an emphasis on the characteristics of
high-functioning interdisciplinary teams. The value of empowering the patient
and family to direct the care they receive from their team is emphasized.
Interdisciplinary team interventions in end-of-life care focus on the
biopsychosocial and spiritual dimensions of human experience and facilitate
growth and development in the last phase of life. Despite its great promise
for improving patient care, the interdisciplinary model is not--with the  exception of hospice care--widely implemented in today's health care system.
Hospice care is discussed as a model for team functioning, illustrated with a
case example. The contributions of interdisciplinary teams to end-of-life care
can be enhanced through the development of interdisciplinary team training
programs, the creation of payment structures that support the
interdisciplinary team model, and continuing research assessing the dynamics
of team functioning and the benefits that interdisciplinary team care provides
to patients and families near the end of life.
========================================

Title: The acceptability of a culturally-tailored depression education videotape
to African Americans.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Primm, Annelle B.; Cabot, Diane; Pettis, Jacquelyn; Vu, Hong Thi; Cooper, Lisa A.
Source/Citation: Journal of the National Medical Association; Vol 94(11) Nov
2002, US: National Medical Assn; 2002, 1007-1016
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined patient perceptions of an educational
videotape for African Americans with depression. 24 African Americans (aged
18-76 yrs) diagnosed with depression viewed the videotape, then participated
in focus groups and other discussions concerning its usefulness in
understanding depression and its treatment, its most and least effective
aspects, and its cultural appropriateness. Other collected data included
pre-and post-tests concerning depression attitudes. Results show that
depression attitudes improved in several areas following watching the
videotape, including the perception of depression as a medical illness, the
effectiveness of treatment, perceptions of antidepressant medication, and
reliance upon spirituality to heal depression. The videotape was generally
well received and was rated effective in improving knowledge about depression
and its treatment.
 

========================================

Title: A spectrum of consciousness for CEOs: A business application of Ken
Wilber's  Spectrum of Consciousness.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Young, John E.
Source/Citation: International Journal of Organizational Analysis; Vol 10(1)
2002, US: Center for Advance Studies in Management; 2002, 30-54
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the influence of varying levels of
consciousness on the problem solving effectiveness of chief executive officers
(CEOs). Specifically, the consciousness studies work of K. Wilber (e.g. 1985)
is applied to executive leadership. The author proposes that as CEOs move to
higher levels of consciousness, their problem solving capabilities become more
effective for their situational contexts. The argument set forth is CEOs at
higher levels of consciousness will be more effective problem solvers for
their organizations and experience greater levels of self-fulfillment than
CEOs operating at lower levels on the Spectrum of Consciousness.
========================================

Title: Development and implementation of a spiritual issues psychoeducational
group for those with serious mental illness.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Phillips, Russell E. 33; Lakin, Rebecca; Pargament, Kenneth I.
Author Affiliation: Bowling Green State U, Bowling Green, OH, US Bowling Green
State U, Bowling Green, OH, USaper Number: 20030129
Source/Citation: Community Mental Health Journal; Vol 38(6) Dec 2002, US: Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002, 487-495
Abstract/Review/Citation: Notes that research has suggested that religion and
spirituality can be a resource or a burden for those with serious mental
illness (SMI). Investigators have begun to explore the nature and impact of
interventions that focus on spiritual issues in this population. This study
describes a program for people with SMI who are dealing with
spiritual/religious issues. The program was a 7-week semi-structured,
psychoeducational intervention in which 10 participants discussed religious
resources, spiritual struggles, forgiveness, and hope. This paper also reviews
participants' feedback about the group intervention. It was found that most
members spontaneously expressed that they wanted the group to continue.
Although most members felt they did not necessarily learn new information,
they enjoyed and appreciated the unique forum in which they could explore an
area that is often neglected in the mental health services setting.
Participants further reported that they liked hearing others' spiritual
beliefs and interests. They felt listened to in a nonjudgmental way and
experienced a sense of connection among themselves as well as the
facilitators. Suggestions are made that may add to the clinical utility of
this program in the future.
========================================

Title: Exceptional human experiences, disclosure, and a more inclusive view of
physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Palmer, Genie; Braud, William
Author Affiliation: Inst of Transpersonal Psychology, Palo Alto, CA, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology; Vol 34(1) 2002, US:
Journal of Transpersonal Psychology; 2002, 29-59
Abstract/Review/Citation: The nature, accompaniments, and life impacts of 5
types of exceptional human experiences (EHEs: mystical, psychic, unusual
death-related, encounter, and exceptional normal) were explored, using
correlational and qualitative analyses. An experimental design and
standardized assessments were used to explore possible beneficial outcomes of
working with and disclosing EHEs, individually or in psychoeducational groups.
70 subjects participated in the study. It was found that EHEs occurred
frequently, were perceived as meaningful and important, and their disclosure
was perceived as beneficial. Correlational results indicate that frequent
and/or profound EHEs were positively and significantly related to high levels
of meaning and purpose in life, high levels of spirituality, "thin"
or permeable boundaries, and a tendency toward transformative life changes.
Disclosure was positively and significantly associated with meaning and
purpose in life, positive psychological attitudes and well-being, and reduced
stress-related symptoms. Qualitative analyses reveal that EHEs and their
disclosure were accompanied by themes of well-being, meaning, openness,
spirituality, need-satisfaction, and transformative change.
========================================

Title: Meet the researcher II.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Menon, Sangeetha
Source/Citation: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology; Vol 34(1) 2002, US:
Journal of Transpersonal Psychology; 2002, 67-71
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides a description of the career and work of
researcher Sangeetha Menon. Her research focuses on consciousness, philosophy,
psychology, and spiritual living.
========================================

Title: Holistic health care for native women: An integrated model.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Napoli, Maria
Source/Citation: American Journal of Public Health; Vol 92(10) Oct 2002, US:
American Public Health Assn; 2002, 1573-1575
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses an integrated holistic health care model for
Native American females. Providing health care services to this population has
become a challenge because of the severity of their illnesses, particularly
diabetes, alcoholism, and arthritis. An integrated health care model offers
Native females an opportunity to deal with the challenge of mental health and
health issues through traditional activities such as gathering together. Such
activities enhance their physical and spiritual health while creating an
atmosphere of empowerment and mutual support. The case of a group of females
attending natural mineral baths shows the value of integrated therapy
experiences.
========================================

Title: Use of alternative health care practices by persons with serious mental
illness: Perceived benefits.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Russinova, Zlatka; Wewiorski, Nancy J.; Cash, Dane
Author Affiliation: Boston U, Sargent Coll of Health & Rehabilitation
Sciences, Ctr for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston, MA, US Boston U, Ctr for
Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston, MA, US
Source/Citation: American Journal of Public Health; Vol 92(10) Oct 2002, US:
American Public Health Assn; 2002, 1600-1603
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined the perceived benefits of alternative health
care practices by individuals with serious mental illness. 157 individuals
(mean age 46.6 yrs) with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, or
depressive disorder who reported mental health benefits from alternative
health care practices completed surveys concerning the benefits of alternative
practice. Results show that some subjects (Ss) seemed to benefit from a
variety of alternative practices, including body-manipulation modalities such
as massage and chiropractic. More frequently used practices included
meditation, massage, yoga, and guided imagery. Religious or spiritual
activities such as prayer, worship attendance, and religious or spiritual
reading were commonly practiced and reported as beneficial. Alternative
practices promoted the recovery process beyond the management of emotional and
cognitive impairment by also enhancing social interaction, spirituality, and
self-functioning.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and addiction recovery for rehabilitation counseling.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sherman, Jo; Fischer, Jerome M.
Source/Citation: Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling; Vol 33(4) Win
2002, US: NRCA; 2002, 27-31
Abstract/Review/Citation: Spirituality can be experienced as appreciating the
totality of life through fellowship with others, reflecting on the meaning of
all aspects of our experience, and viewing our existence from a vantage point
outside everyday happenings. The purpose of this study was to determine
whether a relationship exists between spirituality, modality of recovery of
people with chemical addictions, and length of abstinence from chemicals. The
Spirituality in Recovery Questionnaire (SRQ) was used to gather data from 81
respondents (mean age 37.3 yrs) in a Northwest community in 3 modalities of
recovery: outpatient treatment with a spiritual program, residential treatment
with a spiritual program, and outpatient treatment without a spiritual
program. A 2 * 3 factorial analysis-of-variance analyzed the data obtained
from the SRQ. Results determined that people more than 9 mo in recovery from
chemical dependency had significantly higher scores on the SRQ. This study
suggests that people with chemical addictions can enhance their spirituality
through abstinence.
========================================

Title: Investigating the value of spiritual well-being and psychosocial
development in mitigating senior adulthood depression.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hughes, Deanna E.; Peake, Thomas H.
Author Affiliation: Florida Inst of Technology, Clinical Psychology Program,
Melbourne, FL, US
Source/Citation: Activities, Adaptation & Aging; Vol 26(3) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 15-35
Abstract/Review/Citation: Spirituality can facilitate healthy aging by providing
senior adults with a sense of meaning, purpose, and self-integration. This
study investigated the relationships between older adults' spiritual
well-being, personality development according to Erikson's model (i.e.,
successful resolution of Erikson's final 2 stages of psychosocial
development), and level of depression. Participants included 78 senior adults
aged 65+ yrs. Results support the following hypotheses: (1) it was predicted
that significant positive relationships exist among aging adults' degree of
resolution of generativity vs stagnation and spiritual well-being, and degree
of integrity vs despair and spiritual well-being; (2) it was anticipated that
the degree of resolution of integrity vs despair would be positively
associated with high levels of religious and existential well-being; (3) a
significant inverse relationship was predicted among depressive symptomatology
and spiritual well-being. Results confirm the hypothesis that spiritual
well-being and personality development were predictive of depression; thus,
older adults' level of spiritual well-being, specifically existential
well-being, and their degree of resolution of the psychosocial crisis,
integrity vs despair, mitigated seniors' depression level.
========================================

Title: Separation, attachment, and altruistic love: The evolutionary basis for
medical caring.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Fricchione, Gregory L.
Source/Citation: Altruism & altruistic love:  Science, philosophy, &
religion in dialogue., London: Oxford University Press; 2002, (xvi, 500),
346-361
Source editor(s): Post, Stephen G. (Ed); Underwood, Lynn G. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Contends that medical caring as a vocation has
traditionally relied on altruistic love as a guiding principle. This chapter
reviews the evidence establishing what might be called the
separation-attachment dialectical process as a common referent in the human
experience of illness, why this common referent resonates in the particular
human brain that has evolved, and how it gives birth to the human spiritual
imperative. It is argued that it is this spiritual imperative that becomes the
etiology of altruistic love and authentic healing.
========================================

Title: Counseling problem gamblers: A self-regulation manual for individual and
family therapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ciarrocchi, Joseph W.
Source/Citation: Family Therapy; Vol 29(3) 2002, US: Libra Publishers; 2002, 183
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book: Joseph W. Ciarrocchi. Counseling
Problem Gamblers: A Self-Regulation Manual for Individual and Family Therapy.
San Diego: Academic Press, 2002, 340 PP. The following abstract is provided.
Problem gambling is on the increase, with devastating effects on family
finances and relationships. Counseling Problem Gamblers pulls together
clinical wisdom and research findings into a treatment package aimed at
developing the component skills for successful recovery. It makes available,
with instructions, the most well regarded assessment instruments for
identifying gambling problems and discusses how they relate to DSM diagnosis.
It covers a wide range of issues related to problem gambling and those
affected by it. Among the features of the book are: step-by-step treatment
plans; diagnostic instruments developed by the author; focus on specific
cultural concerns, with clinical applications for women, minorities, and
religiously committed persons; integration of spirituality in treatment; and
coping strategies for family members.
========================================

Title: The invisible alliance: Psyche and spirit in feminist therapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kaschak, Ellyn
Source/Citation: Family Therapy; Vol 29(3) 2002, US: Libra Publishers; 2002, 189
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book: Ellyn Kaschak (Ed.) The Invisible
Alliance: Psyche and Spirit in Feminist Therapy. New York: The Haworth Press,
2002, 217 pp. The following abstract is provided. The Invisible Alliance
presents a comprehensive review of multiculturalism and its relationship with
feminism and spirituality and explores: ways to incorporate Jewish principles
and beliefs into feminist therapy; the application of religious sources of
passion and perspective to parenting and working with children; ways to
combine Christian and Wiccan philosophies in therapy; a provocative approach
for integrating Christian biblical teachings into feminist therapy for
survivors of sexual abuse; ways that Buddhist ideas can enrich the
understanding of the self and identity; a case study of ancient healing
traditions used by Latinas; criteria for therapists to use in deciding whether
to work with clients dealing with spiritual/religious issues or refer them to
someone more appropriate; and a way to use the power of ritual to heal and
give more meaning to important life transitions.
========================================

Title: Meaning-centered marital and family therapy: Leaning to bear the beams of
love.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lantz, Jim
Source/Citation: Family Therapy; Vol 29(3) 2002, US: Libra Publishers; 2002, 190
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book: Jim Lantz (Au.) Meaning-Centered
Marital and Family Therapy: Learning to Bear the Beams of Love. Springfield,
IL: Charles C Thomas Publisher, 2000, 166 pp. The following abstract is
provided. The purpose of this book is to present a meaning-centered approach
to psychotherapy with couples and families that is based upon an understanding
of the real and deep human difficulties that are always a part of a loving and
intimate marital and family life. The book is divided into two parts:
Treatment Concepts and Practice Illustrations. In Part 1, family functioning
and treatment elements and dynamics are explored. There are chapters that
examine the use of art, poetry, recollection, and spirituality and how the
therapist can use these processes to facilitate awareness and understanding
with couples and families seeking help. There is also a chapter on the use of
a cotherapist, with its attendant advantages and disadvantages in marital and
family therapy. Part 2 presents two case examples of troubled families in
search of solutions. The Appendices contain examples of tools the therapist
can use in serving clients....
========================================

Title: Profound sexual and spiritual encounters among practicing Christians: A
phenomenological analysis.
Author(s)/Editor(s): MacKnee, Chuck M.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Integrative perspectives on human sexuality with practical applications, part
II.; Vol 30(3) Fal 2002, US: Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 234-244
Abstract/Review/Citation: Existential-phenomenological methodology explored the
meaning and experience of profound sexual and spiritual encounters described
by 5 men and 5 women (all aged 36-65 yrs) who were practicing Christians.
Participants had experienced a profound event in which sexual and spiritual
connection had occurred, an event in which sexual arousal and orgasm was
simultaneously experienced with the presence of God. Participants were
interviewed and asked to describe their encounter and its aftereffects.
Through qualitative analysis of these mysterious experiences, 11 common themes
that portrayed the wonder, euphoria, bonding, arousal, transcendence,
blessing, and sacredness of these peak events emerged. God's presence during
sexual intimacy enabled the body, soul, and spirit to celebrate ecstatic union
collectively in elevated responsiveness. In addition, the aftereffects of
linking sexual and spiritual dimensions for the contributors were revealed as
seven transforming, empowering, and affirming themes. Results provide a valid
basis for a previously undisclosed phenomenon as well as inform Christian
educators, pastors, counselors, and practitioners regarding the potential of
biblical "one flesh" connection.
========================================

Title: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Journal file.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Integrative perspectives on human sexuality with practical applications, part
II.; Vol 30(3) Fal 2002, US: Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 245-248
Abstract/Review/Citation: Summarizes 5 articles in various psychological and
theological journals, concentrating on the topics of sexuality, sexual
behavior, and spirituality.
========================================

