Spirituality

Spirituality

Title: Integrating spirit and psyche:  Using women's narratives in
psychotherapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Henehan, Mary Pat
Source/Citation: Binghamton, NY, US: The Haworth Pastoral Press/The Haworth
Press, Inc; 2003, (xvii, 256)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Using a combination of her spirituality and expertise
as a marriage and family therapist, the author provides narrative or stories
that she has heard from women and stories from her own personal personal
experience. The term  narrative  is used to mean thinking about our lives as
stories and talking what is is meaningful. The content of this book stresses
the integration of psychological and spiritual elements. Women's stories need
not be constrained by the past. The present is a time for women to come into
their own, and the power of each women's story will move us all forward. Part
I examines elements that enhance a sense of self. Parts II and III explore the
destructive messages women receive from family and society. Part IV explores
the new stories emerging from women. Part V elaborates on the wisdom and
wildness of women.
Notes/Comments:  Preface Acknowledgments Part I: Enhancing the self First- or second-class citizens? Self in context Ancient and ancestral woman Women's spirituality Part II: Discrediting negative family scripts Men are the smart ones She is ill Be
sacrificial and silent Part III: Seeing through demeaning cultural messages
You are nobody You are helpless You should feel shame and inhibition You are
not allowed to express anger You are a keeper of secrets Part IV: New
narratives I am knowing I have a voice I have a divine herstory I can take
credit I can resolve conflict Part V: Wild women stories Women who soar Be
true to yourself Surviving to thriving Mind-body connection Part VI: Wise
women Portraits of wise women Croning of women Spiritual practices for women
Appendix. Sources of help Notes Bibliography Index
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Title: Incorporating spirituality in counseling and psychotherapy:  Theory and
technique.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Miller, Geri
Source/Citation: New York, NY, US: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2003, (xiv, 322)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This book presents an applied, insightful, and
well-researched overview of the theory, practice, and ethics of integrating
spiritual and religious themes and rituals into traditional therapy models.
This well-conceived and immensely readable text examines common barriers and
bridges between spirituality and mental health and documents the effectiveness
of using spiritual practices and concepts in treatment. Most importantly, it
encourages readers, through group activities and individual reflection, to
consider their own spiritual belief systems and biases before engaging clients
in therapy with a spiritual base.
Notes/Comments:  Introduction Historical development Western or monotheistic religions Eastern religions Theoretical integration with cultural implications Counseling focus integration Ethical issues Specific treatment techniques Appendix A: American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) Code of Ethics Appendix B: American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice Appendix C: American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of
Psychologists and Code of Conduct Appendix D: National Association of Social
Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics References Author index Subject index
spirituality; spiritual practices; traditional therapy; religious themes;
therapy models; mental health
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Title: Aging women and depression.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gatz, Margaret; Fiske, Amy
Author Affiliation: U Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US
Source/Citation: Professional Psychology: Research & Practice; Vol 34(1) Feb
2003, US: American Psychological Assn; 2003, 3-9
Abstract/Review/Citation: Practicing psychologists will increasingly have the
opportunity to include older women with depression among their clients.
Research on depression in older women is summarized, including rates of
disorder, age of onset, symptom profiles, suicidal behavior, risk factors for
depression such as physical health and social inequalities, and protective
factors such as spirituality. The empirical literature about treatment of
depression in older adults is presented, with special attention to
psychotherapeutic approaches. Ways in which information can help mold
effective service provision are enumerated.
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Title: The psychology of religion.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Emmons, Robert A.; Paloutzian, Raymond F.
Author Affiliation: Westmont Coll, Dept of Psychology, Santa Barbara, CA, US
Source/Citation: Annual Review of Psychology; Vol 54 2003, US: Annual Reviews;
2003, 377-402
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses progress in the psychology of religion by
highlighting its growth during the past 25 years. Conceptual and empirical
developments are described, with an emphasis on the cognitive and affective
basis of religious experience within personality and social psychology.
Religion and spirituality as domains of study, as well as being common and
important process variables that touch a large portion of human experience,
are highlighted. Movement away from the previously dominant measurement
paradigm is noted, and particularly promising directions suggestive of an
emerging interdisciplinary paradigm are described.
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Title: Gendered nursing education and practice in Iran.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Fooladi, Marjaneh M.
Source/Citation: Journal of Transcultural Nursing; Vol 14(1) Jan 2003, US: Sage
Publications; 2003, 32-38
Abstract/Review/Citation: Through qualitative ethnographic methods, the
researcher explored gendered nursing education and practice among Iranian
nursing students and faculty. Interaction with nursing students and faculty,
occurred in a familiar turf using the native language in interviews and on
field observations. Settings included classrooms, skills laboratory, faculty
offices, clinical areas, and informants' homes. Formal and informal
interviews, observations, and printed materials provided useful data to reach
consistent common patterns. Thematic analysis and triangulation of data
identified gender variations in care and compassion, spirituality, economic
motives, and practice preference. Integrated experiences of pre-Islamic period
were used to describe the current developments of gendered nursing education
and practice in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Study of gendered nursing
education and practice brings attention to the cultural significance of gender
issues. This body of knowledge will benefit American nurses and educators by
increasing their cultural understanding of gender.
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Title: A psychological outlook on the concept of transcendent actualization.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hamel, Suzanne; Leclerc, Gilbert; Lefrancois, Richard
Author Affiliation: Sherbrooke U Geriatric Inst, Research Ctr on Aging,
Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada Sherbrooke U Geriatric Inst, Research Ctr on Aging, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada
Source/Citation: International Journal for the Psychology of Religion; Vol 13(1)
Jan 2003, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2003, 3-15
Abstract/Review/Citation: Transcendent actualization is viewed by A. H. Maslow,
R. Assagioli, and V. E. Frankl as an optimal way to give spiritual meaning to
one's existence and to live this meaning in everyday life. The purposes of
this article are to present the concept of transcendent actualization; to
discuss the prepersonal, personal, and transpersonal levels of growth; and to
briefly describe the four components of transcendent actualization: In-Depth
Perception and Holistic Perception, under Metacognition; and Presence of Being
and Beyond  Ego-Orientation, under Metamotivation.
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Title: The effect of religious-spiritual coping on positive attitudes of adult
Muslim refugees from Kosovo and Bosnia.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ai, Amy L.; Peterson, Christopher; Huang, Bu
Author Affiliation: U Michigan, Dept of Psychology, MI, US U Washington, Health
Sciences, WA, US
Source/Citation: International Journal for the Psychology of Religion; Vol 13(1)
Jan 2003, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2003, 29-47
Abstract/Review/Citation: Little empirical evidence is available about the use
of religious-spiritual coping and its impact in the positive attitudes of
predominantly Muslim war refugees from Kosovo and Bosnia. On the basis of S.
J. Lepore and G. W. Evans' (1996) notion about 4 coping resources and K. I.
Pargament's (1997) concept of religious-spiritual coping, this
hypothesis-driven study focused on the cognitive resources and additional
spiritual resources for coping. We collected information about religiosity,
war-related trauma, religious-spiritual coping, optimism, and hope from 138
17-79 yr old refugees from Kosovo or Bosnia recently resettled in Michigan and
Washington states. A path model demonstrated that optimism was positively
related to positive religious coping, which in turn was associated with
increased religiosity and higher education. Hope, in contrast, was positively
associated with education, and negatively associated with negative religious
coping, which in turn was predicted by more severe trauma. These findings are
discussed with respect to their theoretical and clinical implications as well
as the limitations of the study.
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Title: Response to the spiritual intelligence debate: Are some conceptual
distinctions needed here?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Edwards, Anthony C.
Source/Citation: International Journal for the Psychology of Religion; Vol 13(1)
Jan 2003, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2003, 49-52
Abstract/Review/Citation: The special edition of  The International Journal for
Psychology of Religion  devoted to a discussion of whether or not the concept
of "spiritual intelligence" is defensible addressed an issue of
assured importance for both the psychology of religion and psychology in
general. Much as the article by R. A. Emmons and the responses by H. Gardner, S. Kwilecki, and J. D. Mayer raised many thought-provoking comments, some questions of central relevance to this issue seemed to be dealt with only marginally in these articles. In this article, the author discusses the main examples of such questions: (a) Is
spiritual intelligence truly autonomous from other forms of intelligence, such
as verbal, logico-mathematical, and social? (b) Does using spirituality to
solve problems imply that a certain set of problems can be specifically
designated as spiritual ones? and (c) Can we distinguish spiritual knowing
from knowing about spirituality?
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Title: The influence of coronary bypass graft surgery on the marital
relationship and family functioning of the patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Van Der Poel, Alette; Greeff, Abraham P.
Author Affiliation: U Stellenbosch, Dept of Psychology, Stellenbosch, South
Africa
Source/Citation: Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy; Vol 29(1) Jan-Feb 2003,
United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis; 2003, 61-77
Abstract/Review/Citation: Assessed the effect of coronary bypass graft surgery
on certain aspects of the marital relationship and on family functioning of
patients. A secondary aim was to determine which coping strategies families
used postoperatively. We collected data using the Enriching and Nurturing
Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness Scale, the Family
Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale II, and the Family Crisis Oriented
Personal Evaluation Scales. The results indicated that bypass surgery had a
negative effect on the patients' marital satisfaction, communication, and
attitudes toward the division of roles in the marriage and family. Bypass
surgery had a further negative influence on the emotional bonding of the
patients and their spouses with other members of the family. The patients who
were still working also showed a greater decline in some of the measured
variables than the retired patients. The coping strategies used most often by
the families were the seeking of spiritual support and the reframing of the
problem. The results also indicated that if passive appraisal was used as a
coping strategy, the patients' marital satisfaction would decrease, and if
reframing of the problem was used, the patients' adaptability regarding new
challenges facing the family would increase.
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Title: The role of the Church in career guidance and development: A review of
the literature 1960-early 2000's.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Fox, Lori A.
Source/Citation: Journal of Career Development; Vol 29(3) Spr 2003, Netherlands:
Kluwer Academic/Human Sciences Press; 2003, 167-183
Abstract/Review/Citation: In the last ten years, professional and popular
literature focused on the relatedness of spirituality and career. The field of
career guidance and development is beginning to integrate individuals'
religious and spiritual beliefs. Likewise, it seems the Church would be a
source of career assistance. This paper reviews professional literature, from
1960-early 2000s, regarding the role of the Church in the United States in
career guidance and development. The focus is on vocational themes in relation
to the Church, Church involvement in career guidance and development programs,
and recommendations for the role of the Church in career guidance and
development. The review concludes that over the past 40 years, the
professional literature on this topic has declined. The Church has made
grassroots efforts at providing career guidance, but only through improved
communication of ideas and program results will the Church provide effective
career programming on a larger scale.
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Title: Examining the effects of meditation techniques on psychosocial
functioning.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Wolf, David B.; Abell, Neil
Author Affiliation: Florida State U, Tallahassee, FL, US
Source/Citation: Research on Social Work Practice; Vol 13(1) Jan 2003, US: Sage
Publications; 2003, 27-42
Abstract/Review/Citation: An experiment was conducted to determine the effects
of chanting the maha mantra on stress, depression, and the 3 gunas--sattva
(enlightenment), rajas (passion), and tamas (inertia)--described in the Vedas
as the basis of human psychology. Primary hypotheses of the study were that
the maha mantra group would increase sattva and decrease stress, depression,
rajas, and tamas significantly more than the other groups. 61 participants
(aged 18-49 yrs) were tested at pretest, posttest. and follow-up, with testing
times separated by 4 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to a maha
mantra group, an alternate mantra (placebo) group, and a control group. MANOVA
results supported these hypotheses from pretest to posttest at p < .05 for
all dependent variables except rajas. The authors suggest that the maha mantra
has potential in addressing problems related to stress and depression and that
it be considered as one possible component of a spiritual approach to social
work practice.
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Title: Mediational models of spirituality and depressive symptomatology among
HIV-positive Puerto Rican women.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Simoni, Jane M.; Ortiz, Mayra Z.
Author Affiliation: Yeshiva U, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, New York,
NY, US
Source/Citation: Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology; Vol 9(1)
Feb 2003, US: American Psychological Assn/Educational Publishing Foundation;
2003, 3-15
Abstract/Review/Citation: A survey of 142 Puerto Rican women living with
HIV/AIDS in New York City revealed high Centers for Epidemiological Studies
Depression (CES-D) scores, with 66% of the sample scoring above the
conventional threshold of possible clinical depression. Most respondents (71%)
were Catholic, 29% considered themselves members of a church or other place of
worship, and 30% reported attending religious services 1-3 times a month. As
predicted, spirituality was high and negatively associated with CES-D scores.
A series of simultaneous multiple regression analyses controlling for all
potentially confounding medical and sociodemographic variables demonstrated
that both mastery and self-esteem scores mediated this relationship.
Implications for future research and the provision of services to HIV-positive
Puerto Rican women are discussed.
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Title: Are cultural values predictors of moral reasoning in African American
adolescents?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Woods, LaKeesha N.; Jagers, Robert J.
Author Affiliation: Howard U, Washington, DC, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Black Psychology; Vol 29(1) Feb 2003, US: Sage
Publications; 2003, 102-118
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study explored the effect of cultural orientation
on African American adolescent moral reasoning. Because African communal
values are cornerstones of African American communities and related concepts
such as perspective-taking and social relationships influence morality,
African cultural values were expected to positively predict moral reasoning in
the youth. Individualistic values were expected to negatively predict moral
reasoning. 50 13- and 14-yr old African American male and female adolescents
completed sociomoral reasoning and cultural orientation questionnaires.
Pearson correlations, analyses of variance, and standard multiple regressions
were conducted. As hypothesized, the African values of spirituality,
communalism, and affect positively correlated with moral reasoning.
Communalism, affect, and the Anglocultural value of interpersonal competition
positively predicted moral reasoning. The findings suggested that communal
values positively influence the development of African American youth.
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Title: Understanding the breast cancer experience of Asian American women.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ashing, Kimlin Tam; Padilla, Geraldine; Tejero, Judith; Kagawa-Singer, Marjorie
Author Affiliation: American Cancer Society, Oakland, CA, US UCLA, Dept of
Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, US UCLA, Schools of
Public Health & Asian American Studies, Los Angeles, CA, US
Source/Citation: Psycho-Oncology; Vol 12(1) Jan-Feb 2003, US: John Wiley &
Sons; 2003, 38-58
Abstract/Review/Citation: To better understand the breast cancer experience and
concerns of Asian American women, we conducted key informant and focus group
interviews. Six professionals participated in the key informant interviews. A
total of 34 Asian American breast cancer survivors participated in focus group
interviews, including 10 Korean women (aged 31-78 yrs), 11 Chinese women (aged
42-81 yrs), and 13 mixed Asian (aged 40-60 yrs). The common themes identified
in this series of qualitative studies included lack of knowledge about breast
cancer; medical care issues such as cost and amount of time spent with
physician; cultural factors related to beliefs about illness, gender role and
family obligations (e.g. self-sacrifice) and language barriers; the importance
of spirituality; and psychosocial concerns related to worry about children,
burdening the family, body image and sexual health concerns. A primary source
of support and coping for Asian American women with breast cancer was their
spiritual beliefs. The results from this qualitative study have been used to
prepare a survey instrument to examine these issues in a larger sample of
Asian American women.
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Title: Helping the homeless: What about the spirit of God?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Belcher, John R.
Source/Citation: Pastoral Psychology; Vol 51(3) Jan 2003, US: Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2003, 179-188
Abstract/Review/Citation: This paper argues that the Holy Spirit is missing from
services for the homeless. Spirituality is reviewed as a concept, and it is
argued that the transforming Spirit that Paul described is not often present
in discussions. Instead, the Social Gospel and Modernism have replaced the
role of the Holy Spirit, and people who are homeless are being provided with
very limited options to transform their lives and escape the desperation they
so often feel.
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Title: Culture's influence on creativity: The case of Indian spirituality.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bhawuk, Dharm P. S.
Source/Citation: International Journal of Intercultural Relations; Vol 27(1) Feb
2003, US: Elsevier Science; 2003, 1-22
Abstract/Review/Citation: In this paper, the author posits that people strive to
excel in areas that are compatible with their cultural values. Since
spirituality is valued in the Indian culture, it is argued that creative
geniuses are readily channeled in this field of human endeavor. A historical
analysis followed by a case-analytic approach using three cases is applied to
examine the thesis. By building on existing theoretical frameworks, a general
model of culture and creativity is presented in which culture,  Zeitgeist, and
genius are postulated to have reciprocal relationships in shaping creative
behaviors. This paper also points out how some culture theories are unable to
explain this process. Implications for theory and future research are
discussed.
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Title: Relationships among spirituality, social support, and childhood
maltreatment in university students.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Weber, Linda J.; Cummings, Anne L.
Author Affiliation: U Western Ontario, ON, Canada
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 47(2) Jan 2003, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2003, 82-95
Abstract/Review/Citation: The authors investigated relationships among
spirituality, social support, childhood maltreatment, and symptoms of
distress. One hundred and fifty-eight upper-level university students
completed questionnaires related to childhood maltreatment, distress
symptomatology. spirituality, and social support. Significant associations
were found for (a) maltreatment with high symptoms of distress, low
existential spiritual well-being, and low social support from family; (b)
symptoms of distress with low existential spiritual well-being and low social
support from family; and (c) receiving counseling for maltreatment with high
symptoms of distress and low support from family.
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Title: Changes in clients' images of God over the course of outpatient therapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Cheston, Sharon E.; Piedmont, Ralph L.; Eanes, Beverly; Patrice Lavin, Lynn
Author Affiliation: Loyola College in Maryland, Pastoral Counseling Department,
MD, US Loyola College in Maryland, Pastoral Counseling Department, MD, US St.
Joseph Family Center, Spokane, WA, US
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 47(2) Jan 2003, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2003, 96-108
Abstract/Review/Citation: The authors examined the impact of outpatient
counseling on clients' psychological symptoms and on their image of God.
Thirty participants in a counseling treatment group and 68 participants in a
no-treatment control group completed the Brief Symptom Inventory and the
Adjective Checklist at 2 separate times. Counseled participants experienced
significant reductions of psychological symptoms over the course of treatment
whereas the control group showed no changes. Furthermore, ratings of God's
agreeableness significantly increased (toward compassion) for clients in the
treatment group, whereas no such changes were noted for the control group.
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Title: Counselor understanding of Native American spiritual loss.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Olson, Margaret J.
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 47(2) Jan 2003, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2003, 109-117
Abstract/Review/Citation: Although the multicultural counseling literature
includes numerous references to working with Native Americans (aged 40-80
years), this population continues to be misunderstood and underserved. A
series of interviews with Native Americans provided insight into the deep
spiritual pain experienced as a result of the historical and current events
that continue to affect their families and communities. J. W. Worden's (199 1)
"tasks of mourning" provided the framework for the interviews.
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Title: Spirituality in supervision.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Polanski, Patricia J.
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 47(2) Jan 2003, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2003, 131-141
Abstract/Review/Citation: As an important component of counselor education and
development, supervision is a likely teaching and learning opportunity to
address spirituality in counseling. The author examines ways in which
spiritual and religious issues might be presented in supervision, using the
focus areas of the Discrimination Model (J. M. Bernard, 1997), namely
intervention, conceptualization, and personalization skills.
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Title: Integrating spirituality into counselor preparation: A developmental,
wellness approach.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Myers, Jane E.; Williard, Kirk
Author Affiliation: Centerpoint Human Services, Danbury, NC, US
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 47(2) Jan 2003, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2003, 142-155
Abstract/Review/Citation: Recent surveys of the general public and of counseling
professionals suggest the pervasive importance of spirituality in the lives of
all individuals. Yet, the infusion of spirituality in counselor preparation
programs continues to be a concern. Incorporating spirituality within a
wellness paradigm can help counselors and counselor educators value and
address spirituality as an integral component of optimum human functioning. By
distinguishing between religiosity and spirituality and operationally
conceptualizing spirituality as a life span developmental phenomenon that is
essential for achieving wellness, counselor educators can more readily
incorporate spiritual issues within the philosophy of the counseling
profession.
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Title: Approaching awe, a moral, spiritual, and aesthetic emotion.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Keltner, Dacher; Haidt, Jonathan
Author Affiliation: U Virginia, Charlottsville, VA, US
Source/Citation: Cognition & Emotion; Vol 17(2) Mar 2003, United Kingdom:
Taylor & Francis/Psychology Press; 2003, 297-314
Abstract/Review/Citation: Presents a prototype approach to awe. It is suggested
that two appraisals are central and are present in all clear cases of awe:
perceived vastness, and a need for accommodation, defined as an inability to
assimilate an experience into current mental structures. Five additional
appraisals account for variation in the hedonic tone of awe experiences:
threat, beauty, exceptional ability, virtue, and the supernatural. This
perspective is derived from a review of what has been written about awe in
religion, philosophy, sociology, and psychology, and then this perspective is
applied to an analysis of awe and related states such as admiration,
elevation, and the epiphanic experience.
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Title: The art of serenity:  The path to a joyful life in the best and worst of
times.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Karasu, T. Byram
Source/Citation: New York, NY, US: Simon & Schuster; 2003, (xii, 243)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This book offers answers to many psychological,
social, and spiritual needs and issues. The author aims to guide readers
towards a more happy, spiritual life by giving advice, ideas and insights into
everyday life.
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Title: Action research on leadership for community development in West Africa
and North America: A joining of liberation theology and community psychology.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Trout, John; Dokecki, Paul R.; Newbrough, J. R.; O'Gorman, Robert T.
Author Affiliation: Peabody Coll of Vanderbilt U, Nashville, TN, US Peabody Coll
of Vanderbilt U, Nashville, TN, US Loyola U, Chicago, IL, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Community Psychology; Vol 31(2) Mar 2003, US: John
Wiley & Sons; 2003, 129-148
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this article is to enhance the field's
understanding of the nature of community leadership, the psychological sense
of community, and the spiritual dimensions of community life. The authors
describe an action research community development project conducted in a
low-income Catholic parish in Lagos, Nigeria, in Western Africa. After
describing the community development process that resulted in the
establishment of 40 small/street basic communities (SBCs), the authors report
an evaluation study in which 70 SBC leaders (aged 35-44 yrs) were surveyed
regarding (1) SBC background characteristics (socioeconomic and environmental
conditions and statistical information), (2) the state of community life in
the SBCs (spirit/sense of community, participation in activities, benefits of
community life), and (3) challenges for the future (what SBC members and
leaders can do to improve the community, problems influencing community
development). The authors then reflect on the Lagos findings in light of
leadership-for-community and spirituality frameworks developed in an action
research project conducted in a Catholic parish in the United States.
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Title: Spirituality, religion, and health: An emerging research field.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Miller, William R.; Thoresen, Carl E.
Author Affiliation: Stanford U, School of Education, Stanford, CA, US
Source/Citation: American Psychologist; Vol 58(1) Jan 2003, US: American
Psychological Assn; 2003, 24-35
Abstract/Review/Citation: The investigation of spiritual/religious factors in
health is clearly warranted and clinically relevant. This special section
explores the persistent predictive relationship between religious variables
and health, and its implications for future research and practice. The section
reviews epidemiological evidence linking religiousness to morbidity and
mortality, possible biological pathways linking spirituality/religiousness to
health, and advances in the assessment of spiritual/religious variables in
research and practice. This introduction provides an overview of this field of
research and addresses 3 related methodological issues: definitions of terms,
approaches to statistical control, and criteria used to judge the level of
supporting evidence for specific hypotheses. The study of spirituality and
health is a true frontier for psychology and one with high public interest.
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Title: Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Powell, Lynda H.; Shahabi, Leila; Thoresen, Carl E.
Author Affiliation: U Miami, Dept of Psychology, Miami, FL, US Stanford U,
School of Education, Stanford, CA, US
Source/Citation: American Psychologist; Vol 58(1) Jan 2003, US: American
Psychological Assn; 2003, 36-52
Abstract/Review/Citation: Evidence is presented that bears on 9 hypotheses about
the link between religion or spirituality and mortality, morbidity,
disability, or recovery from illness. In healthy participants, there is a
strong, consistent, prospective, and often graded reduction in risk of
mortality in church/service attenders. This reduction is approximately 25%
after adjustment for confounders. Religion or spirituality protects against
cardiovascular disease, largely mediated by the healthy lifestyle it
encourages. Evidence fails to support a link between depth of religiousness
and physical health. In patients, there are consistent failures to support the
hypotheses that religion or spirituality slows the progression of cancer or
improves recovery from acute illness but some evidence that religion or
spirituality impedes recovery from acute illness. The authors conclude that
church/service attendance protects healthy people against death. More
methodologically sound studies are needed.
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Title: Religiosity/spirituality and health: A critical review of the evidence
for biological pathways.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Seeman, Teresa E.; Dubin, Linda Fagan; Seeman, Melvin
Author Affiliation: U California, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, US U
California, Dept of Sociology, Los Angeles, CA, US
Source/Citation: American Psychologist; Vol 58(1) Jan 2003, US: American
Psychological Assn; 2003, 53-63
Abstract/Review/Citation: The authors review evidence regarding the biological
processes that may link religiosity/spirituality to health. A growing body of
observational evidence supports the hypothesis that links
religiosity/spirituality to physiological processes. Although much of the
earliest evidence came from cross-sectional studies with questionable
generalizability and potential confounding, more recent research, with more
representative samples and multivariate analysis, provides stronger evidence
linking Judeo-Christian religious practices to blood pressure and immune
function. The strongest evidence comes from randomized interventional trials
reporting the beneficial physiological impact of meditation (primarily
transcendental meditation). Overall, available evidence is generally
consistent with the hypothesis that religiosity/spirituality is linked to
health related physiological processes--including cardiovascular,
neuroendocrine, and immune function--although more solid evidence is needed.
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Title: Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and
spirituality: Implications for physical and mental health research.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hill, Peter C.; Pargament, Kenneth I.
Author Affiliation: Bowling Green State U, Dept of Psychology, Bowling Green,
OH, US
Source/Citation: American Psychologist; Vol 58(1) Jan 2003, US: American
Psychological Assn; 2003, 64-74
Abstract/Review/Citation: Empirical studies have identified significant links
between religion and spirituality and health. The reasons for these
associations, however, are unclear. Typically, religion and spirituality have
been measured by global indices (e.g., frequency of church attendance,
self-rated religiousness and spirituality) that do not specify how or why
religion and spirituality affect health. The authors highlight recent advances
in the delineation of religion and spirituality concepts and measures
theoretically and functionally connected to health. They also point to areas
for growth in religion and spirituality conceptualization and measurement.
Through measures of religion and spirituality more conceptually related to
physical and mental health (e.g., closeness to God, religious orientation and
motivation, religious support, religious struggle), psychologists are
discovering more about the distinctive contributions of religiousness and
spirituality to health and well-being.
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Title: The meaning of health in mammography screening for African American
women.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Russell, Kathleen M.; Swenson, Melinda M.; Skelton, Alta M.; Shedd-Steele, Rivienne
Author Affiliation: Indiana U School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN, US Indiana U
School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN, US National Cancer Inst, Midwest Region,
Indianapolis, IN, US
Source/Citation: Health Care for Women International; Vol 24(1) Jan 2003, United
Kingdom: Taylor & Francis; 2003, 27-39
Abstract/Review/Citation: Inadequate use of mammography screening for early
detection of breast cancer is an important factor associated with the
disproportionate breast cancer death rates in African American women. To
improve understanding of the mammography screening experience and health for
African Americans, focus groups were held with 30 African American women (aged
40+ yrs). Seven categories emerged: (a) the mind, body, and spirit connection;
(b) living your life; (c) looking good; (d) good health-bad health; (e)
prevention detection confusion; (f) being afraid of cancer; and (g) what gets
in the way. Implications for developing tailored messages and for addressing
system barriers are discussed.
========================================