Title: Select physical activity determinants in independent-living elderly.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Guinn, Bobby; Vincent, Vern
Author Affiliation: U Texas-Pan Amereican, Dept of CIS & Quantitative
Methods, Edinburg, TX, US
Source/Citation: Activities, Adaptation & Aging; Vol 26(4) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 17-26
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined, among a well-defined independent-living
segment of the elderly, the relationship of health status, spirituality,
leisure satisfaction, and educational attainment to regular physical activity
involvement. 244 subjects (82 males and 162 females; aged 60-81 yrs) were
drawn from a popular retirement area and data were gathered through a
self-report survey instrument. Discriminant analysis revealed that a higher
level of education, religious well-being, and perceived health distinguished
regular physical activity participants from non-regular. Results suggest
interventions designed to promote physical activity among high-functioning
elderly focus on educational strategies emphasizing the health benefits of
exercise with the inclusion of spiritual wellness aspects.
========================================

Title: Themes of continuity and change in the spiritual reminiscence of elder
Catholic women religious.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Melia, Susan Perschbacher
Source/Citation: Critical advances in reminiscence work:  From theory to
application., New York, NY, US: Springer Publishing Co; 2002, (xix, 370),
183-196
Source editor(s): Webster, Jeffrey Dean (Ed); Haight, Barbara K. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined the nature and function of prayer in the
lives of 26 elder Catholic women religious (aged 70-98 yrs). The women
responded to open-ended questions about their prayer life. The data were
examined 2 different ways: (1) the individual prayer stories of each woman in
their entirety, and (2) on a question by question basis, looking at how the
women collectively responded to individual questions. The women spontaneously
engaged in spiritual reminiscence, connecting their prayer lives in the
present to their prayer stories and faith practices as children and their
vocational lives. Three cases are presented to demonstrate unique individual
motifs as well as the subthemes that were interwoven throughout their
reminiscence into the present. Analyzed as a group, responses from the women
demonstrated that there were subthemes within the encompassing theme of faith:
prayer as relationship and conversation with a loving God, prayer as
contribution to others, individual prayer routine incorporating devotions to
saints and scripture, changing of prayer with age, and the working of the Holy
Spirit within. It was found that these subthemes had elements of both
continuity and change.
========================================

Title: Religious and spiritual problem V-code: An Adlerian assessment.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Mansager, Erik
Source/Citation: Journal of Individual Psychology; Vol 58(4) Win 2002, US: Univ
of Texas Press; 2002, 374-387
Abstract/Review/Citation: The author considers the adequacy and clinical
usefulness of the  DSM-IV  V-code, "religious and spiritual
problems," and how Individual Psychologists might use it. The author
first situates the code within its developmental context and provides a brief
description of problems that can be classified in this area, differentiating
them from commonly mistaken psychological problems. He then reviews the
literature that stresses the importance of therapists' incorporating some
level of religious and spiritual understanding of their clients into
therapeutic practice. The author identifies Adler's construct of 
Gemeinschaftsgefuehl  as the norm by which the general health of the client
can be determined. Based on this norm, specific criteria are presented for
helping determine the general health of one's religious or spiritual movement.
The author concludes with special attention paid to a practical application of
these criteria to aspects of client spirituality.
========================================

Title: African-American spirituality: A concept analysis.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Newlin, Kelley; Knafl, Kathleen; Melkus, Gail D'Eramo
Author Affiliation: Yale U, School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, US Yale U, School
of Nursing, New Haven, CT, US
Source/Citation: Advances in Nursing Science; Vol 25(2) Dec 2002, US: Aspen
Publishers; 2002, 57-70
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the concept of African-American
spirituality. 20 qualitative and quantitative studies from the fields of
nursing, psychology, and sociology were analyzed to identify key terms or
phrases describing the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of
African-American spirituality. Results show that African-American spirituality
is multidimensional, involving quintessential, internal, external, consoling,
and transformative attributive dimensions. Findings suggest that defining
attributes of African-American spirituality are both global and culturally
prominent. Culturally competent health care for African Americans requires
sensitivity to the spirituality component of their culture.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and complex partial epileptic-like signs.
Author(s)/Editor(s): MacDonald, Douglas A.; Holland, Daniel
Author Affiliation: U of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, US
Source/Citation: Psychological Reports; Vol 91(3,Pt1) Dec 2002, US:
Psychological Reports; 2002, 785-792
Abstract/Review/Citation: Using a sample of 262 undergraduate volunteers (aged
17-48 yrs), correlational and regressional analyses were completed to examine
the relation of self-reported complex partial epileptic-like signs to a
five-dimensional model of spirituality assessed by the Expressions of
Spirituality Inventory (ESI). Analyses show that spirituality is significantly
predictive of Complex Partial Epileptic-like Signs. Scores from subscales
Paranormal Beliefs, Experiential/Phenomenological Dimension, and Existential
Well-being uniquely accounted for significant portions of Complex Partial
Epileptic-like Signs variance. ESI Cognitive Orientation Toward Spirituality
significantly correlated with Complex Partial Epileptic-like Signs but it was
not a significant predictor in regression analyses. ESI Religiousness was
unrelated to Complex Partial Epileptic-like Signs in all analyses. This
pattern of relations remained largely the same when participants' age, sex,
and reported religious involvement were controlled. The paper includes a
discussion of the meaning of the findings and suggestions for research.
========================================

Title: Introduction to special issue on spiritual direction, part one.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Moon, Gary W.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 261-263
Abstract/Review/Citation: Introduces the special issue of the Journal of
Psychology & Theology, which is entitled Psychotherapy and Spiritual
Direction, Part 1. Noting recent literature on integrating religion and
spirituality into professional practice, this special issue is devoted to
examining the ancient and modern practice of spiritual direction and the
implications for mental health professionals. Equally weighted with this
vision is the desire to promote dialogue among those interested in the process
of authentic spiritual change and transformation. The majority of the special
issue is devoted to the voices of 7 different pastors, priests, or theologians
who describe the history and process of spiritual direction within their
specific Christian denomination/faith group (including Orthodox, Catholic,
Episcopal, Reformed, Holiness, Social Justice, and Charismatic). Each  contributor addresses the same 8 items related to spirituality and
psychotherapy from their own faith perspective.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction: Meaning, purpose, and implications for mental health
professionals.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Moon, Gary W.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 264-275
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article introduces the first of two special
issues on spiritual direction and mental health. Attention is given to
providing a broad understanding of the meaning, purpose, and scope of
spiritual direction, and discussing factors concerning resistance to spiritual
transformation. It then explores: the diversity of roles assumed by spiritual
guides and directors; contemporary contrasts between spiritual direction and
psychotherapy; and critical issues concerning the integration of spiritual
concepts and practices into the process of counseling and psychotherapy. It is
asserted that the present climate of increased dialogue between soul care
practitioners provides unprecedented opportunity for the enhancement of
understanding concerning the process of spiritual transformation and its
implications for the mission of both church and clinic.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction in the Orthodox Christian tradition.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Rogers, F. Gregory
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 276-289
Abstract/Review/Citation: This essay examines the practice of spiritual
direction in the Orthodox Christian tradition. Spiritual direction is first
defined as leading the believer to the knowledge of God. A historical sketch
of the practice of direction is followed by an outline of the process of
spiritual transformation as seen in the Orthodox tradition. The role of the
Orthodox spiritual director is analyzed along with the duties of the disciple.
An analysis of the indicators of spiritual maturity notes the importance of
the attainment of dispassion and the development of virtue. Conventional
psychotherapeutic methods are compared with Orthodox spiritual direction,
noting circumstances under which the Orthodox spiritual director would make a
referral to a mental health professional.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction in the Roman Catholic tradition.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Barrette, Gene
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 290-302
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article presents the practice of spiritual
direction in the Roman Catholic tradition. Specific attention is given to:
definition and description of spiritual direction, scriptural roots, Roman
Catholic specificity, practice in the early Church and association with the
beginning of Monasticism, and the impact of Vatican II. The development of
different forms of spiritual direction is presented within the context of the
variety of theological, philosophical, cultural, and historical biases evident
throughout church history. The process of authentic spiritual transformation
and the role of the spiritual director plays are described--both as it was
understood historically and in terms of the present practice. Contrasts
between spiritual direction and traditional psychotherapy are proposed.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction in the Episcopal Church.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Temple, Gray JR
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 303-313
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article briefly traces the definition, history,
and current typical practices of spiritual direction in the Episcopal Church
(and, by extension, the Anglican Communion). An understanding is presented of
the transformation process as an alliance against the client's shame. The
on-going discussion between "directors" and "spiritual
companions" as different approaches to power relations with spiritual
direction is summarized. Characteristics by which Episcopalians gauge
spiritual maturity are described. Difficulties in exactly distinguishing
spiritual direction from conventional psychotherapy are described in view of
the latter's fluidity in practice. Attention is focused on the triggers that
alert the director to the need for the other discipline. Also, two books
representing different currents within the mainstream are recommended.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction in the reformed tradition.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Whitlock, Luder G. JR
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 314-322
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article calls attention to the absence of
spiritual directors in the Reformed tradition, describing how spiritual
guidance or counsel was provided historically as well as noting current
practice. From a definition of the practice in the Reformed tradition, it
proceeds to describe the role of spiritual guides or companions. A description
of the nature and process of spiritual transformation is provided, including
the principal characteristics of spiritual maturity. Spiritual direction is
distinguished from psychotherapy, and occasions for referral are recognized.
Books representing different facets of this subject are recommended.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction in the Wesleyan-Holiness movement.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tracy, Wesley D.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 323-335
Abstract/Review/Citation: Though the term "spiritual direction" is not
a common part of the vocabulary of the Wesleyan-Holiness people, the goals of
spiritual direction form the core of their spiritual quest. Avoiding
"direction" for fear of spiritual abuse, the Wesleyan-Holiness
people seek to help each other toward Christian perfection by way of
face-to-face groups, spiritual companioning, family worship, covenant groups,
and faith mentoring. These specific structures and practices, along with
observance of the personal spiritual disciplines and the disciplines of
service, are primarily rooted in the heritage of the Wesleyan revival in
18th-century England and secondarily in the American Holiness Movement of the
19th century. Indirect indicators associated with spiritual maturity are
described and comparisons between psychotherapy and spiritual guidance are
made.
========================================

Title: A living stream: Spiritual direction within the Pentecostal/Charismatic
tradition.
Author(s)/Editor(s): McMahan, Oliver
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 336-345
Abstract/Review/Citation: Charismatics and Pentecostals have a relatively brief
history and tradition. In the short span of just over one hundred years for
Pentecostals and fifty years or less for Charismatics, there are a number of
characteristics that have emerged. Charismatics and Pentecostals have sought
renewal but may, in their desire to return to their initial spiritual
experiences of believing and Spirit Baptism, have missed more opportunities
for reflection. Their spiritual directors have been diverse but close to the
community of believers. The closeness of the community has seemed like a
family as much as a spirutal movement. The implications of the
Petecostal/Charismatic spiritual pursuit, the history of spiritual directors,
and methods of spiritual direction are explored in this article with
recommendations for further investigation and reflection. Contrasts and
similarities with traditional psychotherapy are also explored.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction, social justice, and the United Church of Christ.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gladson, Jerry A.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 346-354
Abstract/Review/Citation: How may spiritual formation, with its emphasis upon
the individual, spiritual direction, and its shaping of spiritual life, and
the ministry of social justice, with it stress upon the community, be balanced
in a religious tradition? This article examines the United Church of Christ as
an example of a social justice tradition within Protestant Christianity, with
special interest in how it combines spiritual formation, spiritual direction,
and social justice. Although during the first decades of its existence, the
United Church of Christ seemed more interested in social justice, ostensibly
to the diminishing of more spiritual concerns, during the 1990s the church
began to develop greater interest in spirituality. At present, the
denomination is starting to try to link spirituality, spiritual formation, and
spiritual direction with social justice ministries. The history of the
practice of spiritual direction, the "process" of authentic
transformation, role of the spiritual director, and indicators of mature
spirituality are discussed. Spiritual direction in the United Church of Christ
is compared and contrasted to traditional psychotherapy, and note is made of
conditions where spiritual directors would make a referral to a mental health
worker.
========================================

Title: Nurturing spiritual growth.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Benner, David G.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 355-361
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article is a response to previous articles by F.
G. Rogers, G. Barrette, G. Temple, L. G. Whitlock Jr., W. D. Tracy , O.
McMahan, and J. A. Gladson  in the special issue, "Psychotherapy and Spiritual
Direction, part I" of the Journal of Psychology & Theology. This
article begins by reflecting on the recent rise of interest in spirituality in
society and the mental health professions and then examines the diversity of
ways of understanding and practicing spiritual direction. It also discusses
the opportunities for an enhanced understanding of spiritual transformation
that this diversity provides, and investigates the overlapping and permeable
nature of the boundaries between spiritual direction and other relationships
of soul care. The author discusses some of the commonalities and differences
between spiritual direction and psychotherapy. The article concludes with some
observations about the future.
========================================

Title: Reflecting God.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tracy, Wesley D.; Cockerill, Gareth L.; Demaray, Daniel E.; Harper, Steven
Author Affiliation: Asbury Theological Seminary, Wilmore, KY, US Asbury
Theological Seminary, Florida Campus, Winter Springs, FL, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 362-363
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book, Wesley D. Tracy, Gareth L. Cockerill,
Donald E. Demaray, and Steven Harper (Au). Reflecting God. Kansas City, MO:
Partnership Press, 2000, 191 pp., ISBN 083-411-8661. Reviewed by: Evalin
Rhodes Hanshew.
========================================

Title: Exploring spiritual direction.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Jones, Alan W.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 364
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book, Alan W. Jones (Au). Exploring
spiritual direction. Boston: Cowley Publications, 1999, 168 pp., ISBN
1-56101-172-X. Reviewed by: Wendy Dickinson.
========================================

Title: Reformed spirituality: An introduction for believers.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Rice, Howard L.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 364-366
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book, Howard L. Rice (Au). Reformed
spirituality: An introduction for believers. Louisville, KY: Westminster/John
Knox Press, 1991, 224 pp., ISBN 0-664-25230-3. Reviewed by: David B. Simpson.
========================================

Title: Mentorship of Latino older adolescents:  An alternative definition and
its role in academic achievement.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sanchez, Bernadette
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 63(3-A) Sep 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 862
Abstract/Review/Citation: The current study had three aims: (1) to examine how
mentorship is conceptualized for older, Mexican American adolescents; (2) to
generate a culturally-relevant model of mentorship; and (3) to gain an
understanding of the role of mentorship in the academic achievement of these
adolescents. A qualitative methodology was employed to accomplish the study
goals. Specifically, 10 Mexican American college students and 12 of their
mentors were interviewed in-depth. Mentees were asked to identify individuals
who provided them with guidance and had more experience than them (mentors).
Also, they were asked about the characteristics of the identified mentors and
their relationships with these individuals, how mentors guided mentees, the
areas in which mentees received guidance, and the mentors' roles in students'
education. Mentors who were interviewed were asked to describe their
relationships with mentees, including how they provided guidance, areas of
mentees' lives in which guidance was provided, and the how they guided
students in their academic experiences, if at all. Analyses were conducted
using a grounded theory approach, in which theory emerges from data (Corbin
& Strauss, 1990), so that mentorship was described in participants' own
words and concepts. Analyses revealed a variety of individuals who provided
mentorship, but the majority included immediate and extended family members.
Mentors provided guidance in a number of different areas of mentees' lives,
such as school, relationships, and religion/spirituality. Mentorship took many
different forms, from emotional support to informational/experiential support
to modeling behavior, for example. There were different outcomes that resulted
from mentorship. Data analysis revealed a process of mentorship that is
distinct for this sample. Also, differences were found between the
higher-achieving and lower-achieving participants in their mentorship
relationships. Implications for mentorship theory and practice are discussed.
========================================

Title: The relationship among ethnic identity, acculturation, mattering, and
wellness in minority and non-minority adolescents.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Dixon, Andrea Leigh
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 63(4-A) Oct 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 1264
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this study was to address minority and
non-minority adolescent development and wellness by examining the relationship
among ethnic identity, acculturation, mattering, and six areas of wellness
among adolescents (spirituality, self-direction, schoolwork, leisure, love,
and friendship). Adolescents' identity development process includes the
development of gender and sexual identities, and an ethnic identity. The
development of ethnic identity involves a sense of belonging to an ethnic
group. Ethnic identity is an aspect of the acculturation process, during which
changes in cultural attitudes, values, and behaviors take place as a result of
contact with two or more cultures, resulting in feelings of belonging to one
or both cultures. This belonging leads to a greater sense of well being, and
is important for adolescents. Adolescents strive to belong to social groups,
including ethnic groups. This striving for belonging, or mattering, is complex
for minority adolescents, who are seeing to belong and 'matter' both to their
own ethnic group and to mainstream culture groups. The accomplishment of a
sense of ethnic identity during adolescence, combined with a sense of
belonging through negotiation of the acculturation process, contributes to a
positive identity, and overall wellness. Individual studies have linked ethnic
identity, acculturation, and or mattering to wellness; however, no studies
exist which examine all of these processes simultaneously and the effects they
have upon wellness in minority and non-minority adolescents. For this study,
minority and non-minority adolescent volunteers (N = 462) were administered
the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, the Stephenson Multigroup
Acculturation Scale, the General Mattering Scale, the Mattering to Others
Questionnaire, the Wellness Evaluation of Life Style-Teenage, and a
demographic questionnaire. Analysis of three structural equation models for
the total participants, and for the minority (n = 176) and non-minority groups
(n = 286) revealed the mattering and acculturation explain a significant
portion of the variance for adolescents and that ethnic identity explains a
significant portion of the variance for minorities. However, for the
non-minority participants, no significant portion of the variance in the six
areas of wellness was predicated by the hypothesized model. Analysis of
descriptive statistics indicated no significant differences in the mean scores
of ethnic identity, acculturation, mattering, and wellness between the
minority and non-minority groups. Considerations for counselors who work with
adolescents, implications for counselor educators, and suggestions for future
research were provided. There is a need for future research to continue the
line of research presented in this dissertation.
========================================

Title: Spiritual empowerment of special needs families.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Meeko, Andrew Leon
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 63(4-A) Oct 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 1578
Abstract/Review/Citation: Families with children possessing disability face
crushing challenges physically, economically, socially, emotionally, and
spiritually. Sadly, most succumb to this onslaught and disintegrate. The
tragedy of these families is only amplified in that they have the potential to
influence lives, churches, and nations as perhaps no other entity can. 
Chapter One focuses on understanding the tragedy of special needs families.
The dehumanizing attitudes and denials of basic rights that handicap those
with disability are examined. Chapter Two takes a closer look at the stresses
and emotional whirlpools these families endure. Stress hardiness and
cohesion/control mechanisms of families are also considered in an attempt to
grasp why some families are actually enriched through their struggle. Chapter
Three examines the ancient approach of Spiritual Direction. This approach is
presented as a means for helping the family members find their true selves,
and the true God speaking at the center of their beings. There is particular
emphasis on levels of prayer, the Three Ways, and the 'dark nights.' Chapter
Four is given to the recently evolved approach of Narrative Therapy, a field
that presents a new direction in the therapeutic world. The particular value
of the approach here is in its skepticism of the cultural norm and in the way
it imparts freedom to a family to re-author its own reality. This approach
encourages the unearthing of dormant abilities and resources. Chapter Five
concludes the study by examining the similarities and differences of these two
approaches as applied to the special needs family, as well as by exploring how
they complement one another in ways that can help such families survive and
even thrive.  The aim of this study is not to formulate a rubber stamp method
of empowerment for these families, but rather to be true to the sense of
mystery and curiosity in both approaches. The path for each family is viewed
as uniquely matched to its personality and experience in God. Overall,
disability is viewed as having the potential for immense good, both in
deepening individual lives and in bringing renewal to global society.
========================================

Title: The psychological and spiritual effects of child sexual abuse when the
perpetrator is a Catholic priest.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bland, Michael J.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 63(4-A) Oct 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 1253
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the
negative, long-term psychological and spiritual effects of child sexual abuse
when the perpetrator was a Catholic priest. A total of 73 victims of childhood
clerical sexual abuse were surveyed, of which 48 responded (65.7%). In
addition, 110 adults from various Catholic parishes and schools were surveyed
of which 96 questionnaires were returned (87.2%). Data was collected from 144
participants and divided into three groups. Group 1 Abused By Priest (ABP) N =
48, Group 2 No Abuse (NA) N = 76, and Group 3 childhood sexual Abuse History
(AH) N = 20.  All participants completed a Background Data Questionnaire,
Religiosity Index, Spiritual Injury Scale, and Trauma Symptom Checklist-40
(TSC-40). Additionally, Group 1 participants completed a Sexual Abuse History
and Healing Questionnaire.  In a two-way analysis, F (1, 122), the ABP group
scored higher (p < .0005) as compared to the NA group regarding guilt over
past behaviors, Dissociation, Sexual Abuse Trauma Index, and Trauma Symptom
Checklist-40 (TSC-40) total score. Data approached statistical significance, 
F = 3.892, p = .051, indicating that there was no significant difference
between the two groups in attendance at religious services. However, there was
a significant difference (16.6%) between the two groups current religion.
Nearly 23% of individuals abused by a priest no longer identify with the Roman
Catholic religion despite having been raised Roman Catholic, as compared to a
5.2% decline in the group not abused.  In a three-way analyses F (2, 141) the
ABP group scored higher (P < .00244) as compared to the AH group and the NA
group regarding higher symptoms of grief, anger, a sense of meaninglessness,
feeling God treated them unfairly, dissociation, depression, sexual problems,
sleep disturbances, Sexual Abuse Trauma Index, and the total score on Trauma
Symptom Checklist-40.
========================================

Title: The resilient African American child:  Parents', teachers', and students'
perceptions of factors that influence resilience.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Mccormick, Christopher Gerard
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 63(4-A) Oct 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 1256
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study examined the perceptions of four parents,
four teachers, and four resilient African American students regarding the
factors that influenced the high academic achievement of these resilient
students. The study used in-depth semi-structured interviews with each of the
parents, teachers, and resilient African American students to answer the
following questions: (1) How do African American students, their parents, and
their teachers perceive the influence of individual agency on the students'
resiliency? (2) How do African American students, their parents, and their
teachers perceive the influence of parents on the students' resiliency? (3)
How do African American students, their parents, and their teachers perceive
the influence of teachers on the students' resiliency?  Research suggests that
resilient children can succeed academically regardless of minority ethnic
status, single parent families, and low socioeconomic status (Clark, 1983;
Huang & Waxman, 1996b; Rak & Patterson, 1996; Werner, 1989).  This
study supports the findings of past literature by finding that the resilient
African American students demonstrated excellent leadership skills and
contributed actively to community service. Parents of the resilient African
American students were involved, committed, and supportive. The teachers of
resilient students expressed intimate knowledge about the resilient students,
their families, and their community. Moreover, these teachers cared about and
supported the resilient students.  This dissertation, however, challenges
current resilience literature. One pervasive theme found in this research is
that resilience in African American students is related to their ability to
communicate effectively with peer, parents, and teachers. Their ability to
communicate to their teachers the obstacles in their life may have nurtured an
environment of emotional connection and understanding. Teachers who better
understand their students are better equipped to teach them. The students in
this study were able to make that connection and subsequently elicited help
from anyone who could offer them assistance including teachers,
administrators, or adult mentors. In addition, this study extended the
periphery of resilience literature by finding that all four parents held
strong values and beliefs regarding achievement. They believed either that the
purpose of education was to gain material possessions or to achieve personal
freedom and power. All of the mothers in this study also attributed their
success with their children ultimately to their spirituality, a variable not
even considered in past resilient studies.  The mothers were resilient, not
always in an educationally specific domain but resilient as survivors who
raised their children despite adversity. These survival skills were
transferred to their children through modeling and their children successfully
applied them in the arena of academics. In other words, resilience may be a
set of survival strategies that can be transferred intergenerationally and
translated across domains, a finding not adequately explored in the study of
African Americans.
========================================

Title: The Buddhist psychologist:  An exploration into spirituality and
psychotherapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Fredenberg, Jason Richard
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(4-B) Oct 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 2055
Abstract/Review/Citation: An exploratory, phenomenological investigation was
conducted of psychologists who were Buddhist, or who felt strongly influenced
by Buddhism, to investigate the way in which their clinical work was impacted
by their spiritual beliefs and practices. Interviews were conducted of 12
psychologists using a semi-structured interview format. After analysis of the
qualitative data two significant themes emerged. Theme I consisted of the
reports that Buddhist meditation practices significantly impacted the
subjects' clinical work by increasing their abilities to be present with their
clients and also by increasing the awareness of their own internal process
during clinical sessions. Conflicting thoughts regarding the use of meditation
with clients were also addressed. The evidence in Theme II suggests that for
many of these subjects their identities as Buddhists seemed to overshadow
their identities as clinical psychologists. Furthermore, it seemed as if it
was their spiritual practice that served as the foundation for their clinical
practice. They reported perceiving numerous limitations to Western
psychotherapy and indicated that for them, their Buddhist practice helps to
deepen and expand, not only Western psychological understanding, but also
their practice of clinical psychology in general. These findings were compared
and contrasted to existing literature in the field. Limitations to this study
were noted and suggestions for further research were made.
========================================

Title: The evolution of African-centered psychologists.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Moses-Robinson, Carol
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(4-B) Oct 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 2066
Abstract/Review/Citation: African-centered psychologists adhere to an African
(Black) psychology reflective of an African worldview. The existence of
African psychology is associated with an evolution in both conceptual
development of an African psychology (Akbar, 1991; Jackson, 1979; Nobles,
1986x) and an emerging African consciousness (Akbar, 1991; Jackson, 1979;
Karenga, 1993: Nobles, 1986). Utilizing qualitative study and phenomenological
inquiry (in the broadest sense), this study explored the relevance of culture,
society, training and professional experience in the developmental process of
becoming African-centered and to the phenomenon of African psychology. It
includes the history of African (black) psychology, appropriate definitions of
relevant terminology, and discussion of three models of identity development. 
The study is centered on the experiences of twelve African-centered
psychologists, their interpretations of phenomenon associated with the
development of an African-centered perspective, and its connection with the
quest to develop a psychology, which addresses needs that fall beyond the  parameters of traditional psychology. Using a semi-structured interview
protocol, the participants were queried about the experiences that influenced
the development of their African consciousness and the conceptual development
of African psychology, their experience with racism and the impact of racism
on their conceptual development, their perceptions of the barriers that
interfere with implementation of African based psychology, and the experiences
that reinforced their African consciousness.  Participants offered consistent
definitions of African-centered thought; however, differences existed in
operationalization of the concept. The study found that the intergenerational
transmission and felt experience of African culture, African history, black
organizations, and mentors significantly influenced the participant's African
consciousness and the conceptual development of an African psychology. It also
found that internalization and focus on racism impeded African consciousness
and limited conceptualization to Western-based analysis. Reconnection with
African culture and spirituality were experiences familiar to all of the
study's participants.  In summary, the study is about African-centered
psychologists and their quest to provide an operational concept consistent
with the history and culture of African Americans that would bring to the
practice of psychology a more practical approach to help remedy
psychologically based problems among African Americans.
========================================

Title: The relationship between spirituality and sexual satisfaction among
selected heterosexual married couples.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Landry, Robert Lawrence Jr.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(4-B) Oct 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 2044
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this study is to examine selected
aspects of Christian spiritual life and religious practice and their
relationship to sexual satisfaction in a sample of Christian heterosexual
married couples. A survey sample of 254 Christian married individuals between
the ages of 30 and 59 who had been married for at least one year and who were
affiliated with Temple Baptist Church (a Southern Baptist church) in
Hattiesburg, Mississippi, at the time of the study participated in this  research. The Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS), Spiritual Well-Being Scale
(SWBS), Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Motivation Scales (I/ERMS), and a
Background/Religious Involvement Information (B/RII) form were administered to
determine levels of sexual satisfaction and spiritual well-being, type and
degree of religious motivation, and frequency/level of involvement in selected
spiritual activities. These data were analyzed to evaluate the relationships
between sexual satisfaction and spiritual motivation, involvement, and
perceived well-being. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were
performed on the data. Existential well-being, religious well-being, and joint
spousal involvement in prayer and Bible study/devotional reading were found to
be significantly positively correlated with sexual satisfaction, with
implications for enhancement of sexual satisfaction and treatment of sexual
dissatisfaction.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and the disability experience:  Faith, subjective well
being, and meaning and purpose in the lives of persons with disabilities.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kim, Jennifer Jo
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(4-B) Oct 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 2062
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study combined qualitative and quantitative
methods to investigate spirituality's role in the rehabilitation process and
in the lives of persons with disabilities. Participants were 28 persons
undergoing inpatient rehabilitation who, as part of a larger study, completed
measures of spiritual well-being, spiritual maturity, life satisfaction, and
quality of life at three time points (upon admission to inpatient
rehabilitation, prior to discharge, and three months after discharge) and
responded to open-ended interview questions exploring faith's role in their
lives and their disability experiences. Interview data were coded and analyzed
using descriptive content analysis methods. The majority of respondents (89%)
described faith as important to them. Disability onset more commonly
precipitated an increase than a decrease in faith practices and respondents
described both spiritual crises and spiritual awakenings following disability
onset. Findings also suggested that disability onset may be experienced quite
differently by younger persons than it is by older persons. Younger persons
endorsed lower levels of subjective well-being and more commonly described a
sense of loss of role following disability onset than older persons, who more
commonly described a sense of lost time. Most respondents were able to
identify at least one positive or beneficial outcome of living with a
disability; the minority who were not able to do so endorsed low levels of
subjective well-being. Other factors related to low subjective well-being
included having experienced a change (increase or decrease) in faith following
disability onset and expressing unresolved anger at God. Persons who
identified a meaning or purpose in their disability experience tended more
commonly to attribute their illness or disability to God than those who did
not. Identifying a meaning or purpose was not related to subjective
well-being; however, when benefit finding was considered as an aspect of
meaning making, a positive relationship with subjective well-being was
evident. The results suggest that clinicians should be attuned to
developmental issues that may impact the experience of disability onset and
should support clients in their search for and discovery of beneficial or
positive outcomes of their experiences.
========================================

Title: Transformation:  Creating the visible self in the aftermath of incest.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Vinson, Shoba S.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(4-B) Oct 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 1781
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this study was to understand how women
survivors of childhood incest by the fathers or father figures heal from the
subsequent trauma to the self. The volunteer sample consisted of six
Caucasian, predominantly middle-class women who had experienced sexual,
physical, and psychological abuse. They ranged in age from 33 to 52 years. The
women were invited to describe their healing, and informal probes were used to
explore their responses. The initial interview lasted approximately two hours.
Follow-up interviews of similar duration were held with three women. Grounded
theory, a qualitative approach, was used to inductively build a theory of
healing from incest. As data were collected, concepts and relationships among
them were identified. These were provisionally tested through further specific
data collection, so the theory that developed was grounded in the data.
Findings reveal that the trauma of incest during developmental years leads to
the formation of the invisible self. Healing from such trauma involves four
overlapping processes of transformation from the invisible to the, visible
self: (1) Awakening to incest by becoming aware of the invisible self and its
symptoms; the use of symptom-focused strategies prior to awakening; and the
need to acknowledge the incest and/or its impact, (2) Understanding the self
impacted by incest by creating witness through self- and other-disclosure; and
understanding the profound effect of incest on the self, (3) Honoring the
intrapsychic self by validating and accepting self, including emotions;
grieving losses and accepting life; and coping and empowerment, and (4)
Healing the relational self by communicating with family members; forgiving
and reconciling; and changing the legacy in the families of procreation.
Conditions affecting self-transformation include abuse context, spirituality,
culture, time, support, motivation, choice, effort, maturity, and inner
strength.  The outcome of self-transformation includes peace; renewed
spirituality; capacity to integrate emotions into the self and a decrease in
emotional struggles; increase in self-worth; empowerment; relational healing;
and a growing sense of self. The transformation process is spiral, and occurs
at different levels over time. Despite extensive self-transformation, the
process is ongoing due to limitations posed by the incest trauma and ongoing
awareness.
========================================