Title: Convergent validation of the Social Axioms Survey.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Singelis, Theodore M.; Hubbard, Catherine; Her, Pa; An, Sylvia
Author Affiliation: California State U, Dept of Psychology, Chico, CA, US
California State U, Dept of Psychology, Chico, CA, US California State U, Dept
of Psychology, Chico, CA, US
Source/Citation: Personality & Individual Differences; Vol 34(2) Jan 2003,
England: Elsevier Science; 2003, 269-282
Abstract/Review/Citation: Social axioms are generalized statement beliefs about
oneself, the social and physical environment, or the spiritual world. A
recently developed measure of social axioms was validated in a sample of 182
female college students (mean age 21.29 yrs) from the USA. Five established
measures were used to demonstrate convergent validity for the Social Axioms
Survey (SAS). The five dimensions of the survey (Control by Fate, Reward for
Application, Social Cynicism, Spirituality, and Social Flexibility) were
predictably related to the established measures. In addition, a number of
self-reported behaviors were also significantly correlated with the social
axioms dimensions. While the USA data lend support to the validity of the SAS,
validation in other cultures is needed. In addition, the emic aspects of
social beliefs in individual cultures should be explored.
========================================

Title: Basic and advanced competence in collaborating with clergy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): McMinn, Mark R.; Aikins, Daniel C.; Lish, R. Allen
Author Affiliation: Wheaton Coll, Wheaton, IL, US Wheaton Coll, Wheaton, IL, US
Source/Citation: Professional Psychology: Research & Practice; Vol 34(2) Apr
2003, US: American Psychological Assn; 2003, 197-202
Abstract/Review/Citation: Some of the stories of psychologists and clergy
working together have happy endings, and some do not. Twenty psychologists and
clergy who work together well were interviewed, and 94 clergy (53% response
rate) and 145 psychologists (76% response rate) were surveyed. A 2-tiered
schema for working well with clergy is proposed. Basic collaborative
qualifications, such as respect for clergy and communication with clergy as
needed, should be considered minimal competence for all professional
psychologists. Additional qualifications, such as awareness of religious
spirituality and shared values, are necessary for more advanced forms of
collaboration.
========================================

Title: Fragments: Coping with attention deficit disorder.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Stein, Amy E.
Source/Citation: New York, NY, US: Haworth Press, Inc.; 2003, (xvi, 245)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Written by a woman who, at age 25, was diagnosed as
"a textbook case for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder," this
book examines the pitfalls of traditional psychotherapy and medication for
those diagnosed with attention deficit disorder/attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD). The book also examines how an interactive
hands-on learning environment can markedly improve the educational experience
of ADD/ADHD youth; how an organic, holistic approach can benefit those
diagnosed with ADD/ADHD; the correlation between ADD/ADHD and agriculture; and
the impact of eliminating pesticides and increasing fatty acid intake in the
diet of children with ADD/ADHD. The book also discusses how incorporating
spirituality and faith into ADD/ADHD sufferers' lives can help to add
discipline and bring greater satisfaction.
Notes/Comments:  Preface Acknowledgments Piecing together the fragments The web of deception The eternal maze Reaping what you sow Up on the mountain In the trenches The silence of the woods Paths to destinations unknown Appendix A: Environmental education resources Appendix B: Agricultural resources for teaching or internships Appendix C: A sample agricultural curriculum for high school students Appendix D: A sample ecology curriculum for high school students Appendix E: A curriculum to integrate agriculture, horticulture, and environmental concepts with art Notes Index attention deficit disorder; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder;
traditional psychotherapy; medication; interactive learning environment;
holistic approach; agriculture; spirituality & faith
========================================

Title: Spirituality in child and youth care: Considering spiritual development
and "relational consciousness."
Author(s)/Editor(s): Scott, Daniel G.
Source/Citation: Child & Youth Care Forum; Vol 32(2) Apr 2003, US: Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2003, 117-131
Abstract/Review/Citation: In response to the identification of spiritual
development as part of children's lives in both the United Nations Convention
on the Rights of the Child (1991) and the Association for Child and Youth Care
Practice's document:  Competencies for Professional Child and Youth Work
Practitioners  (M. A. Mattingly and C. Stuart, 2001), this paper considers a
theoretical model of children's spirituality, 'relational consciousness,' as
proposed by D. Hay and R. Nye (1998). The paper encourages the introduction of
a framework for understanding and exploring spiritual development in child and
youth care research and practice that respects the cultural and social
diversity of both religious and nonreligious settings and the lifespan
developmental processes of children.
========================================

Title: Intrinsic religiousness and spiritual well-being as predictors of
treatment outcome among women with eating disorders.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Smith, Faune Taylor; Hardman, Randy K.; Richards, P. Scott; Fischer, Lane
Author Affiliation: Ctr for Change, Orem, UT, US Brigham Young U, Dept of
Counseling Psychology, Provo, UT, US Brigham Young U, Student Life Dept,
Provo, UT, US
Source/Citation: Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention;
Vol 11(1) Spr 2003, US: Brunner/Mazel; 2003, 15-26
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study investigated the relationship of religious
orientation, religious affiliation, and spiritual well-being with treatment
outcomes in an eating disorder inpatient treatment program. Participants were
251 female inpatients (aged 12-56 yrs) diagnosed with an eating disorder
(anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise
specified). Gain scores on the Eating Attitudes Test, Body Shape
Questionnaire, Outcome Questionnaire 45.2, and therapist improvement ratings
were used as outcome measures. Multiple regression analyses revealed that
neither intrinsic religiousness nor religious affiliation were associated with
treatment outcomes. Pearson correlations revealed that improvements in
spiritual well-being during treatment were significantly associated with
positive gains in eating attitudes, less body shape concerns, and positive
psychological and social functioning.
========================================

Title: The tangled wing: Biological constraints on the human spirit (2nd ed.).
Author(s)/Editor(s): Konner, Melvin
Source/Citation: Evolution & Human Behavior; Vol 24(2) Mar 2003, US:
Elsevier Science Publishing; 2003, 148-152
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book: Melvin Konner (Au), The Tangled Wing:
Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit (2nd ed.). New York: Henry Holt
& Co. Times Books, 2002. 736 pp. ISBN 0-7167-4602-6. Reviewed by Robert
Kurzban.
========================================

Title: The spiritual dimension of family life.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Walsh, Froma; Pryce, Julia
Author Affiliation: U Chicago, School of Social Service Administration, Chicago,
IL, US
Source/Citation: Normal family processes:  Growing diversity and complexity (3rd
ed.)., New York, NY, US: Guilford Press; 2003, (xvii, 678), 337-372
Source editor(s): Walsh, Froma (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Spiritual beliefs and practices have anchored and
nourished families and their communities throughout history. At times of
crisis and adversity, spiritual beliefs and practices have fostered recovery
from trauma, loss and suffering. Today, the vast majority of families adopt
some form of expression for their spirituality. Yet mental health
professionals and social scientists have tended to neglect this vital
dimension in their understanding of family functioning and in the treatment of
distress. This chapter briefly examines the growing importance and diversity
of religion and spirituality for families and considers their influence in
family coping and resilience.
========================================

Title: Sacred calling, secular accountability: Law and ethics in complementary
and spiritual counseling.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bullis, Ronald K.
Source/Citation: American Journal of Psychotherapy; Vol 57(1) 2003, US: Assn for
the Advancement of Psychotherapy; 2003, 145-147
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book: Ronald K. Bullis (Au.) Sacred Calling,
Secular Accountability: Law and Ethics in Complementary and Spiritual
Counseling. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Routledge, 2001, 208 pp.
========================================

Title: Transcendence.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Baruss, Imants
Source/Citation: Alterations of consciousness:  An empirical analysis for social
scientists., Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association; 2003,
(xii, 291), 187-210
Source editor(s): Baruss, Imants
Abstract/Review/Citation: Mystical experiences are a type of transcendence in
that one is in a state of being that is in some sense superior to ordinary
existence. But that calls forth a number of fundamental questions associated
with this book's thematic threads. Is there any sense in which transcendence
is other than imaginary? In other words, is a materialist account of
transcendent experiences adequate? Are transcendent events meaningless or
meaningful? Are they mundane or extraordinary? Are the insights that arise in
transcendent states delusions, or are they true? Are the meanings of such
insights lateral or vertical? The discussion will lead to the consideration of
exceptional well-being, spontaneous transcendent experiences, meditation,
spiritual aspiration, and some explanations for transcendent states.
========================================

Title: Suicide and brain death: A study of contemporary Japanese spirituality
and identity.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hamamoto, Mari
Source/Citation: Illness, Crisis & Loss; Vol 11(2) Apr 2003, US: Sage
Publications; 2003, 122-133
Abstract/Review/Citation: In this article, the author discusses the spiritual
crisis facing contemporary Japanese people. First, the author deals with how
modernization has pervaded Japanese people and how it has affected their
attitude toward religion, as well as their identity in the context of history.
Starting from the characterization of the coexistence of Buddhism and
Shintoism, the author explores Japanese spirituality and the sense of self.
Then, the problems of suicide and brain death are dealt with, with reference
to the discussion of identity. These problems will be discussed because each
one throws some doubt on the values of highly modernized contemporary society.
By shedding light on these issues, the author describes how the spirituality
of Japanese people is at stake.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and the MMPI-2.
Author(s)/Editor(s): MacDonald, Douglas A.; Holland, Daniel
Author Affiliation: U Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Clinical Psychology; Vol 59(4) Apr 2003, US: John
Wiley & Sons; 2003, 399-410
Abstract/Review/Citation: The present investigation was an exploratory
examination of the relation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) Clinical scales to spirituality operationalized in terms
of self-reported religious involvement and scores on a multidimensional
measure called the Expressions of Spirituality Inventory (ESI). Ss were
undergraduate students aged 17-51 yrs. MANOVA and correlational results
indicate that the MMPI-2 Clinical scales generate patterns of findings
consistent with available research on spirituality and health. In particular,
persons reporting involvement in organized religion obtained significantly
lower MMPI-2 Clinical scale scores and were found to be less likely to obtain
a clinically significant score (i.e.,  t-scores>64) on any of the MMPI-2
scales. Further, with the exception of Masculine-Feminine and Hypomania, all
MMPI-2 scales were found to associate appreciably with ESI dimension scores.
The study concludes with a brief discussion of the meaning and implications of
the findings for future research aimed at investigating the relation of
spirituality to health.
========================================

Title: Lived religion and family therapy: What does spirituality have to do with
it?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Wendel, Richard
Source/Citation: Family Process; Vol 42(1) Spr 2003, US: Family Process; 2003,
165-179
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this article is to encourage broader
cross-disciplinary conversations between the clinical and religious realms. In
doing so, three key areas are identified. This article suggests the advantages
of a new conceptual starting point: lived religion. Professional boundaries
and training issues are explored. Finally, interdisciplinary efforts and
methodological issues are explored.
========================================

Title: A wake up call: Comment on "lived religion and family therapy".
Author(s)/Editor(s): Doherty, William J.
Source/Citation: Family Process; Vol 42(1) Spr 2003, US: Family Process; 2003,
181-183
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on the article by R. Wendel regarding family therapy and religion. In this article, the author offers a challenge to family therapist in the form of a critique of the target article, suggesting that therapist need not endure religious training in order to treat patients.
========================================

Title: Without spirituality does critical health psychology risk fostering
cultural latrogenesis?: Comment.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Oman, Doug; Thoresen, Carl E.
Author Affiliation: Stanford U, Stanford, CA, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Health Psychology; Vol 8(2) Mar 2003, England: Sage
Publications; 2003, 223-229
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on the article by I. Prilleltensky and O.
Prilleltensky regarding the impact of critical psychology on the health professions. In this comment, the authors briefly review literature that suggests, sometimes quite strongly, that religious and spiritual involvement may contribute, in concert with several other factors, to better health and less disease.
========================================

Title: Spirituality or psychosis?--An exploration of the criteria that nurses
use to evaluate spiritual-type experiences reported by patients.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Eeles, Jennie; Lowe, Trevor; Wellman, Nigel
Author Affiliation: NHS Trust, Oxford Mental Healthcare, Warneford Hosp, Oxford,
England NHS Trust, Berkshire Healthcare, Fair Mile Hosp, Oxon, England
Source/Citation: International Journal of Nursing Studies; Vol 40(2) Feb 2003,
England: Elsevier Science; 2003, 197-206
Abstract/Review/Citation: Spiritual experiences and psychotic symptoms have many
aspects of form and content in common. Despite this, clinicians make
judgements about the pathology of these experiences and base care-plans on
these judgements. Semi-structured interviews incorporating vignettes of
spiritual-type experiences were given to 14 UK mental health nurses. This
revealed that the nurses employed a complex and inter-relating set of criteria
when evaluating spiritual-type experiences. The nature of the experience was
considered, but the outcome of the experience (positive or negative) was an
important evaluative factor, together with the personal and cultural context
in which the experience occurred. The nurses demonstrated a tolerance of
ambiguity and the need for awareness of their own subjectivity. They
emphasized the importance of close-engagement with patients to achieve a
rounded and holistic view of the patient's experience. They also emphasized
the importance of team working in reducing idiosyncratic decision making.
========================================

Title: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B.
Source/Citation: Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix,
313) Death, value and meaning series.
Abstract/Review/Citation: Presents an anthology of the human predicament, the
health care professional's story, and the health care work place, brought
together around the common theme of spirituality, the spirit of the patient,
the spirit of the work place, and the spirit that transcends it all to give
meaning to it. The theme of this book is  listening, to the patient's whole
story;  assessing, or giving meaning in conversation with the patient; and 
caring, for the whole person and the whole story. Highlighting the important
drive of spirituality and spiritual awareness, this book addresses particular
professional groups (nurse, chaplain), gender and faith groupings (male,
female, Roman Catholic, Jewish, Native American, non-descript spirituality and
spiritual diversity), and a variety of patient types (trauma, medical,
gay/lesbian/transgendered, obstetrics, HIV/AIDS, addicted, Alzheimer's, the
dying adult and the dying child) bringing into these stories what spirituality
is.
Notes/Comments:  Introduction Section 1: Health care and spirituality: Professional perspectives A nurse's perspective Cynthia Russel A chaplain's perspective: The early years Richard Stewart A chaplain's perspective: The challenge for today Richard B. Gilbert A beginning examination of the spirituality of health care professionals David W. Adams and Rick Csiernik Section 2: Health care and spirituality: Belief system
perspectives Dying and grieving are journeys of the spirit John D. Morgan
Spiritual care in the new pluralistic context Edgar P. Senne The Roman
Catholic patient Joseph Driscoll The Jewish patient Jeffery Silberman Section
3: Health care and spirituality: Ethnic and gender perspectives The Native
American patient Gerry Cox The male patient Robert Miller The female patient
Karrie Oertli The gay-lesbian-bisexual-transgendered patient Sue Jelinek
Section 4: Health care and spirituality: Patient perspectives The medical
patient: Compassionate listening and spirit-mind-body care of medical patients
Laurel Arthur Burton The chronically ill patient John Vander Zee The HIV-AIDS
patient: Holier than thou Inge B. Corless The Alzheimer's patient Earl A.
Grollman The obstetrics patient Cathi Lammert The trauma patient Paul Bierlein
The addicted patient John A. Mac Dougall The terminally ill pediatric patient
Frances Dominica The terminally ill adult patient Jon Nyberg The victim of
domestic violence and sexual assault Sharon Gilbert and Richard B. Gilbert
Contributors Index health personnel & patient characteristics &
perspectives on health care & spirituality
========================================

Title: A nurse's perspective.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Russell, Cynthia
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 3-13 Death,
value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
 Explores the link between spirituality and nursing. A
framework for better understanding nursing's connection to care of the spirit
is considered. Actual nurse-patient interactions illustrate this association.
The chapter concludes with a brief look at the consequences of a
"spirit-less" system of nursing care and considers
"spirit-enhancing" opportunities for nurses that exist in today's
health care environment.
========================================

Title: A beginning examination of the spirituality of health care professionals.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Adams, David W.; Csiernik, Rick
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 37-50 Death,
value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Presents an exploratory examination of spirituality
among 129 nurses, physicians, and other health care practitioners. The study
employed an 8-page descriptive questionnaire consisting of demographic
questions and inquiries concerning the Ss' spirituality and how they helped
patients and co-workers meet their spiritual needs. The conceptualization of
spirituality yielded a raft of meanings, with relation to one's inner self and
caring for others being the most frequent replies. Almost all Ss expressed
personal comfort with their spirituality. When asked what strengthened their
spirituality most, the predominant response from the total sample was through
religious experiences, followed by human relationships. In closing, the
authors propose that it is reasonable to conclude that although spirituality
has been inadequately addressed in formal education and training programs for
health professionals, it is very much a part of their working lives. This
study not only heightened the awareness and importance of spirituality in
patient care and the personal lives of most respondents, but also highlighted
the need for further empirical examination of the significance of spirituality
for both health care providers and health care consumers.
========================================

Title: Dying and grieving are journeys of the spirit.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Morgan, John D.
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 53-64 Death,
value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses spirituality in relation to dying and
grieving. This chapter attempts to show that spirituality is fundamental to
the human person, showing itself primarily as a continual quest for meaning.
The dying and bereaved demonstrate that the processes in which they move occur
because of the meanings that they have found in their own lives and the lives
of their loved ones.
========================================

Title: The Roman Catholic patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Driscoll, Joseph
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 75-87 Death,
value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the spiritual needs of the sick or dying
Roman Catholic patient and their families by examining the Roman Catholic
belief system and faith practices. Chapter sections consider the concepts of
God in Christ, God in Christ in the Church, and God in Christ in the Church
through the seven sacraments (Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and
Anointing of the Sick, and Holy Orders and Marriage). The examination of Roman
Catholic faith practices focuses on pastoral care of the sick and dying, the
role of the community, the chaplain or spiritual care provider, and the
sacraments of healing.
========================================

Title: The Jewish patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Silberman, Jeffrey
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 89-103
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Presents a discussion of Jewish theology and
observance, in general and in relation to the spiritual needs and responses of
the Jewish patient at the time of illness or death. This chapter addresses
Jewish religious premises and the importance of community, as well as the
practical aspects of Jewish spirituality such as prayer, Shabbat, and mitzvot.
========================================

Title: The Native American patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Cox, Gerry
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 107-127
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses Native American spirituality as it relates
to death management practices, paying particular attention to the similitude
to all religions in general, and Judaism and Christianity in particular. This
chapter addresses Native American values, medical care and dying, tribal
healing, and the attitudes toward death and dying of the Apache, Navajo, and
Lakota/Sioux.
========================================

Title: The male patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Miller, Robert
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 129-143
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses some of the unique challenges the typical
male patient confronting sickness and health problems may present for a health
care provider or pastoral caregiver. This chapter begins by addressing several
foundational "male issues" that may influence how men approach
life-crises. The discussion continues with an examination of gender
differences in approaching life-crises and the  behavioral patterns of male
patients. The chapter closes with practical suggestions for care in the male
patient relationship.
========================================

Title: The female patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Oertli, Karrie
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 145-151
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses some of the unique challenges the typical
female patient confronting sickness and health problems may present for a
health care provider or pastoral caregiver. The author maintains that of
primary importance in providing health care and in seeking to support the
spirituality of women is the ability of the health care provider to render
three services, around which the chapter is organized: listening to women,
assessing women, and caring for women.
========================================

Title: The gay-lesbian-bisexual-transgendered patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Jelinek, Sue
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 153-159
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses some of the unique challenges the typical
"lesbigate" (lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgendered) patient
confronting sickness and health problems may present for a health care
provider or pastoral caregiver. The basic social support systems assumed for
heterosexuals may not be necessarily so for the lesbigate patient. Social
isolation and therefore spiritual isolation are very real concerns. In
addition, lesbigate persons are in a system that assumes heterosexist
privilege. Therefore, there is a forced choice between safety and security or
support and community. The psychological split that this can cause for the
lesbigate person and their partner is damaging. Because so much of American
society functions in dualistic value judgment thinking, this leaves the
lesbigate person dealing with shame and guilt. The author makes suggestions
for ways health care providers might increase their own awareness of the
special needs and issues of lesbigate persons, including: (1)
Sensitivity/Diversity training for staff; (2) Assessing policies and
procedures for the rules regarding visitation of patients, especially as they
apply to the concept of "family" and "significant other;"
and (3) Assessing how policy and procedures are designed for employees.
========================================

Title: The medical patient: Compassionate listening and spirit-mind-body care of
medical patients.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Burton, Laurel Arthur
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 163-178
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses compassionate listening, which involves
hearing the story of another while withholding judgment and maintaining
appropriate boundaries, in relation to the spirit-mind-body care of medical
patients. A definition of compassionate listening is examined and illustrated
through a case study that exemplifies the healing, both spiritual and
physical, that compassionate listening empowers.
========================================

Title: The chronically ill patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Zee, John Vander
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 179-187
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the unique challenges the chronically ill
patient presents for health care providers and implications of chronic illness
for pastoral care.
========================================

Title: The HIV-AIDS patient: Holier than thou.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Corless, Inge B.
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 189-200
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses some of the issues and challenges the
HIV/AIDS patient can present for health care providers and pastoral
counselors. This chapter begins with a brief examination of the attitudes and
beliefs of faith communities toward HIV infected and affected persons. The
notion of illness as punishment as well as the punishment of illness--i.e.,
stigma--is also addressed. The attitudes of HIV infected and affected persons
toward religion and spirituality are then discussed. The last section of this
chapter explores the impact of religion and spirituality on well-being and
ends with an exploration of the impact of the new AIDS therapeutics on
well-being and spirituality.
========================================

Title: The Alzheimer's patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Grollman, Earl A.
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 203-210
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the issues and challenges the patient with
Alzheimer's disease presents for caregivers and pastoral counselors. This
chapter provides a brief examination of the disease, and explores the role of
pastoral counseling in providing spiritual support for both patients and the
families of those with Alzheimer's disease.
========================================

Title: The obstetrics patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lammert, Cathi
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 211-234
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses some of the spiritual challenges presented
to obstetric caregivers and patients. This chapter examines changes in
Obstetrical care that present frustrations with which health care
professionals struggle on a daily basis. It also addresses the spiritual needs
of obstetric patients in general, and of the undelivered, adolescent, and
single patient in particular.
========================================

Title: The trauma patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bierlein, Paul
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 235-243
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: The focus of this chapter is to "visit" with
trauma patients--to listen with sensitivity and compassion, exploring the
spiritual themes and issues which the sudden encounter with pain, injury,
attack, or illness engenders within them. While these issues are examined
individually, they are in reality dynamically interwoven spiritual threads of
a whole person in crisis. This chapter discusses the role of the pastoral
counselor in providing spiritual support and responding to the spiritual needs
of the trauma patient, and how this can promote healing and recovery.
========================================

Title: The addicted patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Mac Dougall, John
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 245-256
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the physical, emotional, mental, and
spiritual dimensions of addiction and the recovery process. This chapter makes
a distinction between addiction and physical dependence, as well as between
the spirituality of addiction and the spirituality of recovery. With an
emphasis on the spiritual dimension, the chapter outlines the stages of
addiction and presents elements of its effective treatment--of which
participation in a twelve-step program is proposed as of primary importance.
========================================

Title: The terminally ill pediatric patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Dominica, Frances
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 257-267
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the issues and challenges presented in the
health care and spiritual support of terminally ill pediatric patients. This
chapter addresses some of the questions about and responses to their
conditions that children with terminal illnesses may have; their concepts of
spirituality, God, and Heaven; and the role of caregivers in easing the
transition from life to death.
========================================

Title: The terminally ill adult patient.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Nyberg, Jon
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 269-280
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the issues and challenges presented in the
health care and spiritual support of terminally ill adult patients, and the
role of pastoral counselors and other caregivers in easing the transition form
life to death. This chapter addresses the spirituality and largely culturally
inherited death attitudes of terminally ill adults, and is divided into the
following sections: Spirituality; Searching for Meaning; Unfinished Business;
Change of Outlook; Dreams and Visions; Holy Ground; and Legacy.
========================================

Title: The victim of domestic violence and sexual assault.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gilbert, Sharon; Gilbert, Richard B.
Source/Citation: Health care & spirituality:  Listening, assessing, caring.,
Amityville, NY, US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (xix, 313), 281-289
Death, value and meaning series.
Source editor(s): Gilbert, Richard B. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses some of the issues and challenges in the
spiritual support and pastoral counseling of victims of domestic violence and
sexual assault. This chapter addresses the sense of abandonment and loneliness
these victims may feel, and the rift with their spirituality, religion, and/or
God that they may experience. The role of the pastoral counselor in providing
spiritual support, helping to "renegotiate" the religious covenant,
and empowering healing in general is examined.
========================================

Title: Imagery-related meditations.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Khan, Pir Vilayat Inayat
Source/Citation: Handbook of therapeutic imagery techniques., Amityville, NY,
US: Baywood Publishing Co, Inc; 2002, (vii, 414), 355-366 Imagery and human
development series.
Source editor(s): Sheikh, Anees A. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This reprinted chapter originally appeared in  The
Call of the Dervish, P. V. I. Khan, Santa Fe, NM: Sufi Order Publications,
1981 and  Introducing Spirituality into Counseling and Therapy, P. V. I. Khan,
Lebanon Springs, NY: Omega Press, 1982. This chapter contains several scripts
that utilize imagery as a means of meditation.
========================================

Title: Encountering the sacred in psychotherapy:  How to talk with people about
their spiritual lives.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Griffith, James L.
Griffith, Melissa Elliott
Source/Citation: New York, NY, US: The Guilford Press; 2002, (xv, 320)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This book guides therapists in exploring the creative
and healing possibilities in people's spiritual and religious experience,
while countering ways it can do harm. The authors integrate ideas from a range
of therapeutic perspectives--as well as wisdom gleaned from over 20 years of
work in the field--to help therapists listen and respond when spiritual or
religious themes are invoked; ask appropriate questions about beliefs,
practices, and communities; and work collaboratively to identify personally
meaningful resources for change. Modeling an open, receptive stance, the book
demonstrates ways to honor an individual's language, ideas, and traditions
even in the absence of specific cultural knowledge or common traditions.
Filled with evocative personal accounts and therapeutic dialogues, this is a
 compelling resource for novice and experienced clinicians alike.
========================================

Title: Treatment of personality disorders from the perspective of the
five-factor model.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Stone, Michael H.
Source/Citation: Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality
(2nd ed.)., Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association; 2002,
(xii, 493), 405-430
Source editor(s): Costa, Paul T., Jr. (Ed); Widiger, Thomas A. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Demonstrates the utility of the five-factor model
(FFM) approach to the diagnosis of personality and as a guide to what is
treatable and what is not. Allied to the lexical system for detailing both
negative maladaptive traits and the positive traits of personality, the FFM is
also a dimensional model that permits greater subtlety of diagnosis than a
category-based system, such as the DSM. The NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised
allows clinicians to set down all the relevant strong and weak points of the
personality in someone being considered for treatment. Because psychopathy has
a place within the FFM schema as the furthest outpost, the schema is also
useful in demarcating personality aberrations that are still amenable to
therapy from those that are not amenable to, or may be worsened by, treatment.
The one area where the FFM may need modification is in dealing with the
borderline patient, whose rapid changes of mood make it difficult to give but
one rating on a number of facets. The FFM should be encouraged as a guide to
determine those likely to be amenable to treatment (those with high
spirituality), to be intermediate in this regard, and unlikely to respond with
favorable outcomes to psychotherapy (those meeting the criteria for
psychopathy).
========================================

Title: The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography.
Author(s)/Editor(s): McCullough, Michael E.; Emmons, Robert A.; Tsang, Jo-Ann
Source/Citation: Journal of Personality & Social Psychology; Vol 82(1) Jan
2002, US: American Psychological Assn; 2002, 112-127
Abstract/Review/Citation: In four studies, the authors examined the correlates
of the disposition toward gratitude. Study 1 revealed that self-ratings and
observer ratings of the grateful disposition are associated with positive
affect and well-being, prosocial behaviors and traits, and
religiousness/spirituality. Study 2 replicated these findings in a large
nonstudent sample. Study 3 yielded similar results to Studies 1 and 2 and
provided evidence that gratitude is negatively associated with envy and
materialistic attitudes. Study 4 yielded evidence that these associations
persist after controlling for Extraversion/positive affectivity,
Neuroticism/negative affectivity, and Agreeableness. The development of the
Gratitude Questionnaire, a unidimensional measure with good psychometric
properties, is also described.
========================================

Title: Testing the limits of sense and science: American experimental
psychologists combat spiritualism, 1880-1920.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Coon, Deborah J.
Source/Citation: Evolving perspectives on the history of psychology.,
Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association; 2002, (ix, 608),
121-139
Source editor(s): Pickren, Wade E. (Ed); Dewsbury, Donald A. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This reprinted article originally appeared in 
American Psychologist, 1992, Vol 47(2), pp. 143-151. (The following abstract
of the original article appeared in record 1992-21933-001.) American
psychologists faced great difficulty at the turn of the century as they tried
to erect and maintain boundaries between their science and its
"pseudoscientific" counterparts--spiritualism and psychic research.
The public solicited their opinions regarding spiritualism, and a few
psychologists wanted to conduct serious investigations of spiritualistic and
psychic phenomena. However, many psychologists believed that such
investigation risked the scientific reputation of their infant discipline.
Because they could not readily avoid the topic, some psychologists studied
spiritualistic and psychic phenomena in order to prove them fraudulent or
explain them via naturalistic causes, and others developed a new
subdiscipline, the psychology of deception and belief. This article argues
that psychologists used their battles with spiritualists to legitimize
psychology as a science and create a new role for themselves as guardians of
the scientific worldview.
========================================

Title: Counseling problem gamblers:  A self-regulation manual for individual and
family therapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ciarrochi, Joseph W.
Source/Citation: San Diego, CA, US: Academic Press; 2002, (xvi, 340)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Problem gambling is on the increase in today's
society, with devastating effects on family finances and relationships. Until
now, clinicians had no comprehensive, user-friendly, single source for
understanding and treating the condition of pathological gambling. This book
pulls together clinical wisdom and research findings into a treatment package
aimed at developing the component skills for successful recovery. It makes
available, with instructions, the most well regarded assessment instruments
for identifying gambling problems and discusses how they relate to DSM
diagnosis. The manual covers a wide range of issues related to problem
gambling and those affected by it. Among the unique features of the book are:
step-by-step treatment plans; diagnostic instruments developed by the author;
and a focus on specific cultural concerns, with clinical applications for
women, minorities, and religiously committed persons. Additionally, the book
examines the integration of spirituality in treatment and coping strategies
for family members.
Notes/Comments:  Acknowledgments List of
worksheets The twenty percent difference The scope of social and problem
gambling Research on causes and treatment of pathological gambling A
 self-regulation model for understanding pathological gambling Diagnosis and
assessment of pathological gambling Overview of clinical interventions: A plea
for family involvement Motivational enhancement, stages of change, and
goal-setting Abstinence control and relapse prevention Managing urges through
acceptance Depression, anxiety, and guilt: Cognitive strategies Changing
beliefs about gambling: The downside of hope Problem-solving and overcoming
procrastination Financial and legal issues Couples and family treatment
Spirituality, virtue, and character: A model for therapist collaboration in
long-term growth References Appendix A: National Counseling on Problem
Gambling affiliate list Appendix B: Worksheets Index counseling; pathological
gambling; problem gambling; self regulation; individual & family therapy;
treatment plans; diagnostic instruments; cultural concerns; women; minorities;
religious persons
========================================

Title: Becoming a counselor:  The light, the bright, and the serious.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gladding, Samuel T.
Source/Citation: Alexandria, VA, US: American Counseling Association; 2002,
(xii, 183)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This book provides insight into the developmental
journey that foster one's professional growth as a counselor. Through
memorable autobiographical vignettes, the author shares his experience and
wisdom that is gained from more than 30 years in the profession; from his
unconventional initiation to the counseling field through his current role as
one of its leaders. Rarely, if ever, have the ups and downs of a counselor's
career progression been discussed with such honesty, humility, perception, and
humor. The author examines the technical, practical, professional, and
personal issues that students and counselors face as they make career
transitions. Topics addressed include basic skills and counseling processes,
finding what works and learning from failure, multicultural considerations,
the intricacies of working with groups and families, and professional
development.
Notes/Comments: Preface About the author Section one: Initiation into the profession The calling Encountering the unexpected: Bandits "Uh-Huh" is never enough The
locked ward Section two: Finding what works Talk is cheap Socks Tex Ritter
Smith Playing hunches Consultant or catalyst Sometimes it is how you ask the
question Three acres of garlic The words are there/I don't know where The
music of life Knowledge is power up to a point Section three: Learning from
failure Sleepy time client Bo: A disaster in assessment Rabbits Testing a
theory: The sound of silence Be modest A door, a phone, a window The price of
being ill-prepared The wrong side of presentations Learning the lingo The
wake-up dream Section four: Skills and processes The basics The difficulty of
change The pace of change Boundaries: An awakening Modeling: A case of
starlings Mr. TBA: The importance of knowing others Empathy Afraid of blood
Omelets Section five: Multicultural and spiritual considerations An encounter
with the Klan Shirley WASPs Spirits, spirituality, and counseling Putting on
the gloves with Mother Teresa Getting there Section six: The influences of
colleagues, friends, and family The office Happenstance: Note whom you quote
Sources within Cool under fire Scars Courtland, the turkeys, and me in
Knoxville, Tennessee Section seven The other side of labels The power of Nancy
Drew Airtime Three's a crowd but four's a family counseling session Sex
therapy: The challenge Drama break An unexpected reconciliation: Laura Ashley
Humor Research and a reframe within the family Words alone Section eight:
Professional development Supervision Court: The rules of the game Research and
theory: A reminder from Carl My pal Sal Thunder and poetry Who wants to work?
The phony prisoner Not by work alone Rejection Counselors anonymous Section
nine: Developmental considerations Aging but not developing Trees with lights
Don't take it literally Erotic or erratic: What a difference a word makes Lost
Resiliency and unpredictability Finding a vision that works Section ten:
Termination The quilt Hair On grief and gratitude Always becoming Epilogue
Notes References professional development; working with groups; basic
counseling skills; multicultural considerations Autobiography/Personal Account
========================================

Title: Religion and the five factors of personality: A meta-analytic review.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Saroglou, Vassilis
Source/Citation: Personality & Individual Differences; Vol 32(1) Jan 2002,
England: Elsevier Science; 2002, 15-25
Abstract/Review/Citation: Notes that an impression based on a vote-counting
method of reviewing studies on religion and personality is that religiosity is
associated only with low Psychoticism (or high agreeableness and
conscientiousness), while unrelated to the other M. W. Eysenck's or Big Five
factors. This meta-analytic review of studies on religion and the Five Factor
Model reveals that, in addition to Agreeableness and Conscientiousness,
religiosity is related to Extraversion. Interestingly, while Openness is
negatively related to religious fundamentalism and, to some extent,
intrinsic-general religiosity, it is positively related to measures of open or
mature religiosity and spirituality. The meta-analysis also indicate that
extrinsic religiosity is followed by high Neuroticism, whereas open-mature
religiosity and spirituality reflect Emotional Stability. It was found that
overall, the effect sizes were small.
========================================

Title: Religious and spiritual issues in counseling psychology training.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Schulte, Daniel L.; Skinner, Tad A.; Claiborn, Charles D.
Source/Citation: Counseling Psychologist: Special Issue: Feminist identity
development.; Vol 30(1) Jan 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 118-134
Abstract/Review/Citation: To explore the kind of training counseling psychology
programs provide with respect to religious and spiritual issues, surveys were
distributed to training directors or designated representatives of 69
counseling psychology programs in the US. Responses were received from 40, or
58%, of the programs. Results indicate that programs offered relatively little
in the way of formal course work in religious or spiritual issues. In
addition, participants indicated that in their programs (1) religion and
spirituality were often but not always considered a diversity issue; (2)
knowledge about religious and spiritual traditions was not generally seen as
important to the expertise of faculty members, practicum supervisors, and
therapists; (3) religious and spiritual issues received variable attention in
didactic and practicum training; and (4) there was considerable openness to
research on religious and spiritual topics. Results are discussed in terms of
their relevance to counseling psychology practice, research, and professional
identity.
========================================

Title: Human development and the spiritual life:  How consciousness grows toward
transformation.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Irwin, Ronald R.
Source/Citation: New York, NY, US: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002, (ix,
207) The Plenum series in adult devlelpment and aging.
Abstract/Review/Citation: Human Development and the Spiritual Life  proposes a
theory of the development of consciousness in which the ego at first occupies
center stage as the agent of socialization and culture, and is the driving
force behind individual self-control and self-regulation. Informed by
specialized research, R. Irwin reviews the literature on identity formation
and narrative competence and outlines the fields of intellectual, self, moral,
and consciousness development. He discusses the evidence indicating that
earlier in life the ego defines the levels of consciousness development, but
that later in life consciousness transcends the limitations of conventional
ego development to become spiritual development. This work should be of
interest to researchers, therapists, counselors, psychologists, and
psychiatrists, as well as advanced students in psychology, sociology,
anthropology, religious studies, and philosophy.
========================================

Title: Prayer as a conflict resolution ritual: Clinical implications of
religious couples' report of relationship softening, healing perspective, and
change responsibility.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Butler, Mark H.; Stout, Julie A.; Gardner, Brandt C.
Source/Citation: American Journal of Family Therapy; Vol 30(1) Jan-Feb 2002, US:
Brunner/Mazel; 2002, 19-37
Abstract/Review/Citation: Notes that spirituality and spiritual practices loom
large as predictors of individual and relationship outcomes. For religious
couples, Deity's influence in their marriage is often invoked and experienced
through prayer, and Deity may more regularly and significantly influence
religious couples' interaction than anyone else, including family members. As
a preliminary test of this hypothesis, a geographically diverse sample of 217
religious spouses completed a 102-item Likert-scaled questionnaire assessing
their phenomenological experience of prayer during marital conflict.
Participant spouses noted relationship softening, healing
(neutral/self-change) perspective, and perception or experience of change
responsibility as significant effects associated with their prayer experience.
Issues surrounding clinical use of prayer as a conflict resolution tactic for
religious couples are considered.
========================================

Title: Thriving after trauma: The experience of parents of murdered children.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Parappully, Jose; Rosenbaum, Robert; van den Daele, Leland; Nzewi, Esther
Source/Citation: Journal of Humanistic Psychology; Vol 42(1) Win 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 33-70
Abstract/Review/Citation: Psychological literature on trauma usually focuses on
pathology that results from trauma and pays little attention to positive
outcomes. This article presents a phenomenological inquiry into the
experiences of a profoundly traumatized group of people--parents whose son or
daughter has been murdered--to assess if they were able to experience a
positive outcome resulting from their trauma and to identify associated
processes and resources. Of 65 parents who volunteered, 16 (35-75 yrs old)
were selected to complete a questionnaire and were given in-depth,
semistructured interviews. The interview data, analyzed qualitatively, affirm
positive outcomes for these parents. Four processes--acceptance, finding
meaning, personal decision making, and reaching out to others in
compassion-and six resources--personal qualities, spirituality, continuing
bond with the victim, social support, previous coping experience, and
self-care-facilitate a positive outcome.
========================================

Title: Exploring spiritual beliefs in relation to Adlerian theory.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Polanski, Patricia J.
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 46(2) Jan 2002, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2002, 127-136
Abstract/Review/Citation: According to M. T. Burke et al. (1999), one key
counselor competency regarding spirituality is the ability to explore one's
own religious and spiritual beliefs as a means to enhance sensitivity,
understanding, and acceptance of such beliefs (as cited in G. Miller, 1999).
In addition, an important part of professional development is said to involve
ideological consistency between one's values and theoretical stance (T. M.
Skovholt and M. H. Ronnestad, 1992). This article describes one counselor's
exploration of her spiritual beliefs in relation to Adler's (H. L. Ansbacher
and R. R. Ansbacher, 1956) theory of counseling and human development in an
effort to move toward ideological consistency and to enhance competence in
addressing spiritual dimensions of clients' development.
========================================

Title: Spiritual  dark night  and psychological depression: Some comparisons and
considerations.
Author(s)/Editor(s): O'Connor, Michael
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 46(2) Jan 2002, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2002, 137-148
Abstract/Review/Citation: The author contends that spiritual  dark night  and
some forms of psychological depression share commonalties yet have distinctly
different features that call for different responses from caregivers. The
author presents comparisons between the 2 phenomena; highlights differences
between them to offer counselors guidelines for making informed responses to
their clients' issues; and compares professional preparation for spiritual
directors, pastoral counselors, and traditional counselors. The article
focuses on effective caregiver responses to dark night challenges that may be
misperceived as manifestations of depression and stresses the importance of
counselors and spiritual directors knowing their limits of expertise.
========================================

Title: "Ayeli": Centering technique based on Cherokee spiritual
traditions.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Garrett, Michael Tlanusta; Garrett, J. T.
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 46(2) Jan 2002, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2002, 149-158
Abstract/Review/Citation: A centering technique called "Ayeli," based
on Cherokee spiritual traditions, is presented as a way of incorporating
spirituality into counseling by helping clients identify where they are in
their journey, where they want to be, and how they can get there. Relevant
Native cultural traditions and meanings are explored, including the importance
of honoring personal truths (values), significance of numbers, looking to the
Four Winds, symbolism of circles within circles, Medicine, connect/disconnect,
and seeking vision. In addition, practical considerations and implications are
discussed.
========================================

Title: Personality and spirituality: Christian prayer and Eastern meditation are
not the same.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kaldor, Peter; Francis, Leslie J.; Fisher, John W.
Source/Citation: Pastoral Psychology; Vol 50(3) Jan 2002, US: Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002, 165-172
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined the relationship between personality and two
different forms of spiritual expression, traditional prayer and Eastern
meditation, in a random sample of 1,033 adults (aged 15-70+ yrs). The
Australian Community Survey included a form containing the abbreviated Revised
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire together with questions about the practice
of prayer and Eastern meditation. While prayer was associated with low
psychoticism scores, Eastern meditation was associated with high psychoticism
scores.
========================================

Title: Racist experiences and health outcomes: An examination of spirituality as
a buffer.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bowen-Reid, Terra L.; Harrell, Jules P.
Source/Citation: Journal of Black Psychology; Vol 28(1) Feb 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 18-36
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this study was to extend the research
body, which implicates the insidious effects of racism on health outcomes.
Specifically, this study tested the assumption that perception of racist
experiences would predict differently for self-report symptoms (Symptom
Checklist-90-Revised) compared to an objective measure of health
(cardiovascular [CV] reactivity to standard laboratory stressors). It was also
hypothesized that the cultural variable spirituality would moderate this
relation. A total of 55 undergraduate students of African descent from a
historical Black university in the mid-Atlantic region were recruited to
participate in the current study. Perceived racist experiences and racial
stress were commonly associated with negative health symptoms and showed an
inverse relation to the CV responses. In addition, spirituality served as a
significant moderator between racial stress and negative psychological health
symptoms. Several implications are discussed in light of these findings.
========================================

Title: Men as caregivers:  Theory, research, and service implications.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kramer, Betty J.; Thompson, Edward H.
Source/Citation: New York, NY, US: Springer Publishing Co; 2002, (xii, 394)
Springer series, focus on men.
Abstract/Review/Citation: Today, more and more caregivers are male. Despite this
fact, the vast majority of research on caregiving has centered on the
experience of the female caregiver. This volume addresses the fundamental gap
in our knowledge and theories about the growing male subpopulation of
caregivers. The authors identify the serious limitations that result from
viewing men caregivers through the lens of women's experiences and call for an
unbiased and fresh perspective in future research. Special consideration is
given to men who care for a family member with dementia; fathers of adult
children with mental retardation; gay male caregivers for partners with AIDS;
and sons and parent care.
Notes/Comments: Contributors Acknowledgments Part I: Introduction Men caregivers: An overview Betty J. Kramer What's unique about men's caregiving? Edward H. Thompson, Jr. Part II: Conceptual, theoretical, and methodological insights Theoretical perspectives on caregiving men Eleanor Palo Stoller Methodological issues in research on men caregivers Jamila Bookwala, Judith L. Newman and Richard Schulz Part III:
Research Psychosocial challenges and rewards experienced by caregiving men: A review of the literature and an empirical case example Elizabeth H. Carpenter and Baila H. Miller Physiological challenges associated with caregiving among
men Karen A. Adler, Thomas L. Patterson and Igor Grant The experiences and
relationships of gay male caregivers who provide care for their partners with
AIDS Carolyn Sidwell Sipes AIDS caregiving stress among HIV-infected men
Richard G. Wright The voices of husbands and sons caring for a family member
with dementia Phyllis Braudy Harris Brothers and parent care: An explanation
for sons' underrepresentation Sarah H. Matthews Fathers as caregivers for
adult children with mental retardation Elizabeth L. Essex, Marsha M. Seltzer
and Marty W. Krauss Differences between fathers and mothers in the care of
their children with mental illness Jan S. Greenberg Husbands caring for wives
with cancer Desiree Ciambrone and Susan M. Allen Part IV: Services and
interventions Professional sensitivity to religion-spirituality among male
caregivers Jacqueline M. Stolley and Joan Chohan Principles and interventions
for working therapeutically with caregivers men: Responding to challenges Sam
Femiano and Aimee Coonerty-Femiano Service utilization and support provision
of caregiving men Lenard W. Kaye Epilogue: Implications for practice and
future research [by] Betty J. Kramer Index male caregivers; theories;
dementia; family member; fathers; mental retardation; AIDS; gay male partners;
sons
========================================