Title: Editorial: Perhaps just a bad dream.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sluzki, Carlos E.
Source/Citation: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry; Vol 72(4) Oct 2002, US:
American Psychological Assn/Educational Publishing Foundation; 2002, 467-468
Abstract/Review/Citation: Addresses issues of religion and spirituality in
health care policy.
========================================

Title: Metaphoria:  Metaphor and guided metaphor for psychotherapy and healing.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Battino, Rubin
Source/Citation: Williston, VT, US: Crown House Publishing Limited; 2002, (xxii,
350)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Explores the potential of metaphor. In a systematic
analysis of the effectiveness of metaphor, this book examines: the structure
of a metaphor, the delivery of metaphor, what makes a metaphor work. The book
also investigates: the application of metaphor for all ages, the use of
metaphor in specific approaches, language forms, and metaphor in Ericksonian
psychotherapy and hypnosis.
Notes/Comments:  Foreword Preface Contributors Introduction Language
for metaphor Delivery of metaphor Basic metaphor--Structure and development
Analysis of published metaphors Advanced metaphor Richard R. Kopp's metaphor
therapy Guided metaphor Reframing as metaphor Metaphoric psychotherapy and
hypnotherapy Ambiguous-function assignment as metaphor Ordeal therapy as
metaphor As-if, the miracle question, and metaphor Narrative therapy The arts
as psychotherapeutic and healing metaphors Psychodrama and metaphor Joan
Chappell Mathias, M.D. Guided metaphor for healing Preparation for surgery and
other interventions Metaphors for meaning and spirituality Rituals and Closing thoughts Bibliography Index metaphor; language forms;
Ericksonian psychotherapy; hypnosis
========================================

Title: Dimensions of political attitudes and their relations with beliefs and
values in Hong Kong.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Keung, Doris Ka-Yi; Bond, Michael Harris
Author Affiliation: Chinese U of Hong Kong, Dept of Psychology, Shatin, Hong Kong
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies: Special Issue:
Multiple faces of indigenous Chinese psychology.; Vol 3(1) 2002, Hong Kong:
Hong Kong Psychological Society; 2002, 133-154
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined the structure of political attitudes among
204 college students (aged 18-23 yrs), relating the endorsement of these
political attitudes to their values and social beliefs, in the Chinese society
of Hong Kong. A 32-item measure of political attitudes was developed, building
on previous research (M. C. Ashton et al, 2001) and incorporating items of
local relevance to Hong Kong. Consistent with previous research in other
cultural settings, 2 dimensions of political attitudes were identified,
egalitarianism and freedom from regulation. Both dimensions of political
attitudes correlated with certain dimensions of value and of social belief.
Freedom from regulation was, however, predicted by the belief dimension of
spirituality over and above its prediction by both dimensions of value,
indicating the additional importance of the belief construct in the political
arena. The higher male endorsement of freedom from regulation was unpackaged
and explained in terms of the lower male belief in spirituality.
========================================

Title: Healing internalized racism: The role of a within-group sanctuary among
people of African descent.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Watts-Jones, Dee
Source/Citation: Family Process; Vol 41(4) Win 2002, US: Family Process; 2002,
591-601
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article addresses the role of a
"within-group" sanctuary for healing internalized racism among
people of African descent. Internalized racism is distinguished from racism,
juxtaposing the different experience of those who are oppressed and those who
are privileged by racism. It is suggested that a context consisting
exclusively of persons of African descent can provide an optimally safe space
for initial stages of healing from internalized racism. The anxiety that a
collective of African descendants can generate among whites, and subsequently
among those of African descent, is examined by raising questions as to its
possible meanings. Whites are encouraged to use their privilege to support
such self-determined sanctuaries, rather than to obstruct them. People of
African descent are encouraged to tolerate the anxiety that can be generated
without "changing back," and to examine whether internalized racism
is also implicated.
========================================

Title: Painting, psychoanalysis and spirituality.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Newton, Stephen James
Source/Citation: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association; Vol 50(4)
Fal 2002, US: AnaIytic Press; 2002, 1356-1359
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book: Stephen James Newton (Au.) Painting,
Psychoanalysis and Spirituality. Cambridge University Press, 2001, xvi + 264
pp. Reviewed by Gilbert J. Rose.
========================================

Title: Early Freud and late Freud: Reading anew  Studies on Hysteria  and  Moses
and Monotheism.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Grubrich-Simitis, Ilse
Source/Citation: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association; Vol 50(4)
Fal 2002, US: AnaIytic Press; 2002, 1401-1404
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book: Ilse Grubrich-Simitis (Au.) Early
Freud and Late Freud: Reading Anew  Studies on Hysteria  and  Moses and
Monotheism. London: Routledge, 1997, 119 pp. Reviewed by Richard J. Bernstein.
========================================

Title: How could God? Loss and the spiritual assumptive world.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Doka, Kenneth
Source/Citation: Loss of the assumptive world:  A theory of traumatic loss., New
York, NY, US: Brunner-Routledge; 2002, (xii, 246), 49-54 The series in trauma
and loss.
Source editor(s): Kauffman, Jeffrey (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: The goal of this chapter is to focus specifically on
the ways that loss challenges the spiritual assumptive world. The chapter
defines what it means to experience loss of the assumptive world, discusses
the spiritual impact of such a loss, and describes the ways that loss can
cause individuals to question prior beliefs. A second issue is also
explored--how individuals can reconstruct their spirituality in the face of loss.
========================================

Title: The relative influence of youth and adult experiences on personal
spirituality and church involvement.
Author(s)/Editor(s): O'Connor, Thomas P.; Hoge, Dean R.; Alexander, Estrelda
Author Affiliation: Catholic U of America, Washington, DC, US Wesley Theological
Seminary, Washington, DC, US
Source/Citation: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion; Vol 41(4) Dec
2002, US: Blackwell Publishers; 2002, 723-732
Abstract/Review/Citation: Surveyed 206 young adults who had grown up in
middle-class churches in 3 denominations (Baptist, Catholic, and Methodist)
who were first studied at age 16 in 1976. The goal was to assess the relative
strength of youth and adult influences on their personal religious and
institutional church involvement at age 38. Three theories were tested in
terms of being able to explain these influences: family life cycle theory,
social learning theory, and cultural broadening theory. The determinants of
these 2 outcomes at 38 varied widely. For personal spirituality such as
private prayer, attending Bible classes, and reading religious material,
results show strong youth and adult determinants such as the denomination of
one's youth, church youth group participation, having an experience since high
school that changed their feelings about the church, and attending church with
one's spouse. For church involvement, however, all but one of the determinants
occurred after age 16, mainly the experiences of being inactive in church
after high school, switching denominations, having children, and going to
church with one's spouse. Social learning theory was the best theory for
explaining these findings.
========================================

Title: Exceptional human experiences, disclosure, and a more inclusive view of
physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Palmer, Genie; Braud, William
Author Affiliation: Inst of Transpersonal Psychology, Palo Alto, CA, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology; Vol 34(1) 2002, US:
Journal of Transpersonal Psychology; 2002, 29-61
Abstract/Review/Citation: The nature, accompaniments, and life impacts of 5
types of exceptional human experiences (EHEs: mystical, psychic, unusual
death-related, encounter, and exceptional normal) were explored, using
correlational and qualitative analyses in a sample of male and female adults.
An experimental design and standardized assessments were used to explore
possible beneficial outcomes of working with and disclosing EHEs, individually
or in psychoeducational groups. EHEs occurred frequently, were perceived as
meaningful and important, and their disclosure was perceived as beneficial.
Correlational results indicated that frequent and/or profound EHEs were
positively and significantly related to high levels of meaning and purpose in
life, high levels of spirituality, 'thin' or permeable boundaries, and a
tendency toward transformative life changes. Disclosure was positively and significantly associated with meaning and purpose in life, positive attitudes and well-being, and reduced stress-related symptoms.  Qualitative analyses revealed that EHEs and their disclosure were accompaniedby themes of well-being, meaning, openness, spirituality, need-satisfaction, and transformative change.
========================================

Title: Bisexual women as emblematic sexual healers and the problematics of the
embodied sacred whore.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hutchins, Loraine
Source/Citation: Journal of Bisexuality; Vol 2(2-3) 2002, US: Haworth Press;
2002, 205-226
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses current feminist theorizing on the  sacred
whore  and the embodiment of the  sacred whore  in bisexual females. The 
sacred whore  originated during the 2nd wave of feminism during the 1970s. She
was imagined as an archetype evocative of ancient times when erotic
priestesses plied their sexual healing arts in temples dedicated to female
deities. The image of the female as  sacred whore  is a central part of new
popular sacred sex cosmologies. Since the 1990s, an expanding range of
females, including sex workers, nurses, massage therapists, and ministers,
have begun to call themselves holy prostitute or something similar, taking
their place among artists, activists, and philosophers in redefining
contemporary cultural constructs of sexuality and spirituality. For centuries,
bisexual females have been prominent in the ranks of sex educators and erotic
healers, since they love beyond gender and teach others to serve as societal
and erotic change agents. However, bisexual females often work within a system
of male dominance, which eroticizes them more as objects than as
representations of divinity.
========================================

Title: Cancer: The lived experience of the older adult.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Pentz, Martin J. Kelly
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 63(5-A) Dec 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 1999
Abstract/Review/Citation: Half of those who are diagnosed with cancer in any
given year are over age 65. Approximately 3.1 million males and 2.3 million
females over age 65 became ill with cancer in 2000. The purpose of this study
was to investigate the psychosocial experience of the older adult with cancer
to enable social workers to better serve this population. It is not clear from
previous research whether their lived experience in adapting to cancer is
different from that of younger persons. Thirteen older adults with cancer were
interviewed in-depth along with a focus group of three oncology social
workers. Older adults are often viewed as frail and not able to contribute to
society or continue to grow as a person. In contrast, the older adults in this
study were mostly resilient and full of life, despite the possible devastation
of cancer. The themes that emerged from the data were almost unanimously
positive: (1) social support, (2) a positive attitude (acceptance, gratitude,
keeping a present-focus), (3) spirituality-faith (belief in God, hope, and
helping others), (4) positive coping (past coping, assertive behavior,
reminiscing, and humor), and (5) loss (loss of weight and appetite, loss of
energy and self-care ability, loss of social relationships, loss of
activities, and loss of belief in one's competence). Practice applications,
including reminiscent therapy and spiritual eldering, are discussed in
relation to working with resilient and non-resilient older adults with cancer.
========================================

Title: The role of self-efficacy and spirituality in classroom performance.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Holland, Malvern Carlyle Jr.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 63(5-A) Dec 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 1708
Abstract/Review/Citation: The primary objective of this study was to determine
whether spirituality and self-efficacy contribute to academic success as
measured by grade point average. Additionally, the study sought to determine
whether certain demographic variables played a role in determining grade point
average.  Data was collected from a total of 260 participants. Following a
screening process that eliminated incomplete surveys, a total of 235
participant surveys were analyzed. Participants were asked to fill out three
survey instruments: The College Self-efficacy Instrument (Solberg, Obrien,
Villarreal, Kennel, and Davis, 1993); The Spiritual Orientation Inventory
(Elkins, Hedstrum, Hughes, Leaf, and Saunders, 1988); and a demographic
survey.  The study was correlational in nature and sought to determine the
relationships that existed among the variables. Multiple correlations and
regression analyses were used in the analysis. College self-efficacy and grade
point average were found to have a moderate correlation. Course efficacy and
social efficacy, two of the three sub-scales on the College Self-efficacy
Instrument, had moderate correlations with grade point average. A weak
correlation was found between college self-efficacy and spirituality. No
correlation was found between the Spirituality Orientation Inventory or the
nine subscales that make up this instrument and grade point average.  The
research examined the interaction effects that exist among self-efficacy,
spirituality, an interaction variable derived from the two variables, and
grade point average. No strong relationships were found, although there was
some relationship between self-efficacy and the interaction variable when
regressed against grade point average. Self-efficacy contributes the most variance in determining grade point average. Examination of the demographic
variables indicated that if an individual had ever gotten married, was white,
and had low ethnic identification, his or her grade point average would tend
to be higher. No other demographic variables had a relationship with grade
point average.  Applications of the findings to education were discussed.
Implications for future research were proposed.
========================================

Title: The soul of scholarship:  The relationship between academic achievement
and religious orientation of college-bound high school seniors.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Williams, Karmen Petersen
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 63(5-A) Dec 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 1747
Abstract/Review/Citation: Previous research has suggested a relationship between
religiousness and various aspects of physical and mental health; however, an
examination of the relationship between religious orientation and academic
achievement appears to be an under-explored area of empirical research. The
present study investigated the relationship of academic achievement and
religious orientation of college-bound high school seniors.  The Intrinsic and
Extrinsic subscales of Allport's (Allport & Ross, 1967) Religious
Orientation Scale and the Quest subscale of Batson's (Batson & Ventis,
1982) Religious Life Inventory were interspersed into a 32-item Likert-style
questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered in both large group and
small group format to college-bound high school seniors from three public high
schools. Results yielded 295 usable questionnaires. Self-reported demographic
data, measures of academic achievement, and religious orientation subscale
mean scores were analyzed using an SPSS program. An analysis of correlations
was run using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's nonparametric
rank correlation test. Group median split scores were used to classify the
participant pool into the quadrants of the Fourfold Typology (Allport, 1967;
Hood, 1970). The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests revealed that
religiousness had a statistically significant effect on ACT composite scores,
GPA, and class rank. Tukey's post hoc test was employed to discover which
classifications of religiousness from the Fourfold Typology revealed ACT, GPA,
or class rank mean scores that differed significantly.  The findings indicated
that females scored higher on all measures of religiousness, supporting
existing research that suggests that women appear to be more religious than
men (Batson et al, 1993). Female average group scores in all measures of
academic achievement were higher, although males scored in the highest ranks
of each measure. The major patterns found in the study indicate that there is
a positive relationship between Intrinsic religiousness and academic
achievement; that a meaningful 'lived' religiousness is positively related to
academic achievement. There was a negative relationship between Extrinsic
religiousness and academic achievement, suggesting that a faith for
utilitarian purposes embodies characteristics that are incongruous with the
characteristics needed to achieve academically. There were no other consistent
patterns in the findings. The mixed results of this study point to the need
for further research into the relationship of spirituality and scholarship.
========================================