Title: Professional sensitivity to religion-spirituality among male caregivers.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Stolley, Jacqueline M.; Chohan, Joan
Source/Citation: Men as caregivers:  Theory, research, and service
implications., New York, NY, US: Springer Publishing Co; 2002, (xii, 394),
317-336 Springer series, focus on men.
Source editor(s): Kramer, Betty J. (Ed); Thompson, Edward H. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This chapter provides a selection of operational
theories and models that can assist health care and social service
professionals in their understanding of the spiritual-religious needs of men
involved in caregiving. The importance of religiosity and spirituality in the
stress and coping progress, particularly for male caregivers whose caregiving
is often ignored as are their spiritual needs, cannot continue to be ignored.
Health care professionals must be sensitive to these areas, perform a
spiritual assessment, and develop a plan of care for the caregiver derived
from this assessment along with assessment of the culture of the caregiver. As
the number of male caregivers increases, the health and social service
professions will be eventually called upon to assess and intervene. This
chapter has demonstrated that a systematic body of research on men's
spirituality-religiosity and caregiver well-being does exist and can assist
professional assisting caregivers.
========================================

Title: The Sexual health Model: application of a sexological approach to HIV
prevention.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Robinson, Beatrice Bean E.; Bockting, Walter O.; Rosser, B. R. Simon; Miner, Michael; Coleman, Eli
Source/Citation: Health Education Research; Vol 17(1) Feb 2002, England: Oxford
Univ Press; 2002, 43-57
Abstract/Review/Citation: Outlines the Sexual Health Model and its application
to long-term HIV prevention through comprehensive, culturally specific,
sexuality education. Derived from a sexological approach to education, the
model defines 10 key components posited to be essential aspects of healthy
human sexuality: talking about sex, culture and sexual identity, sexual
anatomy and functioning, sexual health care and safer sex, challenges to
sexual health, body image, masturbation and fantasy, positive sexuality,
intimacy and relationships, and spirituality. A brief review of literature
supporting a need for a more explicit focus on sexuality and relationships in
HIV prevention is presented to demonstrate the relevance of the Sexual Health
Model. The model is anchored in a holistic definition of sexual health. This
definition is followed by a description of the Sexual Health Model's
developmental origins in sexuality education, the importance of culturally
relevant information, and the authors' qualitative and quantitative research.
The model's 10 key components are discussed in more depth, and the theoretical
and practical applications of this approach to HIV prevention are discussed.
The authors conclude with some cautions and suggestions for research.
========================================

Title: Irritable bowel syndrome and the MindBodySpirit connection (rev. ed.).
Author(s)/Editor(s): Salt, William B.; Neimark, Neil F.
Author Affiliation: Private Practice, Irvine, CA, US
Source/Citation: Columbus, OH, US: Parkview Publishing; 2002, (xxv, 284)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the neurochemical basis of the
mind-body-spirit connection and offers a step-by-step program that leads to a
road of recovery for sufferers of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The authors
describe 7 steps for living a healthy life with a functional bowel disorder,
Crohn's disease, or colitis: (1) connecting your mind, body and spirit; (2)
understanding the neurobiology of the MindBodySpirit connection; (3) Focusing
on IBS; (4) Choosing to heal; (5) Caring for your body; (6) Caring for your
mind and spirit; and (7) Taking action if symptoms persist.
Notes/Comments:  Praise Mission statement Background Dedication Acknowledgements Dear reader About the authors Your prescription for change The seven steps for change Step 1: Connecting your, mind, body and spirit Symptoms of distress Symptoms of syndromes Mind, brain and consciousness Mind and body Mind, Body, and Spirit: The connection The language of MindBodySpirit medicine Step 2: Understanding the neurobiology of the MindBodySpirit connection The MindBodySpirit connection "Good
stress" response "Bad stress" response Step 3: Focusing on IBS Gut anatomy and physiology The causes of IBS The emotional brain and gut Symptoms of IBS and otherfunctional gut syndromes The diagnosis of IBS Myths and misunderstandings Diet and IBS Fiber Treatment of IBS and other functional gut syndromes Step 4: Choosing to heal The healing response Your choices define you Positive attitudes heal Forces of the human mind Mechanisms for healing Step 5: Caring for your body Healing: Your responsibility Sleep Healthy diet Supplements, vitamins, and antioxidants Weight Exercise Resistance exercise Caffeine, alcohol and nicotine Step 6: Caring for your
mind and spirit Self-tests for personal problems Keeping a journal Stress
management and relaxation techniques Cognitive behavioral therapy Changing
attitudes and beliefs Spirituality Step 7: Taking action if symptoms persist
Healing as a process Gastroenterologists, centers of excellence and resources
Other MindBodySpirit professionals Chronic pain management Disability
determination Resources Reproducible journal page Index Discover Parkview
publishing online! Book registration irritable bowel syndrome;
mind-body-spirit connection
========================================

Title: Counseling African American families.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sanders, Jo-Ann Lipford; Bradley, Carla
Source/Citation: Alexandria, VA, US: American Counseling Association; 2002,
(xviii, 97) The family psychology and counseling series.
Abstract/Review/Citation: Illuminates original research on the evolution of
African American family structures; family childrearing, disciplinary
practices, and parenting styles; racial socialization and the construction of
positive self-identity in children and adolescents; the special role of Black
fathers; intergenerational healing practices and rites of passage; and the
influence of the Black church. This test is an excellent resource for
therapists seeking culturally sensitive direction for working with African
American clients.
Notes/Comments:  From the series editor [by] Jon Carlson Preface [by] Jo-Ann Lipford Sanders and Carla Bradley Biographies Contributors Part I: Family structures African American families in the postmodern era Mary Smith Arnold The peripheral African American father: Is there a Black man in the house? Sylvester Huston, Terry D. Lipford and Jeffrey Smith Part II: Parenting concerns Parenting: A community responsibility Carla Bradley Racial socialization Jo-Ann Lipford Sanders Part III: Indigenous social supports
Africentric rites of passage: Nurturing the next generation Paul Hill, Jr. The
Black church: Bridge over troubled water Rufus G. W. Sanders Part IV: Pulling
things together Implications Jo-Ann Lipford Sanders counseling; socialization;
childrearing; family structures; intergenerational practices; parenting
styles; Black church; self-identity; role of Black fathers; cultural
sensitivity; African Americans
========================================

Title: The Black church: Bridge over troubled water.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sanders, Rufus G. W.
Source/Citation: Counseling African American families., Alexandria, VA, US:
American Counseling Association; 2002, (xviii, 97), 73-84 The family
psychology and counseling series.
Source editor(s): Sanders, Jo-Ann Lipford (Ed); Bradley, Carla (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: One of the primary sources of support for many African
American people is spirituality. This spirituality is often tied in with some
form of organized religion. The organized Black church is the oldest and most
influential institution founded, maintained, and controlled by Black people.
This chapter discusses the Black church's influence on African American
families; highlights its historical evolution and its social and strength
agencies, and offers implications for counseling. The focus is organized
Christian bodies, although no particular denomination (such as Baptist,
Methodist, or Pentecostal) is featured.
========================================

Title: Clinical trials of intercessory prayers?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kavanagh, Brian D.
Source/Citation: Academic Medicine; Vol 77(2) Feb 2002, US: Assn of American
Medical Colleges; 2002, 109
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on the article by E. C. Halperin which poses the following question: Should academic medical centers conduct clinical trials to assess the efficacy of intercessory prayer?  The current author states his opinions as to why clinical trials of intercessory prayer should not be conducted.
========================================

Title: "Clinical trials of intercessory prayers?": Reply.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Halperin, Edward C.
Source/Citation: Academic Medicine; Vol 77(2) Feb 2002, US: Assn of American
Medical Colleges; 2002, 109
Abstract/Review/Citation: Replies to B. D. Kavanagh's  comments on E. C. Halperin's   article that posed the following question: Should academic

medical centers
conduct clinical trial to study the efficacy of intercessory prayer? The
current author addresses Kavanagh's argument against conducting such clinical
trials, specifically responding to his views regarding funding for such
clinical trials.
========================================

Title: Factors that support women's successful transition to the community
following jail/prison.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Parsons, Mickey L.; Warner-Robbins, Carmen
Author Affiliation: Welcome Home Ministries, San Diego, CA, US
Source/Citation: Health Care for Women International; Vol 23(1) Jan 2002, United
Kingdom: Taylor & Francis; 2002, 6-18
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this study was to describe factors that
support women's successful transition to the community following
incarceration. The design was qualitative, utilizing open-ended data,
generating interview questions of 27 women (18-60 yrs old) who participate in
Welcome Home Ministries (WHM), a new community faith-based program for women
released from jail/prison. It was found that a multitude of factors are
necessary to support women's successful transition to the community following
incarceration. Although no questions were asked about religion or
spirituality, the rank-ordered dominant factors cited were a spiritual belief
and practice and freedom from addiction. The role of support groups and their
"sisters" in WHM, the nurse-chaplain's jail visit and support, and
the role of supportive friends (not former drug using friends) were additional
key factors. The study findings may be used to support the design of new
interventions based on women's needs and capacities to empower them to create
their own and their children's healthy futures.
========================================

Title: Spirituality unplugged: A review of commonalities and contentions, and a
resolution.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Unruh, Anita M.; Versnel, Joan; Kerr, Natasha
Source/Citation: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy; Vol 69(1) Feb 2002,
Canada: Canadian Assn of Occupational Therapists; 2002, 5-19
Abstract/Review/Citation: This paper examines common themes that are inherent in
definitions of spirituality from diverse professional perspectives. The
commonalities and contentions inherent in these definitions are then
contrasted with the perspectives of occuptional therapists. This discussion is
followed by a challenge for re-examination of spirituality in the Canadian
Model of Occupational Performance and an argument that occupational identity
rather than spirituality should have a central position. The implications of
spirituality and occupational identity for evidence-based occupational therapy
are considered.
========================================

Title: Transformational leadership, corporate cultism and the spirituality
paradigm: An unholy trinity in the workplace?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tourish, Dennis; Pinnington, Ashly
Author Affiliation: U Queensland, School of Management, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Source/Citation: Human Relations; Vol 55(2) Feb 2002, England: Sage
Publications; 2002, 147-172
Abstract/Review/Citation: Leadership is a perennially popular topic in the
academic and practitioner literature on management. In particular, the past
twenty years have witnessed an explosive growth of interest in what has been
termed 'transformational leadership' (TL). The theory is closely linked to the
growth in what has been defined as corporate culturism - an emphasis on the
importance of coherent cultures, as a means of securing competitive advantage.
This article outlines the central components of TL theory, and subjects the
concept to a critical analysis. In particular, similarities are identified
between the components concerned and the characteristics of leadership
practice in organizations generally defined as cults. This connection has been
previously unremarked in the literature. These similarities are
comprehensively reviewed. Trends towards what can be defined as corporate
cultism in modem management practice are also discussed. The authors conclude
that TL models are overly concerned with the achievement of corporate cohesion
to the detriment of internal dissent. Such dissent is a vital ingredient of
effective decision-making. It is suggested that more inclusive and
participatory models of the leadership process are required.
========================================

Title: Pilot study of spirituality and mental health in twins.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tsuang, Ming T.; Williams, Wesley M.; Simpson, John C.; Lyons, Michael J.
Source/Citation: American Journal of Psychiatry; Vol 159(3) Mar 2002, US:
American Psychiatric Assn; 2002, 486-488
Abstract/Review/Citation: The goal of this study was to investigate associations
between empirically defined dimensions of spirituality, personality variables,
and psychiatric disorders in Vietnam era veterans. One hundred pairs of male
twins from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry were administered the self-report
Spiritual Well-Being Scale and a pilot Index of Spiritual Involvement.
Correlation analyses were supplemented with regression analyses that examined
the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on aspects of
spirituality. Existential well-being was significantly associated with seven
of 11 dimensions of personality and was significantly negatively associated
with alcohol abuse or dependence and with two of three clusters of personality
disorder symptoms. Associations between mental health variables and religious
well-being or spiritual involvement were much more limited. Useful
distinctions can be made between major dimensions of spirituality in studies
of spirituality, religious coping, and mental health.
========================================

Title: Psychological assessment of the Old Order Amish: Unraveling the enigma.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Cates, James A.; Graham, Linda L.
Author Affiliation: Indiana U-Purdue U, Nursing Dept, Ft Wayne, IN, US
Source/Citation: Professional Psychology: Research & Practice; Vol 33(2) Apr
2002, US: American Psychological Assn; 2002, 155-161
Abstract/Review/Citation: Old Order Amish define their existence as
"in" but not "of" the world, expressing their spirituality
in a culture currently unique among Christian sects. The mental health
professional--"of" the world, by definition--faces the task of
providing services to a sequestered people. This article examines the needed
modifications in role, to accommodate expectations of equality, and respect
for the boundaries that must always exist. Little professional literature--and
almost none in recent years--addresses psychological interventions with the
Amish. The challenge of providing services to this population illuminates the
challenge of a sequestered people, the demands of cross-cultural service, and
a humbling recognition of the limitations to existing psychological techniques
and research.
========================================

Title: Training and education in religion/spirituality within APA-accredited
clinical psychology programs.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Brawer, Peter A.; Handal, Paul J.; Fabricatore, Anthony N.; Roberts, Rafael; Wajda-Johnston, Valerie A.
Author Affiliation: St. Louis U, Dept of Psychology, St. Louis, MO, US St. Louis
U, St. Louis, MO, US St. Louis U, St. Louis, MO, US Tulane U, Medical Ctr, New
Orleans, LA, US
Source/Citation: Professional Psychology: Research & Practice; Vol 33(2) Apr
2002, US: American Psychological Assn; 2002, 203-206
Abstract/Review/Citation: Future, and current psychologists may find themselves
baffled when confronted with the diversity of religious and spiritual
backgrounds of their clients. Few psychologists have received professional
training with regard to religion and spirituality, despite the public's
overwhelming interest. Currently, the topic of religion/spirituality is being
covered to some degree in most accredited clinical programs. However, a
distinct minority of these programs approach this education and training in a
systematic fashion, whereas other programs report no educational or training
opportunities in this area. Several recommendations are made for training
programs, which are encouraged to increase their sensitivity to this topic,
provide more opportunities for student growth in this area, and incorporate
religious and spiritual issues into course work.
========================================

Title: Religion, spirituality, and marriage and family therapy: A study of
family therapists' beliefs about the appropriateness of addressing religious
and spiritual issues in therapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Carlson, Thomas D.; Kirkpatrick, Dwight; Hecker, Lorna; Killmer, Mark
Author Affiliation: Purdue U Calumet, Hammond, IN, US Purdue U Calumet, Hammond,
IN, US The Samaritan Counseling Ctr, Munster, IN, US
Source/Citation: American Journal of Family Therapy; Vol 30(2) Mar-Apr 2002, US:
Brunner/Mazel; 2002, 157-171
Abstract/Review/Citation: Notes that there have been no published studies in
marriage and family therapy journals that explore marriage and family
therapists' beliefs about the appropriateness of addressing spiritual issues
in therapy. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap in the literature
by examining the beliefs of a random sample of 153 clinical members (aged
30-80 yrs) of the American Association for Marriage and Family in respect to
this issue. Ss completed a 7 instrument survey. The results of the study
provide an indication that therapists believe religion and spirituality are
vital aspects of their personal and professional lives.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and psychological adaptation among women with HIV/AIDS:
Implications for counseling.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Simoni, Jane M.; Martone, Maria G.; Kerwin, Joseph F.
Author Affiliation: Yeshiva U, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, New York,
NY, US Yeshiva U, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, New York, NY, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Counseling Psychology; Vol 49(2) Apr 2002, US:
American Psychological Assn; 2002, 139-147
Abstract/Review/Citation: Survey interviews with 230 predominantly African
American and Puerto Rican low-income women who were living with HIV/AIDS in
New York City revealed high levels of spirituality and spiritually based
coping with HIV. Both spirituality indicators positively correlated with the
 requency of receipt of HIV-related social support; they were negatively
related to recent drug use. Two hierarchical regression analyses that
controlled relevant covariates indicated positive correlations between the
spirituality indicators and psychological adaptation (i.e., a composite
measure of depressive symptomatology, mood states, mastery, and self-esteem).
The beneficial effect of spiritually based coping persisted even when other
types of coping were controlled. The discussion considers implications for
counseling women living with HIV as well as for research and theory in the
area of spiritually based coping.
========================================

Title: What do family physicians think about spirituality in clinical practice?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ellis, Mark R.; Campbell, James D.; Detwiler-Breidenbach, Ann; Hubbard, Dena K.
Author Affiliation: U Missouri-Columbia, Dept of Family & Community
Medicine, MO, US U Missouri-Columbia, Dept of Rural Sociology, US U
Missouri-Columbia, Dept of Family & Community Medicine, MO, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Practice; Vol 51(3) Mar 2002, US: Dowden
Health Media; 2002, 249-254
Abstract/Review/Citation: Describes the context in which physicians address
patients' spiritual concerns, including their attitudes toward this task, cues
to discussion, practice patterns, and barriers and facilitators. This was a
qualitative study using semistructured interviews of 13 family physicians
(aged 37-63 yrs). Physicians who reported regularly addressing spiritual
issues do so because of the primacy of spirituality in their lives and because
of the scientific evidence associating spirituality with health. Respondents
noted that patients' spiritual questions arise from their unique responses to
chronic illness, terminal illness, and life stressors. Physicians reported
varying approaches to spiritual assessment; affirmed that spiritual
discussions should be approached with sensitivity and integrity; and reported
physician, patient, mutual physician-patient, and situational barriers.
Facilitators of spiritual discussions included physicians' modeling a life
that includes a spiritual focus.
========================================

Title: What is spiritual intelligence?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Vaughan, Frances
Source/Citation: Journal of Humanistic Psychology; Vol 42(2) Spr 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 16-33
Abstract/Review/Citation: This inquiry into spiritual intelligence suggests that
it is one of several types of intelligence and that it can be developed
relatively independently. Spiritual intelligence calls for multiple ways of
knowing and for the integration of the inner life of mind and spirit with the
outer life of work in the world. It can be cultivated through questing,
inquiry, and practice. Spiritual experiences may also contribute to its
development, depending on the context and means of integration. Spiritual
maturity is expressed through wisdom and compassionate action in the world.
Spiritual intelligence is necessary for discernment in making spiritual
choices that contribute to psychological well-being and overall healthy human
development.
========================================

Title: 2001 SEYMOUR B. SARASON AWARD ADDRESS: The spirit of community
psychology.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kelly, James G.
Source/Citation: American Journal of Community Psychology; Vol 30(1) Feb 2002,
Netherlands: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002, 43-63
Abstract/Review/Citation: Community psychology as a field may have lost some of
its original spirit; a spirit dominant at the founding of the field. Spirit is
a difficult concept to discuss since it is a concept beyond usual discourse in
psychology as a denotative, measurable and verifiable concept. Taking the lead
from William James, Spirit, however elusive, is most essential to a sense of
self. The author offers 3 suggestions to enhance and to make our individual
and collective spirit more vital: (1) Continuing education in the history of
community psychology; (2) Creating time to share stories about our work; (3)
Creating safe settings to enlarge our spirit. These ideas are offered as
pragmatic suggestions to enable us to create more coherence between our
personal and professional selves.
========================================
 

Title: Religiosity/spirituality and belief in the paranormal: A German
replication.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Thalbourne, Michael A.; Houtkooper, Joop M.
Author Affiliation: Justus-Liebig-U Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Source/Citation: Journal of the Society for Psychical Research; Vol 66(867) Apr
2002, England: Society for Psychical Research; 2002, 113-115
Abstract/Review/Citation: Using data from 188 students (aged 15-61 yrs) at a
German university, an attempt was made to find a positive correlation between
two measures of belief in the paranormal and religiosity/spirituality. Each of
the two paranormal belief measures correlated significantly with each other
and with the religiosity variable, the latter correlations indicating that,
once again, believers in the paranormal are more likely to be
religious/spiritually-minded.
========================================

Title: Forgiveness and romantic relationships in college: Can it heal the
wounded heart?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Rye, Mark S.; Pargament, Kenneth I.
Author Affiliation: Bowling Green State U, Bowling Green, OH, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Clinical Psychology; Vol 58(4) Apr 2002, US: John
Wiley & Sons; 2002, 419-441
Abstract/Review/Citation: Evaluated the effects of 2 versions of a 6-wk group
forgiveness intervention for college women who had been wronged in a romantic
relationship. 58 18-23 yr old Christian Ss were randomly assigned to a
secular, religiously integrated, or no-intervention comparison condition. Ss
completed a variety of forgiveness and mental health measures at 1-wk pretest,
1-wk posttest, and 6-wk follow-up. Forgiveness strategies utilized by Ss also
were examined. Ss in both intervention conditions improved significantly more
than did those in the comparison condition on 2 measures of forgiveness and a
measure of existential well-being. Program effects were maintained at 6-wk
follow-up. Contrary to hypotheses, there were no differential treatment
effects when comparing Ss in the secular and the religiously integrated
conditions. Ss generally rated the programs favorably. It is also noted that
religiously-based forgiveness strategies were among the most common strategies
used by Ss across all conditions. This seems to suggest that, at least for
some individuals, forgiveness is tied intricately to religion/spirituality.
========================================

Title: Spirituality among older African Americans.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Armstrong, Tonya D.; Crowther, Martha R.
Author Affiliation: U Alabama, Dept of Psychology, AL, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Adult Development: Special Issue: Spirituality and
adult development.; Vol 9(1) Jan 2002, US: Kluwer Academic; 2002, 3-12
Abstract/Review/Citation: Recent changes in gerontology have drawn attention to
the role of spirituality among older adults. Demographic trends suggest that
the number of African Americans over the age of 65 is increasing, with the
largest shift to occur in persons 85 yrs of age and older. Given the paucity
of information available regarding the relationship between spirituality and
aging along with the increase in the number of older African Americans, a
literature review of these concepts is sorely needed. This paper provides a
thorough profile of older African Americans, with a review of historical and
cultural factors that have informed the spiritual development of this
population. Additionally, attention is given to methodological issues such as
definitions, measures, sampling, and research designs at the interface of
development and spirituality in this population. The paper also reviews
findings to date about the effects of spirituality on physical and mental
health among older African Americans.
========================================

Title: The role of attachment in predicting spiritual coping with a loved one in
surgery.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Belavich, Timothy G.; Pargament, Kenneth I.
Author Affiliation: Bowling Green State U, Bowling Green, OH, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Adult Development: Special Issue: Spirituality and
adult development.; Vol 9(1) Jan 2002, US: Kluwer Academic; 2002, 13-29
Abstract/Review/Citation: Research has examined the relationship between
spiritual coping and adjustment and found that individuals employ spirituality
in coping in various ways. However, the reasons that individuals choose
certain strategies remains unclear. The current project examined whether
spiritual coping mediates the relationship between attachment to God and
adjustment for individuals (N=155; mean age 44 yrs) waiting for a loved one
undergoing inpatient surgery. Results from the present study indicated that
attachment to God was differentially related to spiritual coping activities
and styles. In turn, spiritual coping was associated with the adjustment to
the surgery vigil. Data were analyzed through path analysis of models for each
of the outcome variables (Religious Outcome, General Outcome, Stress-Related
Growth, and General Health Questionnaire). Attachment to God was predictive of
spiritual coping, which, in turn, was predictive of adjustment. Attachment to
God provides a useful framework for understanding why individuals choose
particular coping strategies.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and psychosocial development in middle-age and older adults
with vision loss.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Brennan, Mark
Source/Citation: Journal of Adult Development: Special Issue: Spirituality and
adult development.; Vol 9(1) Jan 2002, US: Kluwer Academic; 2002, 31-46
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined the buffering effects of spirituality on
stress resulting from vision status, health status, and from other significant
life events as related to psychosocial development according to E. H.
Erikson's 8-stage theory. Participants were middle-aged and older adults with
recent vision loss who had applied for vision rehabilitation services (n=195;
aged 45-64 yrs for middle-aged and 65+ yrs for older adults). The regression
model included independent factors of sociodemographic variables, life stress
measures (i.e., vision status, health status, and life experience ratings),
mediating variables (i.e., spirituality, religiousness, and social support),
and the outcome of psychosocial development. Spirituality was found to play a
buffering role on the effects of negative life experience impact and control
ratings. Vision impairment status did not appear to either promote or hinder
psychosocial development.
========================================