Title: Understanding the face of HIV/AIDS:  Filipino men who have sex with men.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Africa, Ronela Jei
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(5-B) Dec 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 2570
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study explores the lives of Filipino men who have
been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Originally from the Philippines, seven men who
identify as men having sex with men-gay, bisexual or transgendered-were
interviewed about their experiences living with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this
study was to investigate the effects of HIV/AIDS on the lives of these men. A
qualitative research design was used as the research tool to understand the
participants' experience. Significant demographic information such as age,
religious background, level of education and employment was gathered about
these participants to gain an understanding of their background and provide a
descriptive context for their experiences. Questions addressing the effects of
HIV/AIDS included the meaning ascribed to havi

ng HIV/AIDS, the effects on
health, spirituality, beliefs on death and illness, and the role or influence
of culture in their experience of being ill.  The results of the study showed
that having HIV/AIDS definitely affected them in different ways including
sexual and health practices, attitudes on death and illness, spirituality, and
attitudes about sex and homosexuality. The men attributed positive meanings to
having HIV/AIDS: an opportunity for personal and spiritual growth, and to
improve relationships with family and friends. Participants used this event
(having HIV/AIDS) as an opportunity to improve the quality of their lives. All
the men agreed that the impact of culture, religion, and family values play a
significant role in their experience of having HIV/AIDS. The meaning
constructed by these participants were related to the cultural and family
values to which they were adhering.  The study suggests that to reach out to
the Filipino HIV/AIDS community, proper education about HIV/AIDS needs to
occur. It also suggests that proper intervention and prevention measures will
have to include addressing strong culturally and religiously held beliefs on
sex, homosexuality and illness.
========================================

Title: Empowered by choices of entrepreneurship:  An intervention for female
African American high school students through the My Entrepreneurial Journey
(MEJ) program.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Jones, Margaret Ann
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(5-B) Dec 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 2632
Abstract/Review/Citation: The number of women entrepreneurs has significantly
increased since 1987 and continues to grow. Furthermore, thirteen percent of
all women owned minority women own businesses. The success and growth rate of
Asian American and Hispanic women owned businesses however, far outpace the
success and growth rates of African-American women owned businesses. Research
discusses two factors relevant to successful entrepreneurial pursuits. The
first factor is early exposure to an entrepreneurial parent, relative or close
friend. Studies have shown that exposure to an entrepreneurial role model
greatly increases one's likelihood of pursuing entrepreneurship as a career
option, citing that people are more likely to 'do' what they 'see.' The second
factor related to successful entrepreneurship is the awareness of and access
to human, social and financial capital resources and/or skill development.
African American women lack both the entrepreneurial role model as well as the
awareness of and access to the resources deemed necessary for small business
development and growth. The present research seeks to narrow this gap with the
female African-American community. Utilizing the experiences of practicing
African American female entrepreneurs and the perceptions of African-American
female youth hold regarding small business ownership, and the literature on
entrepreneurial education, the researcher has designed a 14-week
entrepreneurial program for African-American female high school students. The
purpose of the program, entitled My Entrepreneurial Journey (MEJ), is to
introduce entrepreneurship as a career option at an early age.  The program
share fundamental principles of other youth entrepreneur education programs,
but differs from them in the following ways. First, the MEJ program
incorporates elements of spirituality and encourages self-esteem and
self-knowledge development. Second, the program integrates a mentoring
relationship so the participants will have continued supports in the  achievement ofstablished future goals after completing the program. Third, the program has African-American women entrepreneurs as guest speakers so that the participants can learn from the experiences of these small business owners. Limitations of this study and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
========================================

Title: An exploration of culture and coping:  The experience of Latina women
with breast cancer.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kellison, Laura Jeanne Stein
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(5-B) Dec 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 2588
Abstract/Review/Citation: This exploratory study gathered information on the
experience of Latina women with breast cancer. The emphasis was on coping  responses, both behavioral and cognitive, from the time of diagnosis through
treatment. The purpose was to evaluate such responses within a culturally
appropriate framework. Other areas assessed included attribution, satisfaction
with health care, and feelings about control and the future.  Ten Latina women
diagnosed with breast cancer participated in this study, which involved a
semi-structured interview, an acculturation scale, and two measures to assess
psychological state; the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen, Kamarck, &
Mermelstein, 1983), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS; McNair, Loor, &
Droppleman, 1981). The sample was found to be lower to be in acculturation,
and the majority were Mexican-American women (n = 9). Qualitative data
analysis was performed in order to identify common themes in the data. The
analysis revealed that spirituality was the most utilized coping strategy for
this group of women and confirms the importance of faith, religion, and
spirituality as a culturally based coping strategy. In this study, 100% of the women mentioned how their faith had helped them cope with breast cancer.
Spirituality was present in both cognitive and behavioral coping responses to
a breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. The second main finding was the
significance of family in the coping process and affirms the importance of
family as a cultural value that is important to Latinas. With respect to
health care satisfaction, the main theme that emerged was that 80% of the
sample felt that they had not been given enough information about what was
happening to them and what the future would hold. This led to feeling
dissatisfied with their ability to make decisions regarding their health care,
although 70% did feel that they had more control over the breast cancer at the
time of the interview than at the time of diagnosis and/or treatment. An
analysis of attribution did not yield any common themes.  The findings from
this study have implications for both the psychological and medical
communities that interact with the specific population included in this study:
lower acculturated Mexican and Central American women coping with breast
cancer. These include acknowledging faith, spirituality, and family as a key
part of the coping process and ensuring that women are being provided with as
much explanation, education, and information about breast cancer as they need
during this difficult process.
========================================

Title: The lived-experience of psychospiritual integration:  A qualitative study
with licensed psychotherapists who actively integrate spirituality into their
practice of psychotherapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): White, Frank E.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(5-B) Dec 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 2613
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study contributes to an understanding of the
impact of the spirituality of therapists who actively integrate spirituality
into their clinical practice. The study consisted of 7 female and 5 male
licensed psychotherapists from Montana, Minnesota, Texas, and California,  ranging in age from 49-75 years, with more than 15 years of clinical
experience. Ethnic diversity included one African American, one Native
American, and one Japanese American. Participants were asked to explore their
lived-experience of psychospiritual integration (PSI) rather than how they
integrated spirituality in a therapeutic setting. None of the participants had
been formally trained to include spiritual and religious components in a
clinical setting. The goal of this study was to obtain a deep and robust
description of PSI through a phenomenologically informed analysis of data from
a single semi-structured interview with each participant. The resulting
analysis conceptualized the PSI phenomenon as having 4 core themes: (a)
Universality and Transparency-the process by which spiritual events become
integrated into one's life and by which mental-egoic structures evolve towards
the transegoic and universal; (b) Spirituality is the Basis of Everything-the
teleological basis on which PSI is founded; (c) Receptivity to That Which is
Greater Than the Self-the method of engagement with the sacred and the role of
the participants in the PSI phenomenon, including acts of surrender and
openness; and (d) Mystery and the Tolerance for the Unknown-the motivation
behind PSI and its perpetuation. The sense of mystery is perceived as the
basis of curiosity, creativity, joy, awe, wonder, grief, and loss. Tolerance
for the unknown determines therapeutic interventions and the unfolding
therapeutic process. The findings of this study contribute to the body of
research on spirituality and psychotherapy assisting therapists to respond
ethically and competently to the diverse spiritual needs of their clients.
========================================

Title: A transpersonal approach to relapse prevention:  An exploration of the
determinants of relapse during a period of long-term sobriety.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Nosal, Barbara
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(5-B) Dec 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 2597
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study explored the experiences of 12 individuals
in recovery from substance dependence in order to discover the predictors of
relapse in long-term sobriety. It validated the importance of remaining active
in 12-step programs and indicated that for some individuals 12-step programs
did not provide adequate support and additional adjuncts to recovery were
needed. The participants (5 men, 7 women, ages 28-70, 11 Caucasian, and 1
African-American) had been sober a minimum of 5 years yet relapsed, and were
currently sober a minimum of 6 months. Through interviews and written
questionnaires participants recounted events and experiences that preceded and
contributed to relapse, the actual event of relapse, and current sobriety.
This study used a thematic analysis and grounded theory method, from which
themes and patterns emerged and theories were constructed.  The data suggested
that many of the predictors of relapse in long-term sobriety are the same as
those in early sobriety. However, predictors in long-term sobriety were often
more subtle and accompanied by denial, complacency, and arrogance. Common
experiences in long-term sobriety illustrated the importance of managing
emotional states, particularly anger, depression, and stress, and addressing
relationship, career, and physical health issues, as well as the significance
of spirituality and creativity in relapse prevention. Even though it was shown
that a combination of these factors most often precedes relapse, inattention
to even one life situation, or not addressing issues that commonly arise in
later stages of recovery, may threaten sobriety. In addition, it was found
that success and overall satisfaction in life could lead to relapse. The
results of this research supported the premise that an integrated holistic
approach to relapse prevention would be the preferred method of treatment, and
suggested a variety of methods and modalities which could be easily
incorporated into a successful long-term recovery program.
========================================

Title: Marital satisfaction and personality.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Fitzpatrick, Nivla Y.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(5-B) Dec 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 2638
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study examined marital satisfaction and its
relationship to the similarity in personality traits between spouses.
Participants completed a self-report questionnaire on attitudes, traits,
preferences and skills in order to explore the following hypotheses. When
spouses are similar on basic traits of personality, does it make for a happier
marriage? Are persons more focused on interior or social qualities of a mate
when selecting their spouse? Does this selection strategy make for a happier
marriage? Does a person's own trait of spirituality indicate a focus on
interior qualities for mate selection? The results of this study showed that
similarity in the areas of Spirituality, Openness, and Agreeableness had
predictive power for relationship to marital adjustment across both genders.
Additionally, similarity in Conscientiousness predicted marital satisfaction
for men and similarity in Neuroticism predicted marital satisfaction for women.
========================================

Title: The emergent construct of spiritual intelligence:  The synergy of science
and spirit.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Delaney, Mary Katherine
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(5-B) Dec 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 2565
Abstract/Review/Citation: This qualitative study investigated the emerging
language of spiritual intelligence. Erickson's analytic induction method was
used on data collected from a Lexis-Nexis search of the printed media using
the key search terms 'spiritual intelligence', 'religion and psychology' and
"spirituality and psychology', and from the discourse of 7 spiritually
oriented therapeutic conferences. The analysis of the Lexis-Nexis search and
conference documents was conducted separately from the analysis of fieldwork
transcripts in order to compare and contrast preliminary empirical assertions
about the language of spiritual intelligence. Three broad categories, known as
global assertions, and five overarching principles, known as assertions, were
found. An underlying assumption of this study is that language constructs
reality, which is the framework for the 3 global assertions: (a) spiritual
intelligence emerged from the discourse of spirituality, and spirituality
emerged from the discourse of religion; (b) spiritual intelligence is a
holistic intelligence; and (c) spiritual intelligence is an inclusive
construct. Five assertions, (a) the key to developing spiritual intelligence
is to value diversity, (b) spiritual intelligence defines reality as
multidimensional, (c) consciousness includes multiple ways of knowing, (d)
people with spiritual intelligence have a distinctive relationship with the
world around them, and (e) rituals are vehicles for spiritual intelligence,
were found with near uniformity in all the data sources. This study provides
strong support for Kathleen D. Noble's definition of spiritual intelligence.
========================================

Title: Religious and spiritual coping in children with chronic illness.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ezop, Sharon Jeanne
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 63(5-B) Dec 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 2580
Abstract/Review/Citation: The present study addressed whether children and
adolescents with a chronic illness utilize religious coping methods to cope
with illness-related stressors and how their religious coping then relates to
their adjustment. To examine this topic, a modified youth-oriented, disease
specific religious coping scale was developed from an adult religious coping
scale. Then, a sample of children and adolescents with asthma, along with
their parent/guardian, provided information about their families' religiosity
and other socio-demographic data, the secular and religious coping methods
used by the youth to cope with asthma-related stressors, and the youth's
general and asthma-specific adjustment problems.  It was found that children
and adolescents endorsed moderate use of positive religious coping and limited
use of negative religious coping. Furthermore, parents' perceptions of the
role religious coping plays in their children's coping processes were fairly
concordant with the children's perceptions. The wide range of endorsed
strategies indicates that religious coping provides several functions for
coping with illness-related stressors, such as achieving a sense of control
over the illness and/or feeling a sense of spiritual comfort and support. The
children and families' moderate-to-high degree of religiosity related to the
children's more frequent endorsement of positive religious coping methods but
not to negative religious coping.  The youth also were found to use several
forms of secular coping strategies to cope with illness-related stressors,
such as approach-, avoidance-, and distraction-types. It appears that youth
are utilizing a combination of religious and secular coping strategies to
manage their asthma. Finally, it was found that religious coping, especially  negative religious coping, modestly to moderately related to poorer general
and asthma-specific adjustment. Secular coping, especially avoidance coping,
also was found to modestly to strongly relate to general and asthma-specific
maladjustment. When teasing out religious versus secular coping prediction of
maladjustment, results revealed that religious coping added unique variance to
the prediction of general and asthma-specific maladjustment above and beyond
effects of socio-demographic variables but was limited to contributing only to
the prediction of asthma-specific maladjustment above and beyond effects of
secular coping.
========================================

Title: The new agents: Personal transfiguration and radical privatization in New
Age self help.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Redden, Guy
Source/Citation: Journal of Consumer Culture; Vol 2(1) Mar 2002, United Kingdom:
Sage Publications; 2002, 33-52
Abstract/Review/Citation: The New Age is a broad milieu which allows
participants to undertake a range of activities in pursuit of
self-improvement. Often characterized as a form of religious consumerism in
the popular media, it does not easily fit into received church-sect models of
the sociology of religion. This article argues that the movement's market-type
organizational logic, in which individuals typically choose from a range of
belief options rather than commit to a central doctrine, is consonant with the
privatist concerns of personal authority and self-care found in its discourse.
However, at the same time, the New Age does not reduce to some simple
acquisitive consumerism. It is better understood as offering solutions to the
problem of personal agency in a post-traditional society which obliges
individuals to assume the burden of plotting their own destinies.
========================================

Title: A commentary: The role of religion and spirituality at the end of life.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Koenig, Harold G.
Source/Citation: Gerontologist; Vol 42(SpecIssue3) Oct 2002, US: Gerontological
Society of America; 2002, 20-23
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides a commentary to the J. Kayser-Jones article
that investigated the process of providing end-of-life care to residents who were dying in nursing homes. The author addresses the role of religion and spirituality in death and dying and examines the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of 5 groups:
the dying person, the family, the health care provider, the nonreligious dying
person, and the dying person without a family.
========================================

Title: A biopsychosocial-spiritual model for the care of patients at the end of life.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sulmasy, Daniel P.
Source/Citation: Gerontologist; Vol 42(SpecIssue3) Oct 2002, US: Gerontological
Society of America; 2002, 24-33
Abstract/Review/Citation: Presents a model for research and practice that
expands on the biopsychosocial model to include the spiritual concerns of
patients. Literature reveals that the healing professions should serve the
needs of patients as whole persons. Persons can be considered
beings-in-relationship, and illness can be considered a disruption in
biological relationships that in turn affects all the other relational aspects
of a person. Spirituality concerns a person's relationship with transcendence.
Therefore, genuinely holistic health care must address the totality of the
patient's relational existence--physical, psychological, social, and
spiritual. The literature suggests that many patients would like health
professionals to attend to their spiritual needs, but health professionals
must be morally cautious and eschew proselytizing in any form. Four general
domains for measuring various aspects of spirituality are distinguished:
religiosity, religious coping and support, spiritual well-being, and spiritual
need. A framework for understanding the interactions between these domains is
presented. Available instruments are reviewed and critiqued. An agenda for
research in the spiritual aspects of illness and care at the end of life is
proposed.
========================================

Title: A commentary: Hospital experience and meaning at the end of life.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kaufman, Sharon R.
Source/Citation: Gerontologist; Vol 42(SpecIssue3) Oct 2002, US: Gerontological
Society of America; 2002, 34-39
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides a commentary to D. P. Sulmasy's article that presents a model for research and practice that expands on the biopsychosocial model to include the spiritual concerns of patients. The current author emphasizes the importance of the relationship between health professionals and a dying patient. The author also highlights examples from her own research that illustrate how family hopes and perceptions are often played out and how multiple and conflicting meanings are
brought to bear on the care of dying hospital patients.
========================================

Title: A commentary: Cross-cultural quality-of-life assessment at the end of life.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Saxena, Shekhar; O'Connell, Kathryn; Underwood, Lynn
Author Affiliation: World Health Organization, Dept of Mental Health &
Substance Dependence, Geneva, Switzerland Fetzer Inst, Kalamazoo, MI, US
Source/Citation: Gerontologist; Vol 42(SpecIssue3) Oct 2002, US: Gerontological
Society of America; 2002, 81-85
Abstract/Review/Citation: Explores the cross-cultural aspects of quality-of-life
assessment at end of life. This paper focuses on the World Health Organization
Quality of Life (WHOQOL) instrument that assesses 24 facets of quality of life
subsumed within 6 domains. The authors address the further development of the
domain of spirituality, religiousness, and personal beliefs with respect to
work done toward developing 2 new WHOQOL modules: a module for the assessment
of quality of life in persons who are living with HIV/AIDS and a specific
module on assessing spiritual, religious, and personal beliefs.
========================================

Title: Self-efficacy beliefs as predictors of loneliness and psychological
distress in older adults.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Fry, Prem S.; Debats, Dominique L.
Author Affiliation: U Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Source/Citation: International Journal of Aging & Human Development; Vol
55(3) 2002, US: Baywood Publishing; 2002, 233-269 The present study tested the hypothesis that
  self-efficacy beliefs of elderly persons are significantly stronger predictors
of loneliness and psychological distress than are demographics, social
support, and physical health variables used in earlier predictor models. A
sample of 141 women and 101 men, aged 65-86 yrs, reporting a wide range of
health status from "poor' to "excellent' was drawn from the region
of Southern Alberta. Standard self-report measures were used to assess
perceived self-efficacy in 8 different domains. Findings from a series of
hierarchical regression analyses that were conducted separately for men,
women, and the combined sample supported the hypothesis concerning the
superiority of the self-efficacy variables as predictors of loneliness and
psychological distress. Gender-specific variations revealed that women's
stronger self-efficacy domains in the interpersonal, social, and emotional
realms, and men's stronger self-efficacy beliefs in the instrumental,
financial, and physical realms predicted less loneliness and psychological
distress. Spiritual self-efficacy emerged as being the most potent predictor,
accounting for the largest percentage of explained variance in loneliness and
psychological distress in the women's and combined sample.
========================================

Title: The spiritual recovery manual:  Vedic knowledge and yogic techniques to
accelerate recovery.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Williams, Patrick Gresham
Source/Citation: Palo Alto, CA, US: Incandescent Press; 2002, (270)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This book is for addicts, codependents, adult children
of alcoholics--and their friends and family. It is for anyone who has
experienced trauma and for anyone that counsels or wants to better understand
addiction. It is for everyone who wants a better life. This manual will
accelerate your recovery and deepen your understanding of addiction. You will
learn how to revitalize your body, strengthen your mind, and lead a happy,
harmonious life. Based on a complete theory of human development, this manual
has vital information not included in other recovery books. It describes
practical knowledge and techniques--advanced recovery tools--in fifteen areas:
meditation; lifestyle; self-diagnosis; detoxifying; herbal healing; sense
therapy; food; exercise; yoga; advanced mental techniques; life-patterns;
intellect; group dynamics of consciousness; bliss; and relationships.
========================================

Title: Pleasurable activities and mood: Differences between Latina and Caucasian
dementia family caregivers.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Thompson, Larry W.; Solano, Nancy; Kinoshita, Lisa; Coon, David W.; Mausbach, Brent; Gallagher-Thompson, Dolores
Author Affiliation: Stanford U School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, US Stanford U
School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, US Inst on Aging, San Francisco, CA, US
Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto, CA, US Stanford U School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Mental Health & Aging; Vol 8(3) Fal 2002, US:
Springer Publishing; 2002, 211-224
Abstract/Review/Citation: Compared 147 Caucasian (mean age 61.4 yrs) and 110
Latina (mean age 51.7 yrs) female caregivers on the extent to which they
engage in pleasant activities and the relationship between this and level of
depression. An abbreviated version of the Older Persons Pleasant Events Scale
and the complete Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale was
administered. Caucasians engaged more frequently in activities pertaining to
Social Recognition, Social Intimacy, Reflection, and Nature than Latinas,
while Latinas engaged more frequently in activities pertaining to spirituality
than Caucasians. There was no difference between the two on Leisure
activities. Latinas had higher "obtained pleasure" scores than
Caucasians on spiritual activities, and Caucasians had higher scores than
Latinas on Nature activities. Obtained pleasure was similar for the two groups
in other activity categories. Level of obtained pleasure was negatively
related to level of depression in both ethnic groups. The results support the
value of routinely engaging in pleasurable activities as a useful strategy for
coping with feelings of depression and chronic stress of family caregiving.
However, the specific activities that are perceived as pleasurable vary among
caregivers of different ethnicities.
========================================

Title: Attention: A potential vehicle for spiritual care.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Stamworth, Rachel
Source/Citation: Journal of Palliative Care; Vol 18(3) Fal 2002, Canada:
Clinical Research Inst of Montreal/Ctr for Bioethics; 2002, 192-195
Abstract/Review/Citation: This paper argues for the committed attention by
another as a vehicle of spiritual care for the terminally ill. The author
explores the concepts of spirituality and spiritual care for dying people;
spiritual care can be the most simple act of caring that is somehow translated
into the realm of spiritual comforting. The notion of "attention"
encompasses vigilance, effort and development, and the acts of attracting,  giving, or paying attention to another. Ultimately, attention is about carers
developing a receptive stillness and intuitive understanding. The paradox of
self-divestment in attention is explored. Finally, acts of care, when
genuinely performed, are seen as ethical confirmations of the worth and
potential of all people, regardless of their physical condition.
========================================

Title: Addiction and trauma recovery: Healing the body, mind and spirit.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Miller, Dusty; Guidry, Laurie
Author Affiliation: 7177, Serum osteocalcin levels in premenopausal rheumatoid
arthritis patients 
Source/Citation: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training; Vol 39(3)
Fal 2002, US: Div of Psychotherapy APA; 2002, 269-270
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book, Dusty Miller and Laurie Guidry (Aus.)
Addiction and Trauma Recovery: Healing the Body, Mind and Spirit. New York:
Norton, 2001, 288 pp. ISBN 0-393-70368-1. Reviewed by Judith Sprei.
========================================

Title: The meaning of being a Muslim: An aftermath of the twin towers episode.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Inayat, Qulsoom
Source/Citation: Counselling Psychology Quarterly; Vol 15(4) Dec 2002, United
Kingdom: Taylor & Francis/Carfax Publishing; 2002, 351-358
Abstract/Review/Citation: The bombing of the twin towers on September 11th,
2001, invoked public outcry. As the Americans have tried slowly to come to
terms with the annihilation of one of the utmost symbols of their dominance,
at the same time Muslims all over the world have had to face their own twin
disaster. The destruction of their current understanding of what it means to
be a Muslim and the need to grieve as human beings for the tragic loss of
human life, for which they are by implication responsible. This research
depicts the journey of five individuals who sought counselling in an effort to
come to terms with these phenomena. Discourse analysis of their conversations
highlights their struggle. A number of common themes emerge: loss (both of
life and of the current meaning of Islam), confusion, a need to be different
from the perpetuators and, for some, a need to reflect on other injustices
committed in the name of Islam. These themes are considered in the light of
the theory of psychosocial transitions and bereavement theory.
========================================

Title: Occupational therapy intervention with children survivors of war.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Simo-Algado, Salvador; Mehta, Nina; Kronenberg, Franciscus; Cockburn, Lynn; Kirsh, Bonnie
Author Affiliation: U Toronto, Dept of Occupational Therapy, Toronto, ON, Canada
U Toronto, Dept of Occupational Therapy, Toronto, ON, Canada 7177, Serum
osteocalcin levels in premenopausal rheumatoid arthritis patients   7177,
Serum osteocalcin levels in premenopausal rheumatoid arthritis patients 
Source/Citation: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy; Vol 69(4) Oct 2002,
Canada: Canadian Assn of Occupational Therapists; 2002, 205-217
Abstract/Review/Citation: A preventive occupational therapy program with
children surviving the Kosovo conflict is examined. The objective of the
program was to facilitate the emotional expression of traumatic experiences in
order to prevent the development of future psychological problems. The
intervention was based on a community-centered approach with spirituality as a
central focus of the intervention. The program was intended to serve primary
school-aged children (6-14 yrs). The Model of Human Occupation and the
Occupational Performance Process Model were utilized to guide the
identification and intervention of occupational performance issues. The
children's return from a land of war to a land of children demonstrates the
potential of occupational therapy intervention in this field. With increasing
awareness of populations facing social and political challenges, there is a
growing importance of the concept of occupational justice and the need to work
against occupational apartheid.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and clinical care.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Culliford, Larry
Source/Citation: BMJ: British Medical Journal; Vol 325(7378) Dec 2002, England:
British Medical Assn; 2002, 1434-1435
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses how spiritual values and skills are
increasingly recognized as necessary aspects of clinical care. In every human
being there seems to be a spiritual dimension, a quality that goes beyond
religious affiliation, that strives for inspiration, reverence, awe, meaning,
and purpose even in those who do not believe in God. The spiritual dimension
tries to be in harmony with the universe, strives for answers about the
infinite, and comes essentially into focus in times of emotional stress,
physical illness, loss, bereavement, and death. Mental health should be added
to this list. Guidance is available for doctors to assess spiritual needs and
provide for healing even when they are unable to cure.
========================================

Title: The ETHNIC(S) mnemonic: A clinical tool for ethnogeriatric education.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kobylarz, Fred A.; Heath, John M.; Like, Robert C.
Author Affiliation: U of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood
Johnson Medical School, Dept of Family Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, US U of
Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School,
Dept of Family Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, US
Source/Citation: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society; Vol 50(9) Sep 2002,
US: Blackwell Science; 2002, 1582-1589
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the explanation, treatment, healers,
negotiate, intervention, collaborate, spirituality (ETHNICS) framework for
culturally appropriate geriatric care. ETHNICS can serve as a clinically
applicable tool for eliciting and negotiating cultural issues during health
care encounters and provide a new instructional strategy to be incorporated
into ethnogeriatric curricula for all health care disciplines. Three case
vignettes concerning a Hispanic male (aged 65 yrs), a Chinese-American female
(aged 87 yrs), and an Italian female (aged 78 yrs) provide selected examples
in caring for culturally diverse older patients within the ETHNICS framework.
========================================

Title: Healing from the body level up.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Swack, Judith A.
Source/Citation: Energy psychology in psychotherapy:  A comprehensive
sourcebook., New York, NY, US: W. W. Norton & Co, Inc; 2002, (xxxii, 432),
59-76 The Norton energy psychology series.
Source editor(s): Gallo, Fred P. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Healing from the body level up (HBLU) is a holistic
psychotherapeutic system that simultaneously addresses the somatic,
psychological, and spiritual aspects of an issue. It is a methodology (not a
technique) in which the client uses muscle testing to formulate a goal,
identify what is interfering with reaching the goal, and select the best
intervention for clearing the interference. When the interference pattern
clears, it does so on the client's conscious, unconscious, body, and soul
levels as confirmed by muscle testing and measurable behavioral results. This
chapter discusses the development of HBLU methodology, describes working with
the client and discusses HBLU treatment for trauma. Additionally, the chapter
provides protocol for clearing blocked access to emotion patterns and the
protocol for clearing the suspicion of blocked memory of trauma pattern. HBLU
provides healing practitioners with a method for treating trauma rapidly,
effectively, and safely by aligning the conscious, unconscious, body, and soul
levels, recognizing structural elements of the damage patterns, following
specific protocols, and utilizing effective techniques.
========================================

Title: Seemorg Matrix Work-super(TM): The transpersonal energy psychotherapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Clinton, Asha Nahoma
Source/Citation: Energy psychology in psychotherapy:  A comprehensive
sourcebook., New York, NY, US: W. W. Norton & Co, Inc; 2002, (xxxii, 432),
93-115 The Norton energy psychology series.
Source editor(s): Gallo, Fred P. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Seemorg Matrix Work (SMW)-super(TM ) utilizes the
movement of energy through the major energy centers of the body to remove the
negative aftereffects of trauma. In addition, it instills their positive
counterparts and nourishes spiritual development. A transpersonal
psychotherapy, it posits a new theory of trauma while incorporating some key
aspects of traditional psychotherapy into its theory and practice. SMW
consists of many protocols, matrices, meditations, processes, and practices.
When these methods are used is determined by a combination of intuition and
muscle testing, each verifying the other. This chapter discusses SMW
methodology and theory; the unconscious human connection in SMW; treating and
reuniting body, psyche, and spirit; and the therapeutic stance and goal of SMW. ========================================

Title: Dynamic Energetic Healing-super(TM): Trauma and soul work at the origins.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hammond-Newman, Mary; Brockman, Howard
Author Affiliation: Private Practice, Salem, OR, US
Source/Citation: Energy psychology in psychotherapy:  A comprehensive
sourcebook., New York, NY, US: W. W. Norton & Co, Inc; 2002, (xxxii, 432),
116-131 The Norton energy psychology series.
Source editor(s): Gallo, Fred P. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Dynamic Energetic Healing-super(TM ) (DEH) is an
innovative, client-centered model that blends the best of energy psychology
and the authors' backgrounds in process oriented theory, human development,
shamanism, hypnosis, and their individual eclectic spiritual paths. DEH guides
people to a place of thorough and complete emotional, mental, and spiritual
healing, as well as to a place of greater clarity regarding their life
purpose. DEH is as effective with couples, families, and communities as it is
with individuals. We have experimented with the energy tools, accessed our
intuition, listened intently to clients, and DEH has emerged from a
combination of these sources. Energy balancing strategies are incorporated
into strategies from the practitioners' previous therapy models to shift the
traumatic energy of past issues and complete the healing in the present. This
chapter discusses energetic origins, process oriented energy work, and
hypnosis. Additionally areas covered include the DEH model, working with
supernatural energies, and soul learnings and the gifts of a healing touch or
deep unconditional love.
========================================

Title: Integrative energy and spiritual therapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Friedman, Philip H.
Source/Citation: Energy psychology in psychotherapy:  A comprehensive
sourcebook., New York, NY, US: W. W. Norton & Co, Inc; 2002, (xxxii, 432),
198-215 The Norton energy psychology series.
Source editor(s): Gallo, Fred P. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Integrative energy and spiritual therapy (IEST)
integrates a wide variety of theories, tools and techniques in the energy and
spiritual arenas. Using intuition and assessment tools, the author selects
from these approaches and employs whatever tools work best for a particular
client. This chapter describes the background, model, theory, assessment
tools, procedures, techniques, outcomes, and examples of this integrative
approach.
========================================