Title: Assessing and measuring spirituality: Confronting dilemmas of universal
and particular evaluative criteria.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Moberg, David O.
Source/Citation: Journal of Adult Development: Special Issue: Spirituality and
adult development.; Vol 9(1) Jan 2002, US: Kluwer Academic; 2002, 47-60
Abstract/Review/Citation: The spirituality of humanity is increasingly
acknowledged, but it is variously defined and interpreted because of the
diverse normative frames of reference for evaluations. Many of these are based
upon religious and philosophical ideologies that disagree with each other
about the characteristics of spiritual health and illness. Indicators of
spiritual wellness acceptable in some groups often are inappropriate for
groups with different values. An inescapable reductionism complicates all
spirituality measurements. Scales intended to be universally valid have many
deficiencies. They override distinctive norms of minority groups and
contribute to their mistreatment and victimization. Using only universal
measures contributes to the loss of verifiable knowledge. Suggestions to
resolve such problems combine particularistic and universal strategies for
clinical assessments and scientific research.
========================================

Title: Toward a psychology of religion, spirituality, meaning-search, and aging:
Past research and a practical application.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Seifert, Lauren S.
Source/Citation: Journal of Adult Development: Special Issue: Spirituality and
adult development.; Vol 9(1) Jan 2002, US: Kluwer Academic; 2002, 61-70
Abstract/Review/Citation: The current work is a combined review of several major
theoretical issues in religious gerontology and of related research findings.
It is intended to briefly inform, rather than to serve as a comprehensive
review of the literature. The current author's primary goals are to put-forth
points of information about contemporary terminology, to conceptualize motives
for meaning-search at any age, to synthesize a few major findings and
associated flaws in the research, and to describe a practical approach to the
psychology of religion and spirituality (i.e., coping outcomes research).
Within the current work, the reader is directed to sources of extensive
reviews of data and of broader theoretical debates.
========================================

Title: Lifespan development revisited: African-centered spirituality throughout
the life cycle.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Wheeler, Evangeline A.; Ampadu, Lena M.; Wangari, Esther
Author Affiliation: Towson U, Baltimore, MD, US Towson U, Baltimore, MD, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Adult Development: Special Issue: Spirituality and
adult development.; Vol 9(1) Jan 2002, US: Kluwer Academic; 2002, 71-78
Abstract/Review/Citation: Traditionally in the field of psychology, most
theories were developed from the perspective of scholars from Western culture.
Because of this, the generality of such theories is usually limited,
especially when applying them to people of African descent who have
experienced different realities of life as a function of worldwide racial
oppression. Especially lacking in the theories is a consideration of the role
of spirituality in the development and psychological well-being of people of
African descent. The authors discuss the problems of Western theories using E.
H. Erikson's model of life-span development as an example. They present the
definition of spirituality using an African-centered lens, and then propose a
synthesis between Western and non-Western developmental theories with the
issue of spirituality placed in the center of analysis.
========================================

Title: Spiritual development across the adult life course: Findings from a
longitudinal study.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Wink, Paul; Dillon, Michele
Author Affiliation: U New Hampshire, Dept of Sociology, Durham, NH, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Adult Development: Special Issue: Spirituality and
adult development.; Vol 9(1) Jan 2002, US: Kluwer Academic; 2002, 79-94
Abstract/Review/Citation: Longitudinal data spanning early (1930s) and older
(late 1960s/mid-1970s) adulthood were used to study spiritual development
across the adult life course in a sample of men and women belonging to a
younger (born 1928/29) and an older (born 1920/21) age cohort. All
participants, irrespective of gender and cohort, increased significantly in
spirituality between late middle (mid-50s/early 60s) and older adulthood.
Members of the younger cohort increased in spirituality throughout the adult
life cycle. In the second half of adulthood, women increased more rapidly in
spirituality than men. Spiritual involvement in older age was predicted by
religious involvement and personality characteristics in early adulthood and
subsequent experiences of negative life events.
========================================

Title: Discussing religious and spiritual issues at the end of life: A practical
guide for physicians.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lo, Bernard; Ruston, Delaney; Kates, Laura W.; Arnold, Robert M.; Cohen, Cynthia B.; Faber-Langendoen, Kathy; Pantilat, Steven Z.; Puchalski, Christina M.; Quill, Timothy R.; Rabow, Michael W.; Schreiber, Simeon; Sulmasy, Daniel P.; Tulsky, James A.
Author Affiliation: U California, School of Medicine, Program in Medical Ethics,
Div of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco, CA, US U California, School
of Medicine, Program in Medical Ethics, Div of General Internal Medicine, San
Francisco, CA, US U Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Div of General Internal
Medicine, Ctr for Bioethics & Health Law, Pittsburgh, PA, US Georgetown U,
Kennedy Inst of Ethics, Washington, DC, US State U New York, Upstate Medical
Ctr, Syracuse, NY, US U California, School of Medicine, Program in Medical
Ethics, Div of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco, CA, US George
Washington U School of Medicine, Inst for Spirituality & Health, Div of
Aging Studies, St. Louis, MO, US U Rochester School of Medicine, Program for
Biopsychosocial Studies, Dept of Medicine, Rochester, NY, US U California,
School of Medicine, Program in Medical Ethics, Div of General Internal
Medicine, San Francisco, CA, US Hackensack U Medical Ctr, Hackensack, NJ, US
the Bioethics Inst of New York Medicine Coll, John J. Conley Dept of Ethics,
St Vincent's Manhattan, New York, NY, US Duke U, Dept of Medicine, Program on
the Medical Encounter & Palliative Care, Durham, NC, US
Source/Citation: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association; Vol 287(6)
Feb 2002, US: American Medical Assn; 2002, 749-754
Abstract/Review/Citation: As patients near the end of life, their spiritual and
religious concerns may be awakened or intensified. Many physicians feel
unskilled and uncomfortable discussing these concerns. This article suggests
how physicians might respond when patients raise such concerns. Some patients
may explicitly base decisions about life-sustaining interventions on their
spiritual or religious beliefs. Physicians need to explore those beliefs to
help patients think through their preferences regarding specific
interventions. Other patients may not bring up spiritual or religious concerns
but are troubled by them. Physicians should identify such concerns and listen
to them empathetically, without trying to alleviate the patient's spiritual
suffering or offering premature reassurance. Some patient's may have religious
reasons for insisting on life-sustaining interventions that physicians advise
against. The physician should listen and try to understand the patient's
viewpoint. Patients and families who feel that the physician understands them
and cares about them may be more willing to consider the physician's views on
prognosis and treatment. By responding to patients' spiritual and religious
concerns, physicians may help them find comfort and closure near the end of
life.
========================================

Title: Between wonder and doubt: Psychoanalysis in the goal-free zone.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Cooper, Paul
Source/Citation: American Journal of Psychoanalysis; Vol 62(1) Mar 2002, US:
Kluwer Academic; 2002, 95-118
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examines the experiential dimensions of wonder and
doubt as one way to articulate the creative and growth-promoting tensions
between the medical/scientific and the spiritual/mystical models. Both forms
of experience, it is argued, function as necessary elements in a psychotherapy
that integrates psychoanalysis and spiritual praxes. Fundamental differences
between the medical/scientific and spiritual/mystical models are examined. The
notion of the gap illustrates these diametrically opposed, albeit compatible
and necessary, points of view. The multifaceted layers of movement between
Buddhism and psychoanalysis typify interacting dynamics between the two
disciplines and provide a focal point for discussion. The paper then explores
parallels between the Zen Buddhist notion of "Satori" as explicated
in the writings of D. T. Suzuki and Wilfred Bion's notion of "O."
Theoretical aspects of the discussion provide a backdrop for exploring
clinical experience regarding the relationship between acceptance and change,
and the clinical relevance of the Buddhist notions of "gaining idea"
and "basic goodness." The author also explores relationships between
presence as actuality and ideal; knowing and not knowing; wonder and doubt.
Clinical material supports the theoretical aspects.
========================================

Title: The synergy of depravity and loneliness in alcoholism: A new
conceptualization, and old problem.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Loos, Michael D.
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 46(3) Apr 2002, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2002, 199-212
Abstract/Review/Citation: The author uses the term "depraved
loneliness" to represent the spiritual (or "soul") sickness
alluded to in  Alcoholics Anonymous, arguing that combining these 2 terms to form a single paradigm has not been examined. It is further argued that the
synergy of depravity and loneliness, as a singular condition, may precipitate
relapse and premature death through suicide by individuals during late
recovery from alcoholism. Germinal qualitative research is necessary, and
additional study of this proposed condition is encouraged. Implications for
counselors are discussed.
========================================

Title: Spirituality in counseling: What do counseling students think about it?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Souza, Katherine Z.
Source/Citation: Counseling & Values; Vol 46(3) Apr 2002, US: Assn for
Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling; 2002, 213-217
Abstract/Review/Citation: The author discusses students' reactions to 4
seminars, 1-hr each, on the topic of spirituality in counseling. Students were
enrolled in a master's level counseling program. Several issues emerged that
have implications for the training of counselors on spiritual issues;
including students' level of comfort with discussing spiritual issues, the
difficulty of defining spirituality, client and counselor readiness to explore
spirituality, and training issues in the area of spirituality. Ideas for
further research are discussed.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and health: What's the evidence and what's needed?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Thoresen, Carl E.; Harris, Alex H. S.
Author Affiliation: Stanford U, Stanford, CA, US
Source/Citation: Annals of Behavioral Medicine: Special Issue: Spirituality,
Religiousness, and Health: From Research to Clinical Practice; Vol 24(1) Win
2002, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002, 3-13
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article offers readers some empirical evidence
about possible associations between religious and/or spiritual (RS) factors
and health outcomes. In considering this evidence, the authors believe a
healthy skepticism is in order. One needs to remain open to the possibility
that RS-related beliefs and behaviors may influence health, yet one needs
empirical evidence based on well-controlled studies that support these claims
and conclusions. The authors hope to introduce the dismissing critic to
suggestive data that may create tempered doubt and to introduce the uncritical
advocate to issues and concerns that will encourage greater modesty in the
making of claims and drawing of conclusions. The following questions are
commented on: Do specific RS factors influence health outcomes? What possible
mechanisms might explain a relation, if one exists? Are there any implications
for health professionals at this point in time? Recommendations concern the
need to improve research designs and measurement strategies and to clarify
conceptualizations of RS factors. RS factors appear to be associated with
physical and overall health, but the relation appears far more complex and
modest than some contend. Which specific RS factors enhance or endanger health
and well-being remains unclear.
========================================

Title: Claims about religious involvement and health outcomes.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sloan, Richard P.; Bagiella, Emilia
Author Affiliation: Columbia U, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, US
Source/Citation: Annals of Behavioral Medicine: Special Issue: Spirituality,
Religiousness, and Health: From Research to Clinical Practice; Vol 24(1) Win
2002, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002, 14-21
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examines the claims that have asserted that there are
a great many studies in the literature that have examined relations between
religious involvement and health outcomes and that the majority of them have
shown that religious people are healthier. This paper examined the validity of
these claims in 2 ways: (1) to determine the percentage of articles in the
literature that were potentially relevant to such a claim, the authors
identified all English-language articles with published abstracts identified
by a Medline search using the search term religion in the year 2000, and (2)
to examine the quality of the data in articles cited as providing support for
such a claim, we examined all articles in the area of cardiovascular disease
and hypertension cited by 2 comprehensive reviews of the literature. Of the
266 articles published in the year 2000 and identified by the Medline search,
only 17% were relevant to claims of health benefits associated with religious
involvement. About half of the articles cited in the comprehensive reviews
were irrelevant to these claims. Of those that actually were relevant, many
either had methodological flaws or were misrepresented, leaving only a few
articles that could truly be described as demonstrating beneficial effects of
religious involvement.
========================================

Title: The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale: Development, theoretical
description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary
construct validity using health-related data.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Underwood, Lynn G.; Teresi, Jeanne A.
Author Affiliation: Hebrew Home for the Aged at Riverdale, US
Source/Citation: Annals of Behavioral Medicine: Special Issue: Spirituality,
Religiousness, and Health: From Research to Clinical Practice; Vol 24(1) Win
2002, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002, 22-33
Abstract/Review/Citation: Describes the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES)
and its development, reliability, exploratory factor analyses, and preliminary
construct validity. Normative data from a total of 1,845 Ss and preliminary
relationships of health-related data with the DSES also are included. Detailed
data for the 16-item DSES are provided from 2 studies; a 3rd study provided
data on a subset of 6 items, and a 4th study was done on the interrater
reliability of the item subset. A rationale for the conceptual underpinnings
and item selection is provided, as are suggested pathways for linkages to
health and well-being. This scale addresses reported ordinary experiences of
spirituality such as awe, joy that lifts one out of the mundane, and a sense
of deep innerpeace. Studies using the DSES may identify ways in which this
element of life may influence emotion, cognition and behavior, and health or
ways in which this element may be treated as an outcome in itself a particular
component of well-being. The DSES evidenced good reliability across several
studies with internal consistency estimates in the .90s. Preliminary evidence
showed that daily spiritual experience is related to decreased total alcohol intake, improved quality of life, and positive psychosocial status.
========================================

Title: The Ironson-Woods Spirituality/Religiousness Index is associated with
long survival, health behaviors, less distress, and low cortisol in people
with HIV/AIDS.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ironson, Gail; Soloman, George F.; Balbin, Elizabeth G.; O'Cleirigh, Conall; George, Annie; Kumar, Mahendra; Larson, David; Woods, Teresa E.
Author Affiliation: U California, Los Angeles, CA, US U Miami, Dept of
Psychology & Behavioral Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, US U Miami, Dept of
Psychology & Behavioral Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, US U Miami, Dept of
Psychology & Behavioral Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, US U Miami, Dept of
Psychiatry, Coral Gables, FL, US National Inst for Healthcare Research, US U
Wisconsin, Madison, WI, US
Source/Citation: Annals of Behavioral Medicine: Special Issue: Spirituality,
Religiousness, and Health: From Research to Clinical Practice; Vol 24(1) Win
2002, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002, 34-48
Abstract/Review/Citation: Determined the reliability and validity of the
Ironson-Woods Spirituality/Religiousness (SR) Index, examined the relation
between spirituality and religiousness and important health outcomes for
people living with HIV, and examined the potential mediators of these
relations. One aim was to determine whether subscales of spirituality,
religiousness, or both would be independently related to long survival in
people living with AIDS. Four factors were identified on the Ironson-Woods SR
Index. Each subscale was related to long survival with AIDS. That is, the
long-term survivor (LTS) group (79 Ss) scored higher on these factors than did
the HIV-positive comparison group (200 Ss). LTS was also related to both
frequency of prayer and judgmental attitude. In addition, the Ironson-Woods SR
Index yielded strong and significant correlations with less distress, more
hope, social support, health behaviors, helping others, and lower cortisol
levels. The relation between religious behavior and health outcomes was not
due to social support. Further analyses were conducted, which identified
urinary cortisol concentrations and altruistic behavior as mediators of the
relation between SR and long survival.
========================================

Title: Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: The Functional
Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp).
Author(s)/Editor(s): Peterman, Amy H.; Fitchett, George; Brady, Marianne J.; Hernandez, Lesbia; Cella, David
Author Affiliation: Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Ctr, US Northwestern U,
Evanston, IL, US U Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico Northwestern U, Evanston, IL, US
Source/Citation: Annals of Behavioral Medicine: Special Issue: Spirituality,
Religiousness, and Health: From Research to Clinical Practice; Vol 24(1) Win
2002, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002, 49-58
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article reports on the development and testing of
a measure of spiritual well-being, the Functional Assessment of Chronic
Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp), within 2 samples of cancer
patients. The instrument comprises 2 subscales--one measuring a sense of
meaning and peace and the other assessing the role of faith in illness. A
total score for spiritual well-being is also produced Study 1 (1,617 Ss; mean
age 54.6 yrs) demonstrates good internal consistency reliability and a
significant relation with quality of life in a large, multiethnic sample.
Study 2 (131 Ss; aged 20-82 yrs)examines convergent validity with 5 other
measures of religion and spirituality in a sample of individuals with mixed
early stage and metastatic cancer diagnoses. Results of the 2 studies
demonstrate that the FACIT-Sp is a psychometrically sound measure of spiritual
well-being for people with cancer and other chronic illnesses.
========================================

Title: Correlates of self-perceptions of spirituality in American adults.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Shahabi, Leila; Powell, Lynda H.; Musick, Marc A.; Pargament, Kenneth I.; Thoresen, Carl E.; Williams, David; Underwood, Lynn; Ory, Marcia A.
Author Affiliation: Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Ctr, Chicago, IL, US U
Texas, Austin, TX, US Bowling Green State U, Bowling Green, OH, US Stanford U,
Stanford, CA, US U Michigan, MI, US Fetzer Inst, US National Inst on Aging, US
Source/Citation: Annals of Behavioral Medicine: Special Issue: Spirituality,
Religiousness, and Health: From Research to Clinical Practice; Vol 24(1) Win
2002, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002, 59-68
Abstract/Review/Citation: To advance knowledge in the study of spirituality and
physical health, the authors examined sociodemographic, behavioral, and
attitudinal correlates of self-perceptions of spirituality. 1,422 adults (mean
age 45.6 yrs) responded to the 1998 General Social Survey. Ss rated themselves
on the depth of their spirituality and the depth of their religiousness. After
adjustment for religiousness, self-perceptions of spirituality were positively
correlated with being female, having a higher education, and having no
religion and inversely correlated with age and being Catholic. After
adjustment for these sociodemographic factors, self-perceptions of
spirituality were associated with high levels of religious or spiritual
activities, low cynical mistrust, and low political conservatism. The
population was divided into 4 groups based on their self-perceptions of degree
of spirituality and degree of religiousness. The spiritual and religious group
had a higher frequency of attending services, praying, meditating, reading the
Bible, and daily spiritual experience than any of the other 3 groups and had
less distress and less mistrust than the religious-only group. They were also
more intolerant than either of the nonreligious groups and similar on
intolerance to the religious-only group.
========================================

Title: Should clinicians incorporate positive spirituality into their practices?
What does the evidence say?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Larimore, Walter L.; Parker, Michael; Crowther, Martha
Author Affiliation: U Alabama, Dept of Psychology, AL, US
Source/Citation: Annals of Behavioral Medicine: Special Issue: Spirituality,
Religiousness, and Health: From Research to Clinical Practice; Vol 24(1) Win
2002, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002, 69-73
Abstract/Review/Citation: This paper reviews the evidence of the incorporation
of basic and positive spiritual care into clinical practice, which
demonstrates that (1) there is frequently a positive association between
positive spirituality and mental and physical health and well being, (2) most
patients desire to be offered basic spiritual care by their clinicians, (3)
most patients censure professions for ignoring their spiritual needs, (4) most
clinicians believe that spiritual interventions would help their patients but
have little training in providing basic spiritual assessment or care, (5)
professional associations and educational institutions are beginning to
provide learners and clinicians information on how to incorporate spirituality
and practice, and (6) anecdotal evidence indicates that clinicians having
received such training find it immediately helpful and do apply it to their
practice. The authors point out the reasons that much more research is needed,
especially outcome-based, clinical research on the effects of these spiritual
interventions by clinicians. It is concluded that the evidence demonstrates
that trained or experienced clinicians should encourage positive spirituality
with their patients and that there is no evidence that such therapy is, in
general, harmful.
========================================

Title: The witches' brew of spirituality and medicine.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lawrence, Raymond J.
Source/Citation: Annals of Behavioral Medicine: Special Issue: Spirituality,
Religiousness, and Health: From Research to Clinical Practice; Vol 24(1) Win
2002, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002, 74-76
Abstract/Review/Citation: States that proposals to join spirituality and
medicine are facile and ill defined. It is argued that the notion that
physicians have the time or training to make assessments and recommendations
about spirituality is misguided. The author notes that whenever a physician
demonstrates personal caring for a patient, the healing process is likely
enhanced, and in that sense, physicians often promote the spirituality of the
patient. However, proposals to extend the physician's task to that of
assessing religion and directing the patient toward approved forms of
spirituality are inappropriate. The languages of religion and science are
radically different. The cultural body-mind split will not be solved by such
simplistic solutions as having physicians endorse spirituality, which will
result only in denigration of both medicine and religion. Physicians are
encouraged to rely on clinically trained ministers for assistance in
understanding the patient's state of mind or spirit and its possible effects
on the course of illness and health.
========================================

Title: Congruence in Satir's model: Its spiritual and religious significance.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lee, Bonnie K.
Source/Citation: Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal; Vol
24(1) Mar 2002, US: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002, 57-78
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the essentialist-existential philosophy
implicit in V. Satir's model of healing using P. Tillich's systematic
philosophical framework. Parallels between Satir's model of the person are
drawn with Tillich's ontological categories of essence and existence,
individualization and participation, and destiny and freedom. Congruence as
the integration of elements in 3 vital human dimensions, the interpersonal,
intrapsychic, and spiritual-universal, is correlated with Tillich's
 philosophical understanding of "salvation." The author contends that
the religious quest is understood as a systemic, multidimensional process that
brings the interactive and interdependent personal, interpersonal and
spiritual dimensions into a restored unity. It is concluded that Satir's
rehumanization project and Tillich's religious quest are shown to coincide.
========================================

Title: Competing interests on religious conviction or spirituality may be
important.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lagnado, Max
Source/Citation: BMJ: British Medical Journal; Vol 324(7344) Apr 2002, England:
British Medical Assn; 2002, 1037
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on a study conducted by L. Leibovici that found that remote, retroactive intercessory prayer may be associated with better outcomes for patients with blood infections. The current author highlights the importance of considering competing interests when debating about such issues as religion and spirituality.
========================================

Title: Changing worlds, changing selves: The experience of the religious self
among Catholic collegians.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lee, Jenny J.
Source/Citation: Journal of College Student Development; Vol 43(3) May-Jun 2002,
US: ACPA Executive Office; 2002, 341-356
Abstract/Review/Citation: The interplay between students' views of college and
of the religious self was examined to understand the internal processes of
those who underwent a religious change. Interviews of four traditional-aged
college students representing diverse ethnic backgrounds demonstrated how
social and academic communities contribute to changes towards a redefined
spiritual self.
========================================

Title: Comparing spiritual development and cognitive development.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Love, Patrick G.
Source/Citation: Journal of College Student Development; Vol 43(3) May-Jun 2002,
US: ACPA Executive Office; 2002, 357-373
Abstract/Review/Citation: Three spiritual development theories and theorists
(i.e., S. Parks, J. W. Fowler, and D. A. Helminiak) were compared with
traditional cognitive development theory and theorists. The analysis reveals
both commonalities between the two sets of theories and unique contributions
to an understanding of student development on the part of spiritual
development theory. Practical and research implications are described.
========================================

Title: Mapping the matrix: Healing vision and communication.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Douglas, Angela
Source/Citation: Group Analysis; Vol 35(1) Mar 2002, England: Sage Publications;
2002, 89-103
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses theories of spiritual healing used in group
analysis, particularly the chakra system. The chakra system is founded on the
notion of an unseen energy system that connects the physical, mental,
emotional, and spiritual levels of an individual. The space surrounding a
person's physical body contains the 7 chakras, or wheels, that receive and
expend energy. Psychotherapy and group analysis operate within energy fields,
with the potential to affect individuals at all levels. Also discussed is the
nature of the matrix concept of S. H. Foulkes, as a similar vehicle for
healing through the development of a shared symbolic language of a group.
========================================