Title: Using the biomonitor--an energy gauge for mind and body.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Levin, Hank
Source/Citation: Energy psychology in psychotherapy:  A comprehensive
sourcebook., New York, NY, US: W. W. Norton & Co, Inc; 2002, (xxxii, 432),
360-367 The Norton energy psychology series.
Source editor(s): Gallo, Fred P. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Many therapists have wished for some kind of gadget
that could be used to objectively identify hidden energies in a client's body,
determine the exact content of fears and other stress-related thoughts--and
even tell us conclusively how they have been affected by our therapy. In this
scientific method world, neither patient nor practitioner is expected to take
responsibility for such intangibles as thoughts or subtle energies. However,
more recent trends have taken into account that feelings, thoughts, and other
unseen energies have a direct bearing on people's wellness and happiness. One
way to demonstrate this relationship to clients, as well as to observe it for
ourselves, is to use the clearing biomonitor. This device is a relatively
simple version of galvanic skin response instrumentation. With it, we can
explore and observe the direct effect of mental "pictures" on a
person's feelings and behavior and body, specifically in relation to the
energy attending those mental pictures associated with arousal. Furthermore,
its utilization drastically reduces the time it takes to come to an
understanding of the spiritual significance of an individual's issues. The
author's purpose in this article is to stimulate individual investigation by
interested professionals.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and the maintenance of change: A phenomenological study of
women who leave abusive relationships.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Senter, Karolyn Elizabeth; Caldwell, Karen
Author Affiliation: Appalachian State U, Dept of Human Development &
Psychological Counseling, Boone, NC, US
Source/Citation: Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal; Vol
24(4) Dec 2002, US: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002, 543-564
Abstract/Review/Citation: This phenomenological study of nine women who
successfully interrupted the cycle of domestic violence focused on their
spiritual experiences. Twelve integrated themes emerged to provide a composite
description of the process of leaving abusive relationships and maintaining
this change. The oppressive nature of the abusive relationships restricted
growth as safety and survival were prioritized over self-development. The
leaving process afforded opportunities for the redirection of energy and
intention. A complex set of actions moved the women from false beliefs and
assumptions about themselves and their circumstances to beliefs that
ultimately led to healing and new perspectives of self, life, God, and others.
========================================

Title: Quality of life of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Van Heck, Guus L.; De Vries, Jolanda
Author Affiliation: Tilburg U, Dept of Clinical Health Psychology, Tilburg,
Netherlands
Source/Citation: Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; Vol 10(1) 2002, US:
Haworth Press; 2002, 17-35
Abstract/Review/Citation: Compared quality of life between 73 patients with
chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS, aged 21-62 yrs) and 147 healthy controls (aged
21-74 yrs) using a broad and generic quality of life assessment, the World
Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL-100). The WHOQOL-100 is
a self-assessment instrument designed for quantifying 24 facets relating to
quality of life. These facets are grouped into 6 larger domains: physical
health, psychological health, level of independence, social relationships,
environment, and spirituality. The WHOQOL-100 also includes one facet
examining overall quality of life and general health perceptions. Analyses
revealed that the CFS group reported significantly lower levels of quality of
life than the control group on overall quality of life and general health
perceptions and on 22 out of the 24 facets of quality of life. The results
suggest that the impact of CFS on the patients' lives is very profound. CFS
has a quality-of-life burden that affects a wide range of factors inherent to
quality of life. Questions that must be addressed by future research are
considered.
========================================

Title: Qualitative research as a spiritual experience.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Rosenblatt, Paul C.
Source/Citation: The emotional nature of qualitative research., Boca Raton, FL,
US: CRC Press, Inc; 2001, (201), 111-129 Innovations in psychology.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Kathleen R. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This chapter explores the author's own spiritual
transformation that resulted from the personal and emotional character of his
qualitative research. It notes his beginning as a quantitative researcher and
the changes he went through in how he viewed himself and the world. With this
came the emotional highs and lows, insights, and some effects that seemed
negative and others quite positive which are described here.
========================================

Title: Eating disorders in women and children:  Prevention, stress management,
and treatment.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Robert-McComb, Jacalyn J.
Source/Citation: Boca Raton, FL, US: CRC Press, Inc; 2001, (413)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Develops a broader understanding of eating disorder
etiology and helps readers apply the knowledge in different settings. This
book describes an approach that combines specifically designed stress
management techniques with treatments for symptoms of eating disorders. This
comprehensive approach examines and evaluates the signs and symptoms of the
various stages of anorexia, bulimia, and compulsive overeating. It also
introduces the recently studied notion of exercise addiction, or obligatory
exercisers. The authors present numerous tables and diagrams and address such
themes as psychology and physiology, family dynamics, society's role,
prevention, and innovative therapeutic approaches to the treatment of eating
disorders.
Notes/Comments: Part I: The constitution of eating disorders Eating disorders Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb Psychology of an eating disorder Heather L. Haas and James R. Clopton Pathophysiology of eating disorders Annette Gary Inventories used to
assess eating disorder symptomatology in clinical and nonclinical settings Susan Kashubeck-West and Kendra Saunders Part II: The characteristics of stress Definition of stress Teddy L. Jones The psychology of stress and coping Cathy Thompson and Stephen Cook Physiology of stress Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb Stress inventories used in clinical and nonclinical settings Robert W. Grant Part III: Society and eating disorders Family dynamics James R. Clopton, Heather L. Haas and Jan S. Kent Media involvement and the idea of beauty Elizabeth Jambor Body image Susan Kashubeck-West and Kendra Saunders Eating disorders and sexuality Jan S. Richter Part IV: Primary prevention of eating disorders in children Factors associated with eating disorders in children
John Rohwer and Marilyn S. Massey-Stokes Educational programs aimed at primary prevention John Rohwer The role of parents, school personnel, and the
community in the primary prevention of eating disorders in children Marilyn S.
Massey-Stokes Part V: Developing healthy attitudes and behaviors to manage the
stress associated with an eating disorder Behavior modification Anna Tacon and
Yvonne Caldera Restructuring cognitive distortions Marcia Abbott Kudos for me:
Self-esteem Michelle Pettus Communication, expressing feelings, and creative
problem solving Marilyn S. Massey-Stokes Spirituality Leslie Lewis Exercise
prescription for fitness and health Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb and Jeromi  Kummell Part VI: Therapeutic approaches to the treatment of eating disorders
Contact movement therapy for clients with eating disorders Adwoa Lemieux
Dance/movement treatment perspectives Lucy Ramsey DuBose The role of nutrition
in the treatment of an eating disorder patient Jan Hamilton Index etiology
& prevention & stress management & symptoms & treatment of
eating disorders, women & children
========================================

Title: Spirituality.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lewis, Leslie
Source/Citation: Eating disorders in women and children:  Prevention, stress
management, and treatment., Boca Raton, FL, US: CRC Press, Inc; 2001, (413),
317-324
Source editor(s): Robert-McComb, Jacalyn J. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Describes the spiritual aspect involved in eating
disorders and examines the spiritual quest of a person with an eating
disorder. The need for time and room in the spiritual quest is discussed, as
is the need for a spiritual or self-transformation in a person with an eating
disorder. The paradox of spirituality is the sense of incompleteness, of being
somehow unfinished, disconnected from others, the self, God, and nature. Those
with eating disorders seem to be involved in the struggle for spirituality.
Spirituality and recovery includes different processes: centering, emptying,
grounding, and connecting. The sacred ritual or spiritual quest involved in
eating disorders and recovery is a very real process. A case report is
described of the recovery of a 25-yr-old woman with a history of bulimia
nervosa.
========================================

Title: Spiritual involvement and belief: The relationship between spirituality
and Eysenck's personality dimensions.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Maltby, John; Day, Liza
Source/Citation: Personality & Individual Differences; Vol 30(2) Jan 2001,
England: Elsevier Science Ltd; 2001, 187-192
Abstract/Review/Citation: To examine the generalizabilty of the finding that low
psychoticism underpins religiosity, the present study sought to examine the
relationship between H. J. Eysenck's personality dimensions and four indices
of spirituality. Three hundred undergraduate students (aged 18-53 yrs)
completed the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale (R. L. Hatch et al,
1998) and the abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality
Questionnaire (L. J. Francis et al, 1992). The results suggest that when
applying Eysenck's model of personality to spirituality, it is extraversion
that accounts for most variance (between 9% and 14%) in spirituality scores.
It is concluded that the present findings suggest a new avenue of empirical
investigation in which wider concepts of spirituality and religion can be
examined within Eysenck's model of personality.
========================================

Title: Spiritual issues in counseling: Clients' beliefs and preferences.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Rose, Elizabeth M.; Westefeld, John S.; Ansely, Timothy N.
Source/Citation: Journal of Counseling Psychology; Vol 48(1) Jan 2001, US:
American Psychological Assn; 2001, 61-71
Abstract/Review/Citation: The current study assessed psychotherapy clients'
beliefs about the appropriateness of discussing religious and spiritual
concerns in counseling, clients' preferences for such discussion, and
identified explanatory variables for these beliefs and preferences. These
variables were assessed using the Client Attitudes toward Spirituality in
Therapy survey; the Index of Spiritual Experiences (J. D. Kass, R. Friedman,
J. Leserman, P. C. Zuttermeister, & H. Benson, 1991); the Expectations
About Counseling-Brief Form (H. E. A. Tinsley, 1982); the Religious scale of
the Counseling Appropriateness Check List (R. Warman, 1960); the Socially
Desirable Response Set-5 Scale (R. D. Hays, T. Hayashi, & A. L. Stewart,
1989); and the Religion Section of the Mooney Problem Check List-Adult Form
(L. V. Gordon & R. L. Mooney, 1950). Clients believed religious concerns
were appropriate for discussion in counseling and had a preference for
discussing spiritual and religious issues in counseling. Spiritual experience
was the most potent variable for explaining preferences for discussing
spiritual issues. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
========================================

Title: Bridges for healing:  Integrating family therapy and psychopharmacology.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Resnikoff, Roy
Source/Citation: Philadelphia, PA, US: Brunner-Routledge; 2001, (xix, 162)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Outlines the careful use of psychopharmacology
together with family therapy and offers readers a means of integrating several
supposedly dichotomous approaches. Armed with knowledge of the benefits of
both instrumental and expressive-relational approaches and their integration,
practitioners and families themselves can then support or oppose
pharmacotherapy.  The author presents psychopharmacology as useful for
medical conditions such as bipolar illness, schizophrenia, and
obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as for the enhancement of
communication, positive interpersonal attitudes, and positive attitudes toward
therapy. In addition to helping families understanding the complexity of
therapy and the use of medication, this book will help guide therapists and
families alike into the deeper, more complex, contextual issues of family
organization, personality development, and spirituality.
Notes/Comments: Print (Paper) Human 10 About the author Foreword Preface
Acknowledgments Concepts of family therapy integration An overview of
psychopharmacology in conjunction with family therapy Stage 1 therapy: What
are the surface problems of the family? Stage 2 therapy: What are the
organizational and communication difficulties in the family? How are
boundaries and power regulated? Stage 3 therapy: What are the personality
styles, temperaments, and interpersonal polarities in the family? Stage 4
therapy: What are the family transitions, universal life challenges, and
spiritual support systems? What are supervision and therapist issues in
helping families? Summary and conclusions References Index integration of
psychopharmacology & family therapy
========================================

Title: Men coping with grief.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lund, Dale A.
Source/Citation: Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2001, (xi, 375)
Death, value and meaning series.
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the ways men grieve and how their
bereavement experiences impact various aspects of their lives. The adjustment
process is multidimensional in that grief can affect nearly every aspect of a
person's life including emotions, identity, social interactions and
relationships, spirituality, intimacy and sexuality, work productivity,
health, and even mortality. The chapter authors have expertise in history,
philosophy, journalism, poetry, sociology, psychology, anthropology, social
work, nursing, health education, gerontology, religious studies, and business.
They represent professionals in academics research, clinical service,
business, the clergy, and many more. Each author offers his or her own
insights, opinions, personal experiences, and supporting evidence to explain
what we should know about the ways men grieve, why they grieve in this
particular way and how this knowledge might be best applied to assist them. 
The book is divided into 3 basic parts: (1) conceptual issues related to
death, bereavement, grief, gender, and masculinity in order to provide a
foundation for understanding the ways in which men grieve; (2) original
research findings regarding men in various grief situations; and (3) helping
techniques from interventions and therapies.
Notes/Comments: Introduction Part I: Conceptualizing and describing death, grief, and masculinity Building your ship of death for the longest journey over endless seas Sam Keen The ontology of masculinity--The roots of manhood Neil Thompson Take it like a man: Masculine response to loss Kenneth A. Doka and Terry Martin The Vietnam War: An ongoing national grief response Angeline Bushy and John R. Bushy Gay men:
Grieving the effects of homophobia John E. Hart Emerging from the anguish: A father's experience with loss and grief Kent Koppelman Research on gender differences in bereavement outcome: Presenting a model of experienced competence Susan E. Allen and Bert Hayslip, Jr. Part II: Research on grief The
role of gender in a three-year longitudinal study of bereavement: A test of
the Experienced Competence Model Bert Hayslip, Jr., Susan E. Allen and Laura
McCoy-Roberts When the unexpected happens: Husbands coping with the deaths of
their wives Dale A. Lund and Michael S. Caserta American widowers with
school-age children: An exploratory study of role change and role conflict
Douglas E. O'Neill and Robert Mendelsohn Gender differences related to
sexuality in widowhood: Is it a problem for the male bereaved? Kathryn Hustins
Male attitudes on funeral rites and rituals Paul Sakalauskas Part III:
Interventions and helping strategies Interventions and helping strategies
Assessment and treatment of grief states in older males Eric D. Rankin The
bereaved crisis worker: Sociological practice perspective on critical incident
death, grief, and loss Robert Bendiksen, Gregory Bodin and Kathy R. Jambois
The grief of male children and adolescents and ways to help them cope David
Adams The grief unheard: A woman's reflection on a men's grief group Peggy M.
L. Anderson Grieving reproductive loss: The bereaved male Kathleen Gray Grief  of the abused male Alan Stewart The eloquence of pain: Poetry of bereaved
fathers following a perinatal loss Michael Dilts Contributors Index conceptual
issues related to death & grieving & bereavement & gender &
masculinity to understand grief processes & coping behavior, males
========================================

Title: Grief of the abused male.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Stewart, Alan
Source/Citation: Men coping with grief., Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing
Co, Inc; 2001, (xi, 375), 339-348 Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Lund, Dale A. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Offers a religious and spiritual perspective to
conceptualizing and treating grief and by broadening the views of many life
experiences that create feelings of loss and grief. The author examines men
who were abused sexually, physically, or emotionally earlier in their lives
and how it often results in a loss of identity and many other losses. These
diverse reactions serve as another reminder of the multidimensional aspects of
grief. The author argues that being an abuse victim is another example of men
being taught to keep quite and not to express their emotions. The recovery
process is described as being much more than just going through stages, but
involves making a "spiritual path" on which to guide one's
treatment. The chapter concludes with some practical and generic suggestions
for ways that we might help abused men deal with loss and grief.
========================================

Title: Cultural resources and psychological adjustment of African American
children: Effects of spirituality and racial attribution.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Christian, Marcelle D.; Barbarin, Oscar A.
Source/Citation: Journal of Black Psychology; Vol 27(1) Feb 2001, US: Sage
Publications Inc; 2001, 43-63
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined the effect of parental religiosity and racial
identity on parental reports of child behavior problems in a sample of 40
low-income African American children (aged 5-18 yrs old) from Ohio and
Southeastern Michigan.  Data were collected in the form of structured
interviews and questionnaires from 1989-1991 as part of a study on families
coping with sickle cell disease. The results show that children of parents
attending church at least weekly had fewer problems compared to those whose
parents attended less frequently. Furthermore, the use of racial attributions
to explain negative life outcomes was related to more frequent behavior
problems. The authors contend that these data confirm the importance of
religion as a sociocultural resource in African American families, one that
potentially contributes to resilience of children at risk for behavioral or
emotional maladjustment as a function of growing up in poor families and
communities. In contrast, the data point out the complexity in the effects of
reliance on racial attributions to explain outcomes. It is suggested that
although many have argued that such attributions may be a protective factor
they did not protect against children's behavior problems.
========================================