Title: The role of spirituality in psychosocial rehabilitation.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Longo, Daniele A.; Peterson, Stephanie M.
Author Affiliation: Eastern State Hosp, Williamsburg, VA, US
Source/Citation: Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal; Vol 25(4) Spr 2002, US:
Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal; 2002, 333-340
Abstract/Review/Citation: The role of spirituality in mental health and general
wellness has begun to receive much needed attention in the psychological
literature. Historically, however, mental health researchers and practitioners
alike have generally neglected spirituality. There have been at least three
significant barriers to the acceptance of spirituality as a clinical tool in
mental health treatment. These barriers are identified in the article as (a)
the history of mental health treatment; (b) professional stereotypes; and (c)
confusion and fears over the meaning of spirituality. Although more empirical
evidence is needed to investigate the role of spirituality and how to
integrate spiritual beliefs in treatment, the time may have come to
incorporate spirituality in the mental health professional's tool kit.
========================================

Title: Development of the Teenager Experience of Racial Socialization scale:
Correlates of race-related socialization frequency from the perspective of
Black youth.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Stevenson, Howard C. JR; Cameron, Rick; Herrero-Taylor, Teri; Davis, Gwendolyn Y.
Author Affiliation: U Pennsylvania, Interdisciplinary Studies in Human
Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, US U Pennsylvania, School, Community,
and Clinical Child Psychology Program, Philadelphia, PA, US U Pennsylvania,
School, Community, and Clinical Child Psychology Program, Philadelphia, PA, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Black Psychology; Vol 28(2) May 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 84-106
Abstract/Review/Citation: Reports the development of the Teenager Experience of
Racial Socialization (TERS), which asks Ss how often they receive
socialization about managing racism, cultural pride, and spirituality. A
factor analysis was conducted with 26O African American youth (mean age 14.3
yrs). Results reveal 5 meaningful and reliable factors, including Cultural
Coping With Antagonism, Cultural Pride Reinforcement, Cultural Legacy
Appreciation, Cultural Alertness to Discrimination (CAD), and Cultural
Endorsement of the Mainstream (CEM), and 1 composite factor (combines the
first 4 TERS factors) called Cultural Socialization Experience (CULTRS).
Findings reveal that boys experience more CAD communications than do girls, a
moderate degree of family conversations about race is associated with greater
frequency of racial socialization, family member experiences with racism are
associated with higher frequency of CULTRS, and personal experience with
racism is associated with lower CEM in girls but not boys. The presence of a
small correlation between racial socialization experiences and racial
socialization beliefs supports the discriminant validity of the TERS.
Implications for adolescent and family research are discussed. A copy of the
TERS is appended.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and academic performance among African American college
students.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Walker, Katrina L.; Dixon, Vicki
Author Affiliation: East Carolina U, Greenville, NC, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Black Psychology; Vol 28(2) May 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 107-121
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined spirituality and religious participation,
measured as 2 distinct constructs, among African American and European
American college students. Of particular interest was the relationship between
these variables and academic performance. A questionnaire was administered to
192 (109 European American, 83 African American) 18-55 yr old college
students. Findings were consistent with previous research suggesting that
African Americans have higher levels of spiritual beliefs and religious
participation than European Americans do. Correlation analyses suggests that
spiritual beliefs and religious participation are positively related to
academic performance for both groups; however, pattern of the relationship is
different. Beliefs and participation were salient for African Americans,
whereas participation was salient for European Americans. This study raises
questions of how to incorporate spirituality into programming as well as
treatment and interventions.
========================================

Title: Spirituality moderates the effect of stress on emotional and physical
adjustment.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kim, Youngmee; Seidlitz, Larry
Author Affiliation: U Rochester Medical Ctr, Dept of Psychiatry, Rochester, NY,
US
Source/Citation: Personality & Individual Differences; Vol 32(8) Jun 2002,
England: Elsevier Science; 2002, 1377-1390
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study examined the relationship of spirituality
with emotional and physical adjustment to daily stress. 113 college students
(aged 19-33 yrs) completed questionnaire measures of spirituality, daily
stress, affect, and physical symptoms at 2 times 1 mo apart. The results show
that spirituality buffered the adverse effect of stress on adjustment,
controlling for the use of various coping strategies. The findings have
implications for developing prevention programs to improve people's coping
skills by incorporating greater emphasis on spirituality.
========================================

Title: On the Asclepian spirit and the future of psychoanalysis.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Whitehead, Clay C.
Source/Citation: Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis; Vol 30(1)
Mar 2002, US: Guilford Publications; 2002, 53-69
Abstract/Review/Citation: The dynamics of the Asclepian myth are analyzed from a
primarily psychodynamic consideration, and generic dynamics of the healing
imperative are illustrated, focusing on the holistic, spiritual, and
psychodyamic approach of the Asclepians. The story teaches much about the
early theories and practice of ancient medicine. The article briefly considers
Freud's basic methodological assumptions, which essentially split the psyche
and the soma in contrast with the integrating Asclepians. Emerging trends to
reintegrate this split with a nonmetapsychological paradigm are explored. Past
and present resonances in the role of dreams, spirituality, and the
relationship with science are considered. Modern therapists have reacquired
the use of dreams and invented a new set of explanatory myths. Consideration
of future developments leads to linking the "psychosomatic model" of
antiquity with the psychopharmacological interventions now common in
psychodynamic psychotherapy. The Asclepian emphasis on spirituality is also
finding increasing recognition among psychoanalysts and other scientists.
Dreams from modern physicians in analysis are introduced to show that while
practice has changed in external trappings, the underlying dynamics of ancient
and modern healers reflect a common humanity.
========================================

Title: Language, spirituality and cultural empathy: A response to Justin Hart.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hoang, Le (Hoang thi Tuyet Le)
Source/Citation: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy; Vol
23(1) Mar 2002, Australia: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family
Therapy in c/o; 2002, 29-31
Abstract/Review/Citation: Responds to the original article by J. Hart which attempted to broaden the understanding of helping professionals who come into contact with Vietnamese Australians. The current author shares his own experiences in this area, some of which support Hart's argument, others of which bring out different aspects of therapeutic relevance.
========================================

Title: Alcohol problems, alcoholism and spirituality: An overview of measurement
and scales.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Morgan, Oliver J.
Source/Citation: Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly; Vol 20(1) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 1-18
Abstract/Review/Citation: Presents a brief overview of interest in the
relationship of alcohol and other drug problems, addiction and
religiousness/spirituality. Some basic issues involved in this area of
assessment and scientific investigation are addressed. Brief reviews of
several clinical and research instruments that may prove useful in addiction
studies are presented. Providing an overview of measurement issues and
potential scales for use in research related to addiction and spirituality is
seen as beneficial to interested researchers and treatment providers.
========================================

Title: Alcoholics Anonymous and church involvement as predictors of sobriety
among three ethnic treatment populations.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Roland, E. Joyce; Kaskutas, Lee Ann
Author Affiliation: Alcohol Research Group, Berkeley, CA, US
Source/Citation: Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly; Vol 20(1) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 61-77
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined the impact of spirituality and religiousness,
and involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) on sobriety among 3 ethnic
 groups, African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics. Participants (African
Americans:  n=253; Hispanics:  n=60; and Caucasians:  n=538) completed survey
questionnaires upon entry into public, private, and health maintenance
treatment programs. Results indicate that among the 3 groups, African
Americans, who described themselves as more religious, were less likely to
substitute church attendance for participation in AA. African Americans
reporting high AA attendance at the end of 1 year, in addition to church
attendance, were more likely to report sobriety over the past 30 days than
were those African Americans reporting only high church attendance. Among
Caucasians and Hispanics, participants reporting primarily high AA attendance
were more likely to report past 30 day sobriety.
========================================

Title: Dealing with issues of spirituality when they emerge in the counseling
process.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Burke, Joseph Francis
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(7-A) Feb 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 2350
Abstract/Review/Citation: Research indicates that a majority of the population
of the United States considers religion to be important. The probability
exists that these people might prefer to work with a counselor whose
orientation to the therapy process is sensitive to and respectful of the
spiritual perspective. A review of the literature further suggests the
importance of spiritual values in the counseling process.  The purpose of this
qualitative study was to explore and identify counselor responses to issues of
spirituality that emerged in the counseling process. Specifically, the study
attempted to identify the kind of counselor behavior that facilitates clients'
appropriate exploration of spiritual issues with the counselor. The
appropriateness of the exploration meant that it served the counseling process
itself.  Client participants for the study are women and men in the age range
of 25-70; counselors have a minimum of 5 years experience and have been
obtained with the assistance of Division 36 of the American Psychological
Association as well as the Association of Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious
Values in Counseling, a division of the American Counseling Association, the
CAFH Foundation, and the Agosin Group. Clients have been obtained through the
cooperation of the Center for Spiritual Development, the CAFH Foundation, the
Agosin Group, and Common Boundaries. Data analysis has been done using
qualitative processes called data reduction and data verification. This goal
has been attained by use of the semistructured interview with a target sample
of therapists and non-matched clients who have had the experience of dealing
with spiritual issues in therapy. Counselor behaviors that helped or hindered
the therapeutic process emerged through the findings of both the client and
therapist interviews.  The most important therapist behaviors identified by
clients would include therapists showing respect, affirmation, and
understanding to clients' spiritual issues, allowing and inquiring spiritual
issues to come up, tone of therapist's voice in response to client-initiated
spiritual issue. The most important behaviors reported by therapists included
asking questions and inquiring about client spiritual issues, giving
non-verbal approval if a spiritual issue emerged, willingness to listen to
spiritual issues, willing to challenge client beliefs, and showing respect and
reverence for spiritual issues.
========================================

Title: The theory of Christian psychology.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Klostreich, Eva Andrews
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(7-B) Feb 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 3381
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study builds the theoretical basis for Christian
Psychology. A review of the fields of psychology, science and culture are all
shown to call for the development of Christian Psychology. The third and
fourth psychologies, Existential-humanistic, and Transpersonal are based on
Eastern spirituality that is in opposition to Christianity, creating inherent
presuppositional conflicts that compromise clinician and patient who hold
personal Christian belief/values. The existence and critical nature of
persuppositions is addressed. The convergence of a Biblical Worldview and the
 current Age of Interrelatedness are discussed as is the status of Christianity
as a World Religion. Christanity is defined, professional psychoanalytic
psychodynamic psychology is defined. The concept of Christianity as a Culture,
distinctly separate from the church is introduced. Christian Culture is
defined as spanning time, age, culture, race, gender, nation, language and
creed, and is shown to have significant positive effects upon population
demographics. Proof of the presence and effects of evil and miracles as they
impact theory and treatment are discussed through historical literature. The
Theory of Christian Psychology takes contemporary Psychoanalytic Object
Relations Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and together with Christianity whose
foundation is a Biblical Worldview as seen reflected in the Culture of
Christianity, interprets each into the language of the other, demonstrating
their convergence. With paradigm shifts and theory extention, the two become a
powerful theory/therapy that shortens treatment time and creates deep,
enduring healing. The work adds to Object Relations theory for Christian
Psychology presenting an Interdiagnostic Continuum and a related sequential
Psychological Developmental Stages of Attachment seen as a design of normalcy
processes, placed within a multi-dimensional definition of the relational
environment. Together this is seen as reflecting the heart of God and Object
Relations theory, merged as Christian Psychology.
========================================

Title: Quality of life immediately following a peripheral blood stem cell
transplant.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hacker, Eileen Danaher
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(7-B) Feb 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 3135
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this prospective, longitudinal study
was to describe the peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) patient's
quality of life (QOL) immediately following the transplant. The patients were
assessed prior to transplantation (n = 16), immediately prior to hospital
discharge (n = 10), 2 weeks post hospital discharge (n = 10), and 6 weeks post
hospital discharge (n = 8). At each assessment point, patients completed the
European Organization for Research and Training Quality of Life
Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life
Index (QLI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Medical
Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS), the Family APGAR, and the
System of Belief Inventory (SBI-15R). A brief telephone interview was
conducted 6 weeks post hospitalization (n = 7). The study results indicate
that PBSCT patients experience significant changes in appetite loss (p <
0.01), diarrhea (p < 0.05), nausea and vomiting (p < 0.05), and sleep
disturbances (p < 0.01) during the acute post transplant period. Although
statistically significant differences over time were not found for any of the
EORTC QLQ-C30's five functional subscales, global quality of life/health
status subscale, or fatigue subscale, clinically meaningful changes were
identified and a general pattern of recovery emerged. The PBSCT patients
reported diminished functional ability, increased symptomatology, and poorer
quality of life immediately prior to hospital discharge. By 6 weeks post
hospitalization, patients had returned to their pretransplant functional
ability, symptomatology and global quality of life. No significant differences
over time in terms of overall life satisfaction and satisfaction with various
quality of life domains as measured by the QLI were found. Patients did not
experience significant differences in anxiety and depression over the course
of the study. However, mean anxiety scores on the HADS were greater than the
minimum cutoff score of 7/8 (indicating possible anxiety) immediately prior to
hospital discharge and 6 weeks post hospitalization. The patients reported
high levels of social support prior to transplantation that remained constant
until at least six weeks following hospital discharge. Patients were highly
satisfied with their family functioning throughout the acute transplant
experience. The PBSCT patients did not report significant differences in
measures of spirituality over time.
========================================

Title: Quality of life factors among recovering alcoholics.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Compton, George Edwin Jr.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(7-B) Feb 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 3374
Abstract/Review/Citation: The inspiration for undertaking the current research
came from the Student Investigator's own experience of 19 years in recovery
from alcoholism. During his early years in graduate school, the Student
Investigator witnessed occasional misunderstandings among some academics and
helping professionals regarding the nature of alcoholism, and, specifically,
the tasks involved in sustaining enduring recovery from alcoholism. Thus, this
dissertation research, which has sought to examine, through qualitative
research methodology, the factors involved in achieving and sustaining quality
of life in extended recovery from alcoholism was undertaken.  Several authors
have noted the need for research which focuses on long-term recovery from
alcoholism (Amodeo, Kurtz, & Kutter, 1992; Cary, 1999). A literature
review revealed virtually no research which deals exclusively with quality of
life in long-term recovery from alcoholism. A number of areas of existing
alcoholism research were examined, however, which touch upon topics relevant
to quality recovery; these included the 'dry drunk syndrome' and relapse,
spirituality, and the roles of therapy and Alcoholics Anonymous.  In the
current research, phenomenologically-based qualitative methodology (Moustakas,
1994) was used. Eight participants were chosen from among male and female
members of Alcoholics Anonymous. Each participant had at least 10 years of
continuous sobriety. Each participant was interviewed twice; interviews were
tape-recorded. A semi-structured interview format was employed.
========================================

Title: Self-efficacy and spirituality in the recovery process from alcohol
dependence:  A paradox.
Author(s)/Editor(s): States, Julie Ann
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(7-B) Feb 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 3390
Abstract/Review/Citation: Literature in the field of addiction supports the
importance of self-efficacy and spirituality in the process of recovery from
addictive disorders. However, the research on self-efficacy and spirituality
among alcohol dependent individuals has not addressed the specific
relationship of these constructs throughout the recovery process. The current
study provides an exploration of self-efficacy and spirituality as they relate
to the recovery process from alcohol dependence. Data were collected from 81
adult (over age 18) clients who sought treatment at an outpatient drug and
alcohol agency. Each client met the criteria for alcohol dependence based on
DSM IV criteria, and was placed in one of four groups based on self-reported
level of recovery (no treatment-assumed to be actively using alcohol, recent
relapse, 3 months sobriety, and 6 months sobriety). The clients completed a
demographic data sheet, the Situational Confidence Questionnaire-39 (SCQ-39),
the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), and the Spiritual Involvement and
Beliefs Scale (SIBS). The results of this study suggest that self-efficacy and
spirituality are related in the recovery process from alcoholism. The
seemingly paradoxical relationship between these constructs can be explained
through an understanding of the multidimensionality of spirituality.
Self-efficacy was correlated with spirituality as it relates to one's
connectedness with others and the world (Existential Well-Being), as well as
one's involvement in spiritual actions/beliefs. In contrast, self-efficacy was
not related to spirituality as it relates to one's connectedness with God
(Religious Well-Being). Religious Well-Being may account for the seemingly
paradoxical relationship between self-efficacy and spirituality because it is
the only aspect of spirituality related to surrender of control. The results
also offer explanations for changes in self-efficacy and spirituality with
regard to length of recovery.  These findings have important implications for
providers of drug and alcohol treatment. By recognizing the relationship
between self-efficacy and spirituality, counselors can work to incorporate
these constructs into treatment. Counselors could enhance a person's
self-efficacy through the use of spiritually oriented interventions.
Counselors can expand on the traditional realm of spirituality in addiction
treatment (Higher Power) through the inclusion of existential forms of
spirituality (e.g. connectedness to self, others, and the world).
========================================

Title: The illusion of spiritual maturity: Defensiveness and self-reports of
spiritual maturity in seminary students.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Murray, William Fredrick
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(8-B) Mar 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 3838
Abstract/Review/Citation: Adapting Shedler, Mayman, and Manis's (1993) design
for the identification of illusory mental health, the present researchers used
the Early Memories Test (EMT; Mayman, 1968) and the Early Spiritual Memories
Test (ESMT; Lin, Simopoulos, Murray, & Edwards, 2000), along with the
self-report Spiritual Assessment Inventory (SAI; Hall & Edwards, 1996), to
classify 145 students from an Evangelical Christian seminary into three
groups: genuinely spiritually mature (high EMT/ESMT, high SAI), spiritually
distressed (low EMT/ESMT, low SAI), and those displaying illusory spiritual
maturity (low EMT/ESMT, high SAI). The groups were compared on measures of
defensiveness (L and K scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory-2 and the Impression Management scale of the SAI). It was
hypothesized that the illusory group would demonstrate more defensiveness than
either of the other groups and that defensiveness would correlate positively
with self-reports of spiritual maturity among participants with low EMT/ESMT
scores.  Findings provide limited support for the hypotheses. In 13 of 36
comparisons, the illusory group evidenced significantly higher levels of
defensive responding than the distressed group. Also 5 of 18 correlations
between defensiveness and self-report were significant in the predicted
direction.
========================================

Title: Body, soul, and role:  Toward a holistic approach to well-being in
organizations.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ostroff, Shelley Alisa
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(8-B) Mar 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 3836
Abstract/Review/Citation: Body, Soul, and Role: Toward a Holistic Understanding
of Well Being in Organizations is a multi-prism exploration of the mental,
emotional, physical, and spiritual processes that influence organizational
well-being. The dissertation revisits metaphors from group relations (a
psychoanalytic systemic approach), mind-body disciplines, and different
spiritual traditions, to work toward a new, integrative framework for thinking
about and promoting well-being at different levels of organizational life. The
group relations approach, based in psychoanalytic and system theories,
addresses conscious and unconscious attitudes, emotions, images, myths,
meaning formations, and behaviors in and of human systems as well as the
psychological mechanisms used by individuals and groups for coping with
anxiety. The mind-body prism provides new ways of looking at organizational
processes relating to the realization of individual and group thought into
physical form. It explores the possibilities inherent in concepts such as the
'system psyche-soma,' 'organizational dreambody,' 'energetic sources,' and
'blockages' and other metaphors drawn from mind-body disciplines to well-being
in organizations. A spiritual perspective complements these by providing an
evolutionary framework of meaning that focuses on cultivating inner potential
in the context of interconnectedness with and service to the larger
environment. It also provides fresh ways of confronting, managing,
transforming, and transcending pain conflict and dilemma at work. The applied
hermeneutic approach used here is based on the idea that any theory of
organizational well-being is but a useful metaphoric approximation of reality
that is steeped in more or less evocative context framed rhetoric. The study
uses these three complementary prisms to begin to create a holistic framework
of meaning which has practical applications within the contemporary context of
organizational development. By drawing on familiar metaphors from different
disciplines and exploring their significance in a new and integrative context,
the dissertation is intended to open a conceptual and applied work/play-ground
for generative thought and practice.*  *Originally published in DAI Vol. 62,
No. 5. Republished here with corrected author name.
========================================

Title: Ethnic identity exploration with incarcerated gang-involved adolescent
Latino males.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Brucato, Toni Lynn
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(8-B) Mar 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 3794
Abstract/Review/Citation: For minority adolescents in the United States,
developing a sense of identity includes an understanding of their ethnic
identity. Many Latino youth explore their ethnicity in a context of negative
biases about Latino culture, values, and traditions. This case study describes
group therapy with sixteen incarcerated gang-involved, Latino adolescent
males. The group gave members an opportunity to explore their ethnic identity.
The clinician hypothesized that cultural and ethnic pride would have a
positive impact on the youths' decision-making processes and lead to prosocial
behaviors.  Latino history, culture, and contributions to American society
were taught through a variety of methods. Interventions included didactic
presentations, films, bibliotherapy, invited guest speakers, and the
celebration of Latino, holidays. Culturally-relevant food, prayer cards, and
calendars depicting Latino art or containing historical facts were used as
rewards for the completion and submission of homework. Homework responses
revealed common themes and concerns such as racism discrimination, resilient
families, and enduring hardship. In addition, group members demonstrated great
interest in spirituality as a means to cope with hardship. Members became
highly motivated to earn rewards that held spiritual significance to Mexican
Catholics. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Quantitative data
on a subset of youth examined number of disciplinary reports, and their
consequences, and grade point average. Qualitative data consisted of summaries
of common themes found in student homework, personal essays that the youth
wrote regarding what they gleaned from the group, and the therapist's progress
notes. This case study demonstrates that gang-involved, incarcerated Latino
adolescents can become involved in group psychotherapy. Controlled studies
need to be conducted to determine if ethnic identity exploration leads to
greater involvement in school or work, a decrease in acting-out behaviors, or
a decrease in recidivism.
========================================

Title: Predictors of adjustment to HIV/AIDS:  The role of personal meaning
construction and spirituality in a stress and coping model.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Suzman-Schwartz, Katherine
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(8-B) Mar 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 3816
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial
factors that may be associated with reduced psychological distress and
improved quality of life in HIV infected men and women. This study
investigated the relationship between a positive sense of meaning in life,
spirituality, and psychosocial variables that have been previously shown to
influence positive adaptation to HIV. Specifically, the association between adjustment and illness severity, coping style, perceived social support,
optimism, meaning, and spirituality were examined in the context of a stress
and coping model. One hundred and four HIV-infected men and women with varying
stages of disease progression were recruited as volunteer participants in this
study. Findings revealed that of all of the psychosocial variables in the
model, a positive sense of meaning in life and fewer HIV related symptoms were
the two predictors that uniquely contributed to explaining reductions in
psychological distress. Similarly, the use of spirituality, a positive sense
of meaning in life, and fewer HIV related symptoms were the predictors that
accounted for unique and significant increments in the variance in predicting
a more positive quality of life. This study furthers our current understanding
of the role of spirituality and a sense of meaning in life as unique
psychosocial resources that may positively influence adjustment for those
living with HIV infection. Results from this investigation are discussed in
terms of their implications for future research and the development of
interventions aimed at promoting positive adaptation to HIV disease.
========================================

Title: The phenomenology of spiritual experience.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Cornish, Kim Ann
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(8-B) Mar 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 3846
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this study was to describe the
phenomenon of spiritual experience in the lives of contemporary persons. Using
phenomenological interview procedures, twelve participants were asked to
describe when they were aware of or felt spiritual. Results of the present
study indicate that spiritual experiences are located within the realm of
everyday human experience, involving the existential grounds of others, world,
body, and time. The present thematic descriptions are based on a rigorous
hermeneutical analysis of phenomenological interviews covering this topic
without a priori assumptions. Data were analyzed within the dialogic process
of a phenomenological research group in addition to the researcher's
individual work. The thematic structure derived from the data describes the
experiential themes of spirituality and their interrelationships.  Participant
narratives revealed that connection was the ground against which the each of
 the various themes emerged: around which they revolve and are interrelated.
The major themes emerging against this ground were: (1) awe and wonder, (2)
knowing, and (3) possibility.  Findings indicate that spiritual experiences
occur in the realm of human experience that Heidegger termed everydayness.
Such experiences are profoundly relational and are described in terms of
relationships with other people and the world around them. The majority of the
spiritual experiences described did not involve descriptions of transcendence
or God, suggesting that psychological analyses using such concepts have
adopted unnecessary theological presuppositions about spiritual experience. 
Contemporary spiritual experience is connection to other people and the world
that evokes a sense of awe and wonder that is powerful and peaceful, engenders
awareness that brings about knowing that is not arrived at by cognitive means
and cannot be adequately described by language. These experiences provide
possibilities for persons to be open to new ideas and ways of behavior, and
permits them to make significant changes in their lives. As such the results
have something significant to tell the clinical psychologist about the
importance of spiritual experience as therapeutic and potentially curative.
========================================

Title: Religious education at the margins:  Nurturing hope among women.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Jocksch, Gertrude Ann
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(9-A) Apr 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3004
Abstract/Review/Citation: This action in ministry submitted for the Doctor of
Ministry explores the experience of hope in the lives of women who live with
mental illness. I began this research project confident that Christianity is a
faith tradition that supports and fosters hope and wholeness among people.
Using the theoretical foundations of adult religious educators and the
insights of Christian feminist liberation theologians, I facilitated a
spirituality gathering of women at  Our Place, Community of Hope. I chose to
use Christian feminist theologians because these women have influenced my life
profoundly, nurturing my hope and giving me courage to own my place in church
and society. My greatest desire for the women who gathered together was that
they develop a deepening sense of hope as they learn of a God who loves them
unconditionally. In my research, I wanted to learn about the experience of
hope in women who participated in the women's spirituality gatherings as well
as to determine if their hope was nurtured by these gatherings. To do this I
used the question: How does adult education nurture hope among women at Our
 Place.  The findings of this research illuminates the fact that hope lies deep
within the consciousness of these women and that the women's spirituality
gathering played a momentous role in nurturing their hope.
========================================

Title: An examination of the relationship between a client's stage of homosexual
identity formation and perception of counselor attractiveness, expertness, and
trustworthiness.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Beeler, Linda Mary
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(9-A) Apr 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 2977
Abstract/Review/Citation: Homosexual identity formation is an important area for
professional counseling. One purpose of the current study was to determine if
a gay or lesbian client's stage of homosexual identity formation influenced
the ratings one gave to his or her therapist. The study also examined the
relationship between one's stage of identity development and the presenting
issue in therapy. Finally, the study hypothesized that those in the middle
stages of homosexual identity formation would spend more time in therapy
sessions discussing issues of sexual orientation or sexual identity.
Requirements for participation included identification as gay or lesbian, and
either currently seeking, or have sought within the last five years,
counseling services. The author surveyed 129 gays and lesbians in Colorado,
with a mean age of 35. The 81 lesbians and 48 gay men completed a demographic
questionnaire, a Stage Allocation Measure for when they began counseling, the
Counselor Rating Form, and a Stage Allocation Measure to indicate where they
believed they were currently. The author utilized several independent 
t-tests, one-way ANOVAs with trend analysis, and a Chi-square test of
independence to analyze the data. The results indicated that there did not
appear to be any significant difference between the six stages with regard to
time spent discussing issues of sexual orientation. Additionally, the data
analysis revealed that those clients who knew their counselor was homosexual,
rated them significantly higher on the attractiveness and expertness
dimensions of the Counselor Rating Form, than those clients who indicated
their counselor was heterosexual, bisexual, or unknown. Finally, the author
did not find a significant difference between the six stages with regard to
the presenting issue in counseling. However, a posthoc analysis did reveal a
significant relationship between gender and presenting issue.  Future research
would benefit from addressing additional variables not included in this study.
Those variables with potential impact on therapeutic experiences include one's
sense of spirituality or religion, one's relationship status and quality, and
one's familial support. Additionally future studies might begin to examine the
movement between, and within, stages. Finally, it would be prudent to update
the current models which detail homosexual identity formation to include
terminology and concepts relevant today.
========================================

Title: Sisters-to-sisters: Bridging the gap between Christian spirituality,
Afrocentricity, and psychology.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Campbell-Burden, Bernadine Mavis
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(9-A) Apr 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3072
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this qualitative study was to assess
the attitudes of the Sisters-to-Sisters' Support Group members toward the use
of counseling services, including group work, especially within the context of
an African American church. All interviewees participated in the
Sisters-to-Sisters' Groups held from June 21-July 27, 1999. All group members
were African American women, and from 25 years old to 60 years old. They were
all members of the same church. This study also examined the role of the
African American church in the lives of the women who participated in the
six-week Sisters-to-Sisters' group. I explored how the participants defined
spirituality, Afrocentricity and psychology and how these factors were a part
of their own church experience. This exploration helped to provide a
foundation to understand what purposes have been served by attending a
church-based support group for African American women. The last portion of the
study investigated if the women's group experience changed the participants'
view or attitudes toward psychologists, mental health professionals, and their
services. Finally, the women were invited to share how the group's integration
of spirituality, Afrocentricity and psychology enhanced their lives.  For this
qualitative study, a semi-structured interview format was used to collect the
data. Twelve of the sixteen participants were interviewed and each interview
was transcribed verbatim. I used the constant comparative method of data
analysis for this study was explored, in order to capture the themes as they
emerged and as the related to the research question.  The results suggested
that spirituality was the solid foundation for each of the members. Their
faith in God was the catalyst for their belief that anything was possible
through Christ. This awareness, often shown within the context of their church
involvement, was transferred into their expectations of the
Sisters-to-Sisters' group. The Kwanzaa principles that were discussed in the
group placed labels on their cultural identity as African American women and
as members of their community. These principles also captured their combined
inherent strength, combined abilities and experiences, sense of empowerment,
and sense of sisterhood, that allowed the members to face the obstacles that
tended to impede their growth. Psychology, through group therapy and
psycho-spiritual approaches, provided each woman with the tools to carry out
their goals. This ultimately enhanced their lives.  Finally, the analyses
revealed that all of the participants would be very selective about the mental
health professional that they will work with in the future. Spirituality
seemed to be the defining characteristic for counselor selection. All of the
participants, particularly the ones who received counseling before the
Sisters-to-Sisters' group would prefer an African American female
psychologist, who was a Christian for counseling. If this selection were not
available, they would seek out a Christian psychologist regardless of their
ethnicity or gender.
========================================

Title: Foundations of an autobiographical narrative process of spiritual
formation appraisal.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Vandergrift, Joseph M.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(9-A) Apr 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3004
Abstract/Review/Citation: Statement of the problem. This dissertation has been
undertaken to research and develop an 'open source' for constructing methods
of qualitative formation interviews and assessments, augmenting or providing
an alternative to solely quantitative assessment methods. Description of the
procedure. The 'Autobiographical Appraisal of Psychospiritual Formation' is a
qualitative human scientific narrative process. It is constructed as an
alternative to standardized natural scientific methods of human assessment,
but can also be used as a compatible preliminary interview process to
standardized assessments. It is intended to provide a personal and respectful
yet scientifically grounded approach for evoking peoples' retelling of their
life stories. It can be useful for appraising people's dispositions and
personally transformative experiences (e.g., inspired moments). It is intended
to be an dialogal-style interview method, used to foster reformative and
transformative shifts in peoples' experiencing of inner consonance, and
development of the distinctively human values of care and compassion. Results
and conclusions. This tool has been used to interview dozens of adult
participants of widely diverse personal characteristics, ages and backgrounds.
It has provided significant benefit to autobiographers' attempts to more fully
attend to and apprehend the formative wealth available to them in their life
successes and struggles. Through enhanced awareness of their resulting
dispositions, people may appraise the wisdom of their life choices and actions
more clearly and sharply, affirm the reformative and transformative
inspiration they have experienced, and be motivated to apply their inspired
gifts in care and compassion.
========================================

Title: Tell me a story:  An experiment in narrative multiple intelligence
Christian education for children.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Weaver, James Thomas Jr.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(9-A) Apr 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3076
Abstract/Review/Citation: This project was designed to address the fact that
First United Methodist Church of Mount Olive, North Carolina, a typical small
town, main street, main-line denominational church with a historically strong,
well attended Sunday School ministry for children, had experienced a decline
in attendance among both children and young adults. The objectives of the
project were to address the need for spiritual formation/Christian education
among the children of the church and develop a Sunday School ministry of such
caliber that it would surface on the community grapevine and attract other
children and young adults to the church.  A new Sunday School ministry,
following the Workshop Rotation Model (WoRM), was developed. This project
consisted of: (1) developing two Workshop/Training events designed to teach
adults about WORM and the theory of multiple intelligences, (2) planning and
implementing two WORM rotations, and (3) conducting four evaluation sessions.
This evaluation was accomplished through personal interviews, by the use of a
twelve question questionnaire (with answers rated on a 1 to 5 scale), by the
evaluation of the Project Committee and the candidate himself, and by tracking
 

the children's attendance at Sunday School. The theoretical basis for this
project were narrative theology and Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple
Intelligences.  The project resulted in better interaction between children
and adults in the congregation, more enthusiasm (by children and adults) for
Sunday School, and increased Sunday School attendance. Understanding of Bible
Stories was improved and interest in Bible Stories was increased. After the
project, teachers and leaders felt better prepared and the number of teachers
involved in children's Sunday School increased six fold. The result of this
project was the creation of a whole new paradigm of Children's Sunday School
at First United Methodist Church.
========================================

Title: Loneliness, depression, social support, marital satisfaction and
spirituality as experienced by the Southern Baptist clergy wife.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Brackin, Lena Anne
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(9-B) Apr 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4270
Abstract/Review/Citation: This was an exploratory study that investigated
loneliness, depression, social support, marital satisfaction, and spiritual
well-being among clergy wives to examine the levels of these variables present
in the lives of these highly stressed women. A questionnaire was sent to 785
wives of ministers ordained and working in the Southern Baptist Convention
(SBC) in Arizona, Florida, Ohio, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Scales of
measurement included the UCLA Loneliness Scale, an adapted Relational
Assessment Scale (RAS), a six item segment of the Social Support Questionnaire
(SSQ), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Spiritual Well-Being
Scale (SWB), and a qualitatively coded statement asking for a recent
loneliness experience. The scales were preceded by a short demographic section
that included a Likert-type rating of the difficulty of the wife's role as
clergy wife and of the husband's role as a minister.  Results indicate that
clergy wives exhibit higher levels of loneliness than would be expected among
happily married women. Overall, they have relatively small social networks,
but claim to be highly satisfied with them, a counterintuitive finding.
Depression levels for this group are no higher than those found in the general
population. As expected, the wives exhibit high levels of spiritual
well-being. These variables are highly correlated. A multiple regression
analysis produced a model composed of depression, social support network
number, social support satisfaction, spiritual well-being, and marital
satisfaction that explains 53% of the variance in loneliness, although the
last two variables explain only 1% additional variance above and beyond the
first three.  The findings are congruent with nonscientific and anecdotal
evidence that indicate loneliness to be a problem for clergy wives while
marital dissatisfaction and depression are rare. The qualitative data support
the distinctions of Weiss (1973) that there are two major types of loneliness,
emotional and social loneliness. The findings also indicate that loneliness
and marital satisfaction do not always co-occur, that loneliness and
depression do not always co-occur, that social support satisfaction may not
always be interpreted identically by participants and social scientists, and
that spiritual well-being should be studied further.
========================================

Title: The relationship among religious coping, spiritual well-being, and
quality of life in veteran psychiatric patients.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lyn, Michelle Marie King
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(9-B) Apr 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4225
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study is based on previous research indicating
that religion and spirituality are related to high psychological well-being.
The current study examines the relationship among religious coping, spiritual
well-being, and quality of life in veteran psychiatric patients (N = 128).
Data were collected in individual and small group settings in three Veterans
Affairs mental health clinics in a southeastern rural area. The purpose of
this study was to (a) examine differences and determine relationships among
religious coping, spiritual well being, and quality of life for African
American and European American veteran psychiatric patients; and (b) assess
the degree to which specific participant demographic characteristics predict
religious coping, spiritual well-being, and quality of life.  Data analyses
included multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), bivariate correlations,
and standard multiple regression. Results of the MANOVAs indicated that
African Americans were significantly higher than European Americans in
positive religious coping. Moderate to high correlations were found among all
of the religious coping scales, spiritual well-being scales, and quality of
life. Negative religious coping was negatively and significantly related to
quality of life and spiritual well-being.  Demographic predictors for
religious coping were age, frequent religious service attendance, being
African American (positive religious coping only), having a DSM-IV diagnosis
other than a mood disorder, and being affiliated with a Protestant
denomination. Younger and Catholic veterans were more likely to utilize
negative religious coping. Veterans who were older, attended religious
services frequently, and affiliated with Protestant denominations were also
more likely to have high spiritual well-being. The demographic predictors for
QOL were older age, being male, and having higher income.  The results of this
study indicate that veteran psychiatric patients were higher in religious
coping and spiritual well being; and lower in quality of life than the general
public. Therefore veteran psychiatric patients might be receptive to and
benefit from the exploration of religious coping and spirituality in therapy.
Clinicians could explore these issues in the live of veterans and recognize
the influence of positive vs. negative religious coping on quality of life and
spiritual well-being. Additional implications for practice, education and
training, and future research are discussed.
========================================

Title: The effects of including a spiritual intervention in the C. E. Hill
cognitive-experiential model of dream interpretation.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Davis, Timothy Leland
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(9-B) Apr 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4214
Abstract/Review/Citation: Despite some encouraging evidence on the clinical use
of dream interpretation, only 10-15 percent of therapists work with dreams.
Also, despite a consistent link between healthy spirituality and psychological
well-being, only approximately one third of clinicians expressed personal
competence in counseling clients regarding religious issues and matters of
spirituality. Although the incidence of using clients' spiritual beliefs
within clinical dream interpretation is low, such an integrated approach has
the potential to be a therapeutically rich experience. The objective of this
research was to measure any therapeutic benefit of integrating dream
interpretation and spiritual exploration in the context of psychotherapy.
Sixty-four volunteer clients (all of whom were recruited from churches or
considered themselves to be somewhat spiritual) were randomly assigned to one
of two conditions: either two sessions of standard dream interpretation (in
which therapists worked to help clients understand their dreams from the
perspective of their current waking life) or two sessions of spiritual dream
interpretation (in which therapists worked to help clients understand their
dreams from the perspective of their spiritual beliefs and values). Clients in
both conditions increased general insight into their dreams and rated their
sessions very favorably. However, clients in the spiritual condition
experienced greater increases in spiritual insight into their dreams and
experienced greater increases in existential well-being (pre-to-post and
pre-to-one-month follow-up) than clients in the standard condition. The data
indicate that helping spiritually oriented clients use their spiritual beliefs
to explore and understand their dreams may be more therapeutically beneficial
than non-spiritual approaches to dream work. The results speak to the benefits
of incorporating clients' spirituality in psychotherapeutic treatment.
========================================

Title: Wisdom:  A positive aspect of aging.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ambrosius, Michiyo
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(9-B) Apr 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4251
Abstract/Review/Citation: Wisdom is a highly complex and elusive subject that
has been largely neglected in the field of psychology, but recently the study
of wisdom has been gaining the attention of a growing number of psychologists
due to paradigm changes within the field. Living in a highly technological and
industrialized society, we are asking more questions about human qualities,
human values, and human potentials. This is certainly of philosophical
interest, but more importantly, we are looking into practical issues-how do we
want to age, how can our aging be a positive experience, and how can wisdom be
achieved. Thus, this study explores these questions: What is the role of
wisdom in attaining well being in human life? How can wisdom be attained? 
This study approaches these questions theoretically, using a hermeneutic and
heuristic method. Historical, philosophical, theological, and mythological
changes regarding our attitudes toward wisdom are reviewed to acquire a
general view of wisdom. Recent studies on psychological aspects of wisdom are
also examined to gain insight into how wisdom is interpreted by contemporary
culture. In order to gain an understanding of how wisdom may develop in a
person, I have described my own experience involving midlife crisis and the
grief process. I have also interviewed five persons who appear to be actively
engaged in attaining wisdom and gained new insights through the descriptions
of their life experiences. In addition, I have looked into the involvement of
suffering, will, volition, and Eastern and Western spirituality in
relationship to the development of wisdom.  It is my conclusion that the
development of wisdom requires the combination of suffering/grief work, will,
numinous or mystical experience, and discovery and integration of different
layers of our selves, including our body, mind, soul, and spirit. Among
various ways of achieving this end, working through of our midlife crisis,
grief processes, and integration processes with the assistance of an effective
psychotherapist are discussed as a possible path leading to the attainment of
wisdom.
========================================

Title: Addressing spirituality within a mental health agency: A case study.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Coleman, Laurie Elena
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(9-B) Apr 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4214
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this study was to address how a mental
health agency in which spirituality was not identified as a primary concern
began to address this issue with clients. As it has been demonstrated,
spirituality plays a vital role in mental health and is an area historically
neglected within mental health agencies. The study explored the attitudes,
values, and associations held by mental health professionals and agency
administration regarding spirituality. It reviewed how these factors influence
the individual's comfort level in addressing spirituality, the obstacles that
have had to be overcome or that are still impeding the successful of
incorporating spirituality.  The study was conducted utilizing qualitative
research interviews as the basis of methodology. The research format utilized
is a case study and explores the perspectives, experiences, and changes
related to spirituality with a sample of individuals involved with the mental
health agency. Information was gathered through interviews with eight (8)
subjects. It captures the individual's perspectives, as well as the group's
(agency's) evolution over the past 5 years. The results of this case study
indicate that agency staff and administration identify spirituality as being
important. Despite this, there continues to be a discrepancy regarding the
amount of emphasis placed upon addressing spirituality. A number of issues and
obstacles must be addressed in order for this and other agencies to pursue and
improve upon the incorporation of spirituality.  Some of the major obstacles
identified require agency staff to be given the support, permission, and
training to address spirituality adequately with clients. Therefore
educational institutions must increase the incorporation of spirituality into
the curriculum of training and workshops for mental health professionals. Due
to the significance of spirituality and the resulting psychological impact, it
is indicated that failing to address spiritual aspects of the individual
results in the neglect of an essential human element. Spirituality has been
identified as having specific impact on areas of personal development,
psychological growth, sense life meaning, coping, interactions, thoughts, and
behavior. The consequence of neglecting the spiritual component has a converse
effect on these as well as other areas.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and recovery from pathological gambling.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Walsh, James Michael
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(9-B) Apr 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4241
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of
spirituality and personality in recovery from pathological gambling. A
secondary purpose of this study was to examine gender-based differences
between pathological gamblers. A sample of pathological gamblers from Gamblers
Anonymous and a variety of treatment programs (N = 100) participated in the
study. Pathological gamblers were assessed using the NEO PI-R (Costa &
McCrae, 1992), a measure of the five-factor model of personality, the
Spiritual Transcendence Scale (Piedmont, 1999), a measure of spiritual aspects
of the individual that are independent of the five-factor model of
personality, two measures of subjective well-being, the Satisfaction with Life
Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larson, & Griffin, 1985) and the Affect Balance
Scale (Bradburn, 1969), and a demographic questionnaire designed by the
researcher. Spiritual transcendence and religious experiences predicted
subjective well-being and length of abstinence from gambling. Gender-based
differences emerged regarding gambling behavior milestones and gambling game
preferences. The results of this study supported the suitability of pastoral
counseling for the treatment of pathological gamblers and that future research
should examine the utility of spiritual and religious constructs in the
treatment of pathological gambling.
========================================

Title: The experience of emergent spirituality in addiction recovery: A
phenomenological investigation.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Moten-Solomon, Rose Renee
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(9-B) Apr 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4255
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study was intended to contribute to the growing
body of knowledge that explores the role of spirituality in addiction
recovery. This phenomenological investigation was not intended to prove or
disprove a preexisting hypothesis, nor to ascertain correlations between or
among variables or to manipulate the research setting of subjects. The
research was intended to illicit a rich, textural description and generate
insight into this phenomenon. Six individuals, 3 women and 3 men, who
attribute spirituality to their recovery and maintained sobriety, participated
as co-researchers (subjects) in this study. Individuals were administered the
Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) to assess spiritual perception. All
co-researchers resided in the urban Metropolitan-Detroit area. Age ranged from
early 30's to mid 50's. Years of recovery ranged from 5 to over 20. Ethnic
makeup was 5 African-Americans and 1 Caucasian. Interview questions were
open-ended and interviews ranged from 1-1 hours in length. The data were
analyzed in terms of the common characteristics and themes which emerged from
the co-researcher's responses to the focused area of this study. These themes
were analyzed using a phenomenological model. Findings suggest that the
individuals interviewed possessed an array of common feelings and perceptions
in addiction, including a sense of lacking and disconnectedness, and
commonalities in their subsequent spiritually driven recovery, such as a sense
of purpose, awareness and social responsibility. Based on the experiences
shared, the incorporation of spirituality is not immediate, but is
characterized by an evolutionary emergence that is gradual and leads to
progressive change and development. These findings suggest that spirituality
in addiction recovery is an emerging process that encompasses elusive,
coincidental, and impulsive forms. Implications in the present study suggest
that inclusion of spiritual components in recovery may be more of a predictor
of a successful recovery and sustained abstinence than specific treatment
programs. Spiritual engagement or re-engagement appears to be correlated with
recovery.
========================================

Title: Acculturation, spirituality, and life satisfaction among first- and
second-generation orthodox and protestant Greek-Americans.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Athans, Tesi-Ellen
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(9-B) Apr 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4207
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study investigated the relations between
acculturation, spirituality, and life satisfaction among first and second
generation Greek Orthodox and Protestant Greek-Americans. Seventy-seven male
and female participants completed the Greek American Acculturation Scale
(GAAS), the Spiritual Transcendence Index (STI), the Satisfaction With Life
Scale (SWLS), and a demographics questionnaire. It was  hypothesized that
participants who ascribed to the bicultural mode of acculturation would score
higher on life satisfaction than those with traditional or assimilated
orientations, that second generation Greek-Americans would score as less
traditional than first generation participants, and that scores on the
spirituality measure would correlate positively with life satisfaction. It was
further hypothesized that Greek Orthodox participants would be more
traditional than the Greek Protestants, and that Greek Protestants would score
higher than the Greek Orthodox on the STI. Results did not support the
hypothesis that the bicultural mode of acculturation was related to life
satisfaction. A trend was noted between spirituality and life satisfaction,
although significance was not attained. First generation participants were
significantly more traditional than second generation participants (p <
.001), the Greek Orthodox were more traditional than the Greek Protestants (p
< .001), and the Greek Protestants scored higher on the STI than did the
Greek Orthodox (p < .002).
========================================

Title: Examining differences in issues of spirituality between couples with
children and voluntarily childless couples.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Broneck, Cheryl Lynn
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(9-B) Apr 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4211
Abstract/Review/Citation: The demographics of the United States are rapidly
changing and the traditional nuclear family is no longer considered the norm.
Alternative families such as single parents, multi generational families,
bi-racial families, nonmarital cohabitation, step families, and gay families
are only some of the newly acknowledged family structures emerging. In the
1970s and 1980s the decision to remain voluntarily childless by choice was
also seen as an alternative family structure and was researched.
Unfortunately, this population is rarely examined today though projections
indicate that due to a variety of factors they will probably continue to
increase in number. One consistent finding in the research of voluntarily
childless couples is their lower scores on measures of religiosity, compared
to couples with children. However, the related construct of spirituality,
which is rapidly gaining acceptance within the field of psychology, has never
been considered as a variable in relationship to the choice to have or not
have children.  This study examined the construct of spirituality in couples
with children and voluntarily childless couples. A demographic sheet and the
Index of Core Spiritual Experiences (INSPIRIT) were used to explore the
spirituality between these two populations. Participants were required to be
married adults and they were solicited through the Internet in both chat rooms
and on several posting boards. Information was sent via email and the
overwhelming majority responded through the same medium. SPSS was used to
analyze the data and analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and cross-tab analyses were
conducted.  Results indicate that there was a significant difference in
religiosity scores between the two groups, supporting previous research.
Interestingly, there was no difference between the two groups on total
INSPIRIT scores, although the couples with children did score higher on

several experiential scores than the voluntarily childless couples. This study
also discussed possible ways to integrate these findings into training
programs emphasizing the importance of incorporating spirituality into the
conceptualization of people.
========================================