Title: Examining masculine gender role conflict and stress in relation to
religious orientation and spiritual well-being.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Mahalik, James R.; Lagan, Hugh D.
Source/Citation: Psychology of Men & Masculinity; Vol 2(1) Jan 2001, US:
Educational Publishing Foundation; 2001, 24-33
Abstract/Review/Citation: It was hypothesized that gender role conflict and
stress would predict Catholic seminarian and college-aged men's religiosity
and spiritual well-being. To test the hypotheses, 151 mostly Caucasian single
men (74 Catholic seminarians, 77 Catholic undergraduate men) completed the
Gender Role Conflict Scale, Gender Role Stress Scale, Intrinsic-Extrinsic
Religious Orientation Scale--Revised, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale.
Separate canonical correlation analyses for the 2 groups revealed significant
relationships between the measures assessing gender role conflict and stress
and those assessing religiosity and spiritual well-being. The discussion
focuses on limitations, future research, and implications for practice.
========================================

Title: Vocational Souljourn Paradigm: A model of adult development to express
spiritual wellness as  meaning,  being, and  doing  in work and life.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Brewer, Elizabeth W.
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 45(2) Jan 2001, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2001, 83-93
Abstract/Review/Citation: The author invites counselors to consider integrating
spiritual, philosophical, and psychological ideas regarding work and life to
encourage client well-being. The Vocational Souljourn Paradigm is a model that
can be used with adult clients who are exploring their work and life choices
in a holistic and spiritual context. The variables meaning, being, and doing
and the work paths job, occupation, career and vocation are defined. The model
explains how dynamic interactions of meaning, being, and doing can propel an
individual into a particular work/life path.
========================================

Title: The Buddhist spiritual path: A counselor's reflection on meditation,
spirituality, and the nature of life.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Murgatroyd, Wanpen
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 45(2) Jan 2001, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2001, 94-102
Abstract/Review/Citation: The author describes her spiritual path from the
perspective of a person who was raised in a Buddhist tradition and trained in
a Western mental health profession. A foundation for the Buddhist concept of
mental health is presented, and the relationship among counseling, Western
developmental theory, and the development of a spiritual path is discussed.
Strategies are presented for assisting clients with their search for spiritual
development.
========================================

Title: A psychosynthesis twelve step program for transforming consciousness:
Creative explorations of inner space.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Brown, Michael H.
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 45(2) Jan 2001, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2001, 103-117
Abstract/Review/Citation: The author examines methods that are designed to
expand and transform consciousness and argues that aspects of transpersonal
psychology form the basis for the investigation of rituals, spiritual
disciplines, and techniques that provoke shifts in awareness and energy. A
psychosynthesis model for understanding these experiences is outlined, and an source of guidance, the Higher Self, is examined. A twelve step program
for facilitating the expansion and transformation of consciousness, Creative
Explorations of Inner Space, is also presented.
========================================

Title: The inclusion of spiritual process in counseling and perceived counselor
effectiveness.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Cashwell, Craig S.; Young, J. Scott; Cashwell, Tammy H.; Belaire, Christine
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 45(2) Jan 2001, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2001, 145-153
Abstract/Review/Citation: In this study, client level of spirituality was
examined as a potential moderater for the effectiveness of including spiritual
process in the counseling process. Using an analogue design, the study crossed
228 participants on self-reported level of spirituality and randomly assigned
to 1 of 2 analogue conditions. Results suggested that a spiritual intervention
was perceived similarly to a cognitive-behavioral intervention for all
respondents. Those respondents who self-reported higher levels of spirituality
rated the counselor on the analogue as more expert and more trustworthy,
regardless of which of the 2 analogue conditions they evaluated.
========================================

Title: The authentic heart:  An eightfold path to midlife love.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Amodeo, John
Source/Citation: New York, NY, US: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2001, (ix, 292)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Satisfying relationships don't just happen. Loving
partnerships and friendships are created and maintained through a commitment
to a certain path of growth. The search for love is simultaneously a search
for ourselves. This book assembles and synthesizes the main pieces of the
orchestra so you may savor a full and resounding symphony of love that
touches, delights, and expands your heart. It moves beyond amiable
companionship or marital contentment, and invites you to explore the further
reaches of what's possible in relationships. This book is based on the premise
that growth is a lifelong process, and it offers a path toward actualizing
love on ever deeper levels as you harvest your life experience. The author
helps the reader rediscover love at its best--midlife. This book can help you
learn how to overcome the psychological obstacles that have kept you from
developing satisfying relationships. The author presents 8 enriching steps
that will release your authentic self for the fullness of genuine connection.
Whether you are seeking true love for the first time or wish to deepen the joy
and meaning in your current relationship, this book will guide you along the
path to a more vibrant partnership in the prime of your life.
Notes/Comments:  Acknowledgments Introduction The first step: Prepare your
understanding: From young love to mature love New beginnings Comparative love
The second step: Identify the shame that keeps love away The nature of shame
Your inner critic: The voice of shame The third step: Summon the courage to
affirm the authentic you Getting to authenticity Celebrate your authentic self
The fourth step: Respect yourself through boundaries Boundaries as a
foundation for intimacy The fifth step: Practice self-soothing and
self-connection The softening ingredient Focusing: A path to befriending
yourself Spiritual self-soothing The sixth step: Respect others through kind
conversation Gentle honesty Speak and connect from your authentic heart The
seventh step: Build trust through a process commitment Being committed to the
process The key ingredients of trust The eighth step: Deepen your
understanding of love and sexuality The ingredients of love A deepening
sexuality Toward a mature spirituality References A guide to resources Index
guide to discovering authentic self for fullness of genuine connection &
midlife love
========================================

Title: Substance use disorders: Practical guides in psychiatry.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gitlow, Stuart
Source/Citation: Philadelphia, PA, US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publishers; 2001, (xviii, 261) Practical guides in psychiatry.
Abstract/Review/Citation: This book provides quick access to the information
needed to readily diagnose and treat commonly encountered substance use
disorders in the office, clinic, or emergency setting. Understanding that the
relationship a clinician maintains with patients is often a key to their
recovery, this hands-on resource helps the clinician to provide compassionate
care with an emphasis on treatment. The author draws upon his extensive
experience in the field of substance use and dependence to pack this unique
resource with useful tips and case studies that indicate in a clear,
jargon-free style what works, what does not work, and why.
Notes/Comments: Acknowledgments Read me first Forword by Mark S.
Gold Preface Section 1: General principles of substance use disorders 
Substance disorders: An initial approach Diagnostic approaches Diagnostic
scenarios The CAGE and other screening techniques The first interview
Outpatient logistics Laboratory studies Section II: Substance review Alcohol
Other sedatives Sedative detoxification Medications during sedative recovery
Nicotine Stimulants Opiates/opioids Opioid detoxification Opioid maintenance
programs Marijuana LSD The club drugs and inhalants Section III: Substance use
treatment Treatment settings Twelve-Step programs Relapse prevention Who
treats substance use? Treatment dilemmas Patient placement criteria Legal
issues Spirituality Stanley E. Gitlow Appendices Suggested reading Index guide
to substance use disorders & treatment issues Handbook/Manual/Guide 6000
========================================

Title: The role of religion and spirituality in mental and physical health.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Seybold, Kevin S.; Hill, Peter C.
Source/Citation: Current Directions in Psychological Science; Vol 10(1) Feb
2001, US: Blackwell Publishers; 2001, 21-24
Abstract/Review/Citation: An increased interest in the effects of religion and
spirituality on health is apparent in the psychological and medical
literature. Although religion in particular was thought, in the past, to have
a predominantly negative influence on health, recent research suggests this
relationship is more complex. This article reviews the literature on the
impact of religion and spirituality on physical and mental health, concluding
that the influence is largely beneficial. Mechanisms for the positive effect
of religion and spirituality are proposed.
========================================

Title: Issues of women dually diagnosed with HIV infection and substance use
problems in the Carolinas.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Moser, Kathleen M.; Sowell, Richard L.; Phillips, Kenneth D.
Source/Citation: Issues in Mental Health Nursing; Vol 22(1) Jan-Feb 2001, US:
Taylor & Francis; 2001, 23-49
Abstract/Review/Citation:  Examined from the perspective of women factors that
most influenced their ability to obtain treatment for their HIV infection and
control their substance use. 25 HIV-infected women (aged 22-57 yrs)
participated in 1 of 4 focus groups. Ss were asked to identify and discuss
their concerns and needs related to HIV/AIDS and substance use. Five themes
emerged: 1) AIDS as a life-altering event; 2) spirituality; 3) mental health
issues; 4) barriers to health care services; and 5) environmental influences.
It is concluded that the coexistence of HIV and substance abuse adds to the
complexity of women's treatment needs. For these women, an HIV diagnosis can
serve to alter their lives either positively or negatively. Dually diagnosed
women have unique needs that require integration of physical and psychosocial
interventions. These women may benefit from the services of psychiatric or
mental health nurse practitioners who have the skills necessary to address the
many psychosocial issues women face as well as provide physical treatment.
Additionally, drug treatment services need to be expanded and made more
comprehensive.
========================================

Title: The unique contribution of key existential factors to the prediction of
psychological well-being of older adults following spousal loss.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Fry, P. S.
Source/Citation: Gerontologist; Vol 41(1) Feb 2001, US: Gerontological Society
of America; 2001, 69-81
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study examined the unique contribution of key
existential factors to the prediction of psychological well-being of older
adults following spousal loss. A number of measures to assess psychological
well-being, sociodemographic standing, social resources, and religious and
spiritual resources were administered to a volunteer sample of 188 widows and
widowers (aged 65-87 yrs) to test the hypothesis that existential factors such
as personal meaning, religiosity, and spirituality are more potent predictors
of psychological well-being than sociodemographic, social support, and
physical factors. A hierarchical regression analysis of the data supported the
hypothesis that existential factors are major contributors to psychological
well-being of older adults following spousal loss. Findings showed that
widowers, compared to widows, scored lower on the measure of psychological
well-being. Implications of the findings are discussed for practitioners
working with bereaved spouses; suggestions for further research concerning
bereavement and psychological well-being are made.
========================================

Title: Moved by the spirit: Contextualizing workplace empowerment in American
spiritual ideals.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Elmes, Michael; Smith, Charles
Source/Citation: Journal of Applied Behavioral Science: Special Issue: History
of Workplace Empowerment ; Vol 37(1) Mar 2001, US: Sage Publications Inc;
2001, 33-50
Abstract/Review/Citation: In this article, the authors begin by showing the
close links between the discourse of workplace empowerment and spirituality.
They then identify these spiritual influences historically in Puritan and
evangelical Christianity, utopianism, and New Age thinking. From Puritanism
and evangelical Christianity, they locate the ideas that all work is God's
work, that charismatic evangelism (with Jesus as role model) is the prototype
for leadership in business, and that Christian ideals can serve as a basis for
organizing the factory system. From utopianism, the authors locate the
influence of ideals such as perfectibility, new order, brotherhood, and
radical experimentation on empowerment discourse. In New Age thinking, they see a context that permitted the emergence of empowerment as an ideological discourse that makes reference to earlier Christian and utopian ideas. They
conclude by discussing spirituality as ideology--the mystifying aspects and
potential costs to workers of this approach to empowerment.
========================================

Title: Self-concept and academic achievement: Slovenia and France.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kobal, Darja; Musek, Janek
Source/Citation: Personality & Individual Differences: Special Issue:  ; Vol
30(5) Apr 2001, England: Elsevier Science Ltd; 2001, 887-899
Abstract/Review/Citation: Tested the hypothesis that academic achievement
affects different components of self-concept in 230 16-17 yr olds. Further,
the authors investigated the possible influence of nationality (Slovenia,
France) in modifying the relationship between academic achievement and
self-concept. The results of two-factor (academic achievement * nationality)
analyses of variance and discriminant analyses showed significant correlations
between academic achievement and various indices of self-concept, which varied
in a nationality-dependent fashion. The French subjects exceeded Slovenians in
some domains of self-concept (i.e. verbal, academic, relations with same sex
peers, relations with parents, religion and spirituality, and general
self-concept), while Slovenian subjects exceeded French subjects in the domain
of problem solving and creativity. There was no significant difference between
both national samples in self-esteem. Also, the French subjects exceeded
Slovenian pupils in general academic achievement. The results were interpreted
on the grounds of theoretical expectations related to the formation of
self-concept and academic achievement, as well as on the basis of national
differences in the school system and personality structure.
========================================

Title: Cultural considerations in HIV ethical decision making: A guide for
mental health practitioners.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Jue, Sally; Lewis, Sandra Y.
Source/Citation: Ethics in HIV-related psychotherapy:  Clinical decision making
in complex cases., Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association;
2001, (xxii, 368), 61-82
Source editor(s): Anderson, John R. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This chapter highlights the issues most likely to
create cultural and ethical dilemmas when working with HIV-affected clients
from various cultures, raises critical questions, and provides suggestions on
how to integrate cultural considerations into clinical ethical decision
making.  Topics include: issues most likely to create ethical and cultural
dilemmas (helping relationships, communication styles, client support systems,
sexuality and gender roles, reproductive issues, drug use, death and dying,
spirituality); and becoming a culturally competent ethical clinician.
========================================

Title: Flesh journeys: Neo Primitives and the contemporary rediscovery of
radical body modification.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Atkinson, Michael; Young, Kevin
Source/Citation: Deviant Behavior; Vol 22(2) Mar-Apr 2001, US: Taylor &
Francis; 2001, 117-146
Abstract/Review/Citation: Reviews literature examining the body, deviance, and
social control--to explore the practices of a group of Canadian body
modification practitioners who are at the the forefront of the move toward
incorporating radical body modification into everyday life; namely, the Neo
Primitives (NPs). As a segmented branch of the larger body modification
cultural scene, Neo Primitives have created a renaissance of deeply flamboyant
and often radical body marking practices. Members stress the spiritual,
emotional, and practical rewards of body modification for those entrenched
within (and ultimately oppressed by) hegemonic boundaries of physical
expression in the modern metropolis, especially as those boundaries relate to
codes of beauty, gender, sexuality, spirituality, and personal creativity.
Building on qualitative data gathered in 2 Canadian cities, and viewing  members of this subculture as active agents of counter-expression and dissent,
this article explores the ideologies, practices, and lived experiences of NPs
attempting to recreate, reclaim and revolutionize the flesh.
========================================

Title: An elementary textbook of Ayurveda: Medicine with a six thousand year old
tradition.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ninivaggi, Frank John
Source/Citation: Madison, CT, US: Psychosocial Press/International Universities
Press, Inc; 2001, (xvii, 286)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This textbook is a complete compilation of the Hindu
and Buddhist religious teachings that are the foundation of Ayurveda, one of
the oldest medical traditions in the world. It ranges from a text written more
than six centuries  before Christ that describes some of the earliest methods
of reconstructive surgery, to modern holistic medicine. Ayurveda is a way of
life for everyone concerned with maximum quality of life and longevity gained
through diet, exercise, and mental health. Ayurveda is a living healing art
that is both spiritual and intensely human and, after almost 200 years of
suppression, is being revived throughout the world, including the US. This
book will concentrate on the presentation of the theoretical propositions and
clinical principles that make up the fundamental Ayurveda corpus. Following
current conventions when presenting Ayurveda concepts in English-speaking
circles, this text attempts to use either the appropriate Sanskrit term or its
English meaning in a relatively uniform fashion. Only the essential areas in
Ayurveda will be covered in this book. These areas and the level of detail
presented here are representative of the substantive matrix of basic Ayurveda.
Notes/Comments:  Introduction Background, history, and development Theoretical foundations and an overview Anatomy Physiology Prakruti  and  Vikruti Health and the disease process. I Health and the disease process. II Nutrition and diet in Ayurveda Lifestyle and behavioral regimens, yoga, and mediation Ayurvedic therapies,  Panchakarma, and materia medica Appendix 1. Ayurvedic oral and written tradition timeline Appendix 2. Diseases caused by the  Doshas Appendix 3. Clinical case examples
Glossary References theoretical foundations & clinical principles of the Ayurveda ancient tradition

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