Title: A multidisciplinary model of health promotion incorporating spirituality
into a successful aging intervention with African American and White elderly
groups.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Parker, Michael W.; Bellis, Jeffrey M.; Bishop, Phillip; Harper, Mary; Allman, Richard M.; Moore, Cynthia; Thompson, Paula
Author Affiliation: U Alabama, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, US U
Alabama, Dept of Education, Tucaloosa, AL, US U Alabama, Tucaloosa, AL, US U
Alabama, Div of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Birmingham, AL, US U
Montevalla, AL, US Samford U, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL, US
Source/Citation: Gerontologist; Vol 42(3) Jun 2002, US: Gerontological Society
of America; 2002, 406-415
Abstract/Review/Citation: A community and faith-based intervention with elderly
persons and their adult children involving religious, medical, and academic
communities is described. Lifestyle changes and individual and corporate forms
of spirituality were affirmed using an expanded Rowe and Kahn model of
successful aging. Faculty from academic, medical, state, and religious
institutions presented a variety of workshops at a multichurch-sponsored
conference that hosted over 500 seniors. Results revealed that postconference
surveys suggested extremely favorable satisfaction rates across all groups
represented. The African American religious community provided critical
leadership in achieving an excellent African American participation rate. The
model described has the capacity to generate collaborations across
denominational, racial, and class barriers, and has the potential of helping
to unify the religious community around the important task of promoting
successful aging.
========================================

Title: The 'what', 'why' and 'how' of spirituality in the workplace.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Krishnakumar, Sukumarakurup; Neck, Christopher P.
Author Affiliation: Virginia Tech, Pamplin Coll of Business, Dept of Management,
Blacksburg, VA, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Managerial Psychology; Vol 17(3) 2002, England: MCB
Univ Press; 2002, 153-164
Abstract/Review/Citation: While the attention to workplace spirituality is
growing, there is debate as to what exactly this term "spirituality"
means. There seem to be multiple views of workplace spirituality. It could be
argued that there are different definitions for the meaning of
"spirituality" due to the very strong personal nature of the word
itself. The authors argue that this multiple view of spirituality is a
positive thing for organizations if managers attempt to understand differing
spiritual views and also encourage all views within an organization. This
paper summarizes the different perspectives of spirituality, discusses the
benefits of encouraging spirituality within organizations, and examines
different perspectives of implementing a spirituality-based culture within firms.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and leadership praxis.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Korac-Kakabadse, Nada; Kouzmin, Alexander; Kakabadse, Andrew
Author Affiliation: Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield, United Kingdom
Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield, United Kingdom
Source/Citation: Journal of Managerial Psychology; Vol 17(3) 2002, England: MCB
Univ Press; 2002, 165-182
Abstract/Review/Citation: The authors believe that spirituality is a neglected
dimension in the leadership issue as it is in the psychological contract
implicit in work organizations. Traditionally rooted in religion, there are
wider spiritualities that the organizational actor can draw upon and a
burgeoning literature on personal meaning and transformative leadership. This
paper reviews leadership praxis from the frames of wider spiritualities, links
spirituality search with contemporary managerialist practices and surveys the
breadth of, and commonalities within, varied philosophic positions with regard
to the spiritual search.
========================================

Title: Coming out of the closet: Negotiating spiritual expression in the
workplace.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lips-Wiersma, Marjolein; Mills, Colleen
Author Affiliation: U Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Source/Citation: Journal of Managerial Psychology; Vol 17(3) 2002, England: MCB
Univ Press; 2002, 183-202
Abstract/Review/Citation: Current spirit at work literature often assumes
spirituality needs to be introduced to the workplace. This paper offers an
additional perspective, arguing that spirituality is already present, as many
individuals have spiritual beliefs but struggle to articulate or enact these
beliefs at work. Exploratory narrative research revealed frequent references
to a lack of safety in expressing spirituality at work. The question focused
upon is why and how do individuals silence their spiritual expression? This
paper explores this question and presents a model that captures the ongoing
experiential nature of spirituality and proposes that decisions about
spiritual expression in the workplace are complex meshes of stimulus,
decision-making and action cycles that are embedded in the individual's
sensemaking, interpersonal relationships and group dynamics. Findings are
explained through different theoretical lenses such as diversity management,
social identity theory, social penetration theory and affective sensemaking
theory.
========================================

Title: Linking emotional intelligence, spirituality and workplace performance:
Definitions, models and ideas for research.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tischler, Len; Biberman, Jerry; McKeage, Robert
Author Affiliation: U Scranton, Kantia School of Management, Scranton, PA, US U
Scranton, Kantia School of Management, Scranton, PA, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Managerial Psychology; Vol 17(3) 2002, England: MCB
Univ Press; 2002, 203-218
Abstract/Review/Citation: Despite a reluctance on the part of organizational
researchers to deal with the subjects of emotions or spirituality, recent
researchers have begun to argue for the importance of exploring their
relationship to workplace performance. Recent research, for example, has shown
a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and workplace success.
Similarly, it appears that spirituality is related to workplace performance or
effectiveness. This paper explores the impacts of emotional intelligence and
spirituality on workplace effectiveness, discusses several theoretical models
examining possible linkages among these variables, and presents several ideas
for future research deriving from the models.
========================================

Title: 'The Rule of Benedict' and its relevance to the world of work.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tredget, Dermot
Source/Citation: Journal of Managerial Psychology; Vol 17(3) 2002, England: MCB
Univ Press; 2002, 219-229
Abstract/Review/Citation: The Rule of Benedict is over 1,500 years old. The
author discusses what relevance the rule has to the modern world of work
despite its antiquity. When Benedict complied his rule he envisaged a
spiritual community, cut off from the world, that would pray, work and be
economically sustainable. He had little idea that this "little rule for
beginners" would become one of the most important documents in Western
civilization. Neither did he realize that he was laying the foundations for
one of the oldest multi-national organizations in existence today. This paper
examines what has kept this spiritual "global community" alive.
========================================

Title: A spiritual perspective on learning in the workplace.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Howard, Sue
Source/Citation: Journal of Managerial Psychology; Vol 17(3) 2002, England: MCB
Univ Press; 2002, 230-242
Abstract/Review/Citation: The growing focus on learning as being key to
organizational success has raised the level of debate among practitioners and
academics alike as to just what learning is. Consideration of spiritual
ideologies offers the opportunity to reflect upon such areas as: complexity
and connectivity, the meaning and purpose of work, individual identity and
sensemaking, community and collaborative behavior, dialogue, moral leadership
and wisdom. Our spiritual capacity provides a deep foundation from which to
explore and question our ontological assumptions. This paper locates the
position of spirituality in the learning debate; examines the relationship
between who we are, our being, with what we do, our doing; and implies that
organizational performance can be improved by attendance to the spiritual
richness of humanity.
========================================

Title: Occupation in stressful times.
Author(s)/Editor(s): McColl, Mary Ann
Source/Citation: American Journal of Occupational Therapy; Vol 56(3) May-Jun
2002, US: American Occupational Therapy Assn; 2002, 350-353
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article explores how occupation exerts its
powerful effect on health and well-being. Seven ways that occupation provides
a bridge to health in difficult times are considered: survival, diversion,
mastery, habit, support, identity, and spiritual connection.
========================================

Title: Buddhism and acceptance and commitment therapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hayes, Steven C.
Source/Citation: Cognitive & Behavioral Practice; Vol 9(1) Win 2002, US:
Assn for Advancement of Behavior Therapy; 2002, 58-66
Abstract/Review/Citation: The philosophy, basic theory, applied theory, and
technology of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) are briefly described.
Several issues relevant to Buddhist teachings--the ubiquity of human suffering
the role of attachment in suffering mindfulness, wholesome actions, and
self--are examined in relation to ACT. In each case there are clear parallels.
Given that a major focus in the development of ACT has been on the
identification of basic behavioral processes that make sense of acceptance and
defusion-based treatments, these parallels suggest that the basic account may
also provide a scientific grounding within the behavioral tradition for a
range of Buddhist concepts and practices.
========================================

Title: 2001 invited address: Parapsychology and transpersonal psychology:
"Anomalies" to be explained away or spirit to manifest?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tart, Charles T.
Source/Citation: Journal of Parapsychology; Vol 66(1) Mar 2002, US: Journal of
Parapsychology; 2002, 31-47
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses transpersonal psychological aspects of
parapsychology. The term "spiritual" is controversial for
parapsychologists and for most scientists in general. Within transpersonal
psychology, parapsychology is a narrower, technical interest. Parapsychology
is relevant to the conflicting world views of the spiritual, materialistic,
and scientist orientations regarding: (1) the nature of reality; (2)
connection, morality, and relationship; (3) meaning; (4) love; and (5) death.
As a field, parapsychology could become more spiritually/transpersonally
relevant through: (1) increased emphasis on the effect of prayer and psychic
healing on illness; (2) examining how and what parts of transpersonal
psychology work; (3) becoming more involved in near-death experience research;
and (4) undertaking survival research.
========================================

Title: Depression and anxiety in Roman Catholic secular clergy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Knox, Sarah; Virginia, Stephen G.; Lombardo, John P.
Author Affiliation: Tribunal of Roman Catholic Diocese, Columbus, OH, US
Marquette U, Dept of Counseling & Educational Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, US
Source/Citation: Pastoral Psychology; Vol 50(5) May 2002, US: Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002, 345-358
Abstract/Review/Citation: 262 Roman Catholic secular priests (mean age 50.13
yrs) were investigated using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression
scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y. Additionally, a
self-report inventory requested information regarding Ss' demographics as well s 4 categories of predictor variables (i.e., vocational satisfaction, social
support, spiritual activities, physical environment) potentially associated
with depression and anxiety. Secular clergy reported significantly greater
depression and anxiety (both state and trait) than were reported in the
general population. Low vocational satisfaction was found to be predictive of
depression as well as both state and trait anxiety. Additionally, low social
support was found to be predictive of state and trait anxiety. When the
significant predictor variables were conceptually collapsed, it appeared that
both people and place were significantly related to Roman Catholic secular
priests' experience of depression and anxiety.
========================================

Title: The spirituality of academic physicians: An ethnography of a
Scripture-based group in an academic medical center.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Messikomer, Carla M.; De Craemer, Willy
Source/Citation: Academic Medicine; Vol 77(6) Jun 2002, US: Assn of American
Medical Colleges; 2002, 562-573
Abstract/Review/Citation: Whether acknowledged or not, spirituality is part of
the human condition of physicians as well as patients, and of the distinctive
work that doctors do. This paper presents a first-hand sociological account of
a group of 20 academic physicians in a large, urban, East Coast academic
medical center who met weekly to study theological concepts drawn from
Christian Scripture. The principal method of inquiry was participant
observation over the course of an academic year. In analyzing the
"talk" and interaction that took place among them, the authors
observed not only some of the implicit tensions between medicine, religion,
and spirituality but also the complementarity between them. While the group's
explicit purpose was to foster spiritual growth and connectedness, it also
provided a venue in which members dealt openly with problems of uncertainty
and meaning that the practice of medicine inevitably raises; with the meaning
of physicianhood, given the growing corporatization of medicine; with an
opportunity to engage in "worried consultation" with their
spiritual-medical colleagues about their mutual patients; and to underscore
for each other their dismay about the absence of spirituality in medicine and
their belief about its importance.
========================================

Title: A systematic review of research on religion in six primary marriage and
family journals: 1995-1999.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Weaver, Andrew J.; Samford, Judith A.; Morgan, Virginia J.; Larson, David B.; Koenig, Harold G.; Flannelly, Kevin J.
Author Affiliation: Hawaii State Hosp, Kaneohe, HI, US The Wright Inst, Graduate
School of Psychology, Berkeley, CA, US International Ctr for the Integration
of Health & Spirituality, Rockville, MD, US Duke U Medical Ctr, Ctr for
the Study of Religion/Spirtuality & Health, Durham, NC, US The HealthCare
Chaplaincy, New York, NY, US
Source/Citation: American Journal of Family Therapy; Vol 30(4) Jul-Sep 2002, US:
Brunner/Mazel; 2002, 293-309
Abstract/Review/Citation: This review of quantitative research studies published
between 1995 and 1999 in six major marriage and family academic journals
reveals that 13.2% of them included a measure of religion. This percentage is
higher than that found in previous reviews of empirical research in
psychological and psychiatric journals, suggesting that marriage and family
research journals are more sensitive to the role of religious factors than are
those in related disciplines. The results of the review are discussed in the
context of the marriage and family research and in comparison to related
disciplines.
========================================

Title: Counseling employees:  A multifaceted approach.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sandhu, Daya Singh
Source/Citation: Alexandria, VA, US: American Counseling Association; 2002,
(xxx, 377)
Abstract/Review/Citation: In this book, leading authors in the career and
employment counseling fields examine myriad issues affecting our nation's
workforce. Topics include job satisfaction; worker productivity; spirituality
in the workplace; career counseling; retirement counseling; developing,
implementing, and evaluating Employee Assistance Programs; managing workplace
stress and violence; alcohol and drug abuse; and the special concerns of
ethnic minorities, people with disabilities, and gay, lesbian, and bisexual
people. The book includes many practical suggestions to enrich employee
relationships, counter negativity in the workplace, and facilitate long-term
career satisfaction and fulfillment.
Notes/Comments:  Foreword Preface Acknowledgments About the editor About the contributors Section 1: Work and the workplace: Their impact on the lives of the workers Work: Meaning, mattering, and job satisfaction Kathleen M. Connolly Spirituality in the workplace: An overview Eugenie Joan Looby and Daya Singh Sandhu Developing the whole employee: Somepractical applications regarding spirituality in the workplace Betty Milburn Job-related stress: Sources and prevention strategies Don Pazaratz and William
Morton Section 2: Special tools Motivational interviewing in the workplace
John McCarthy and Patricia A. Cluss Using the Adlerian lifestyle construct as
a strengths assessment tool for improving employees' success Paul R. Peluso
and Kevin B. Stoltz Supervising the problem employee Patrick H. Hardesty and
Steven J. Morris Section 3: Special populations Working with ethnic minority
employees in the workplace John M. Dillard and Debra A. Harley Counseling
employees with disabilities Kimberly K. Asner-Self and Pamela J. Leconte Gay,
lesbian, and bisexual employee issues in the workplace Kathleen M. Kirby
Issues of the delayed or reentry worker Mary H. Guindon Counseling displaced
homemakers Eugenie Joan Looby The storied approach: A constructivist
perspective on counseling dual-career couples Michael E. Hall and Nancy E.
Huenefeld Adaptation and the foreign assignment: Counseling expatriates Joseph
A. Lippincott and Ruth B. Lippincott Temporary employees: A primer for
counselors Debra S. Preston Section 4: Special problems The impact of modern
performance rankings on career counseling and employee development in
corporate America Sherry Knight Rossiter Addressing depression in the
workplace Steven J. Morris and Patrick H. Hardesty Working with the
white-collar substance abuser: An intervention method for counseling
practitioners Octavia Madison-Colmore, James L. Moore, III and Scheryl Price 
Violence in the workplace: Preventing and managing the effects of critical
incidence stress in the workplace Paige N. Cummins Section 5: Special programs
Reasons, considerations, and strategies for developing and implementing an
Employee Assistance Program in higher education Daya Singh Sandhu and Robert
M. Longwell-Grice Evaluating Employee Assistance Programs Robert M.
Longwell-Grice and Daya Singh Sandhu Index job satisfaction; worker
productivity; spirituality; career counseling; employee assistance programs;
stress & violence; alcohol & drug abuse; minorities; disabled; gay
& lesbian & bisexual workers
========================================

Title: Spirituality in the workplace: An overview.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Looby, Eugenie Joan; Sandhu, Daya Singh
Author Affiliation: U Louisville, Dept of Educational & Counseling
Psychology, Louisville, KY, US
Source/Citation: Counseling employees:  A multifaceted approach., Alexandria,
VA, US: American Counseling Association; 2002, (xxx, 377), 17-36
Source editor(s): Sandhu, Daya Singh (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This chapter addresses spirituality in the workplace.
It begins by examining the relationship between work and spirituality. This is
followed by a discussion of what workplace spirituality means. Next, reasons
for the rising interest in spirituality are articulated. Then, important
principles of spirituality are outlined. Spiritual violence in the workplace
is explained, along with suggestions for integrating spiritual practices in
the workplace. The chapter concludes with a model of workplace spirituality
and career counseling implications.
========================================

Title: Developing the whole employee: Some practical applications regarding
spirituality in the workplace.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Milburn, Betty
Source/Citation: Counseling employees:  A multifaceted approach., Alexandria,
VA, US: American Counseling Association; 2002, (xxx, 377), 37-49
Source editor(s): Sandhu, Daya Singh (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This chapter provides reasons for the growing interest
in spirituality in the workplace. It also provides definitions of key
concepts, characteristics associated with spirituality, and ways that
spirituality can be nurtured. In spite of interest in spirituality, there
appears to be uncertainty about how to address this aspect of employees. For
this reason, counseling applications for dealing with the spiritual dimension
of both organizational leaders and employees are also provided.
========================================

Title: Counseling within a new spiritual paradigm.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lines, Dennis
Source/Citation: Journal of Humanistic Psychology; Vol 42(3) Sum 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 102-123
Abstract/Review/Citation: States that postmodernism has brought an altered
outlook that many find unsettling-secularisation, moral relativity, and
pluralism. The old, certain world has given way to a new spiritual paradigm
that has implications for spiritual counseling. Many founders of humanistic
psychotherapy have emerged from religious backgrounds, but most have moved on
in their thinking to accommodate the altered outlook and the dilemmas of their
clients living in the new spiritual paradigm. Spiritual philosophers and
psychotherapists have defined the spiritual in  otherworldly  or  this-worldly transcendence, using terms such as numinous to convey bridged meaning. This
article proposes that both may be linked, in that the divine can be
encountered through human relations and a sense of "connectedness"
with nature and persons. The tool for counseling in the new spiritual paradigm
is a lens through which 2 worlds are viewed and interrelational encounters are
re-viewed as theophanies. Client difficulties in terms of dealing with
symptoms holistically, answering the big life questions within a framework of
trust and exploring personal being in depth, are examined in the light of a
vision that suggests that through "moments" of human
relational-encounter, the divine may be experienced.
========================================

Title: "Spiritual healing as a therapy of chronic pain: A randomized,
clinical trial": Comment.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Everett, Worth; Aberra, Fate; Bisson, Gregor; Casanova, Bruno; Pare, Emmanuelle; Piasecki, Barbara
Author Affiliation: U Pennsylvania, Hosp, Div of Gastroenterology, Philadelphia,
PA, US U Pennsylvania, hosp, Dept of Infectious Diseases, Philadelphia, PA, US
U Pennsylvania, Hosp, Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Philadelphia, PA,
US U Pennsylvania, Hosp, Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Philadelphia,
PA, US U Pennsylvania, Hosp, Div of Gastroenterology, Philadelphia, PA, US
Source/Citation: Pain; Vol 96(1-2) Mar 2002, United Kingdom: Elsevier Science
BV; 2002, 219-220
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on the article by N. Abbot et al concerning the efficacy of spiritual healing as a therapy of chronic pain. The primary outcome measure of efficacy was the McGill Pain Questionnaire (R. Melzack, 1975, MPQ). The responsiveness of the MPQ, specifically its ability to accurately detect change when it has occurred, has not been subjected to formal responsiveness studies. In the context of using the MPQ as a primary outcome measure in randomized controlled trials on pain
treatment modalities, the question is raised as to what constitutes a
clinically meaningful change. Coupling other clinically relevant measures,
such as the use of analgesics and pain-related physician visits, with the
complementary scales would be beneficial.
========================================

Title: "Spiritual healing as a therapy of chronic pain: A randomized,
clinical trial": Reply.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ernst, E.
Source/Citation: Pain; Vol 96(1-2) Mar 2002, United Kingdom: Elsevier Science
BV; 2002, 220
Abstract/Review/Citation: Responds to comments of W. Everett et al  concerning the article by N. Abbot et al regarding the efficacy of spiritual healing as a therapy of
chronic pain. Everett et al appear to miss the main point of the study,
namely, that both experimental and control Ss experienced almost identical
reductions in pain. Until someone replicates the study and produces a
different result, there is little reason to assume that spiritual healing
exerts specific effects on any aspect of pain.
========================================

Title: The persistence of faith among nonheterosexual Christians: Evidence for
the neosecularization thesis of religious transformation.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Yip, Andrew K. T.
Source/Citation: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion; Vol 41(2) Jun
2002, US: Blackwell Publishers; 2002, 199-212
Abstract/Review/Citation: The neosecularization thesis, which combines the
"secularization" and "postsecularization" paradigms,
argues that religion is in a constant state of transformation (thus
persistence). It also argues that an examination of secularization needs to be
conducted on 3 levels: macro, meso, and micro. Drawing from a study involving
565 nonheterosexual Christians in the UK (gay, lesbian, and bisexual 18-76 yr
olds), this article aims to lend credence to the neosecularization thesis,
focusing on the micro (individual) level only. The article highlights the lack
of influence of religious authority structures on the respondents' views of
sexuality and spirituality. Data also demonstrates that, in the construction
of the respondents' identity and Christian faith, as well as the fashioning of
Christian living, religious authority structures were considered the least
significant factor compared to the respondents' employment of human reason and
biblical understanding within the framework of lived experiences. The data
suggests that the self, rather than religious authority structures, steers the
respondents' journeys of spirituality and sexuality. This is evidence of the
impact of the "detraditionalization" process on the late modern
religious landscape.
========================================

Title: "Being religious" or "being spiritual" in America: A
zero-sum proposition?
Author(s)/Editor(s): Marler, Penny Long; Hadaway, C. Kirk
Author Affiliation: United Church of Christ, Office of General Ministries,
Cleveland, OH, US
Source/Citation: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion; Vol 41(2) Jun
2002, US: Blackwell Publishers; 2002, 289-300
Abstract/Review/Citation: Recent discussions of religious attitudes and behavior
tend to suggest--and in a few cases, provide--evidence that Americans are
becoming "more spiritual" and "less religious." What do
people mean, however when they say they are "spiritual" or
"religious"? Do Americans see these concepts as definitionally or
operationally different? If so, does that difference result in a zero-sum
dynamic between them? In this article, the authors explore the relationship
between "being religious" and "being spiritual" in a
national sample of American Protestants and compare their findings to other
studies, including W. C. Roof's baby-boomer research (1993, 2000), 1999 Gallup
and 2000 Spirituality and Health polls, and the B. Zinnbauer et al (1997)
study of religious definitions. In addition to presenting quantitative and
qualitative evidence about the way people think about their
religious/spiritual identity, the article draws implications about modernity,
the distinctiveness of religious change in the recent past, and the
deinstitutionalization of religion.
========================================

Title: The Spiritual Assessment Inventory: A theistic model and measure for
assessing spiritual development.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hall, Todd W; Edwards, Keith J.
Author Affiliation: Biola U, Rosemund School of Psychology, La Mirada, CA, US
Source/Citation: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion; Vol 41(2) Jun
2002, US: Blackwell Publishers; 2002, 341-357
Abstract/Review/Citation: The Spiritual Assessment Inventory (SAI) is a
relationally-based measure designed to assess 2 dimensions of spiritual
development: Awareness of God and Quality of Relationship with God. The
present article reports the results of 2 studies: exploratory and confirmatory
factor analyses of a revised SAI, which replicated 5 factors, and a factor
analysis of a revised SAI with a new Impression Management (IM) subscale. 79
items, based on the items from the 2nd factor analysis and additional items
written for this study, were administered to a sample of 438 university
students (18-22 yrs old). Results support the factor structure of the SAI and
the homogeneity of the IM scale. Correlations of the SAI subscales with the
Spiritual Well-Being Scale, the Intrinsic/Extrinsic-Revised, the Bell Object
Relations Inventory, the Defense Styles Questionnaire, and the Narcissistic
Personality Inventory also support the construct validity of the SAI. Two-step
multiple regressions support the incremental validity of the SAI. Suggestions
for future research and implications for clinical use of the instrument are
discussed.
========================================

Title: Temporal stability of the Transcendent Actualization Inventory.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hamel, Suzanne; Lefrancois, Richard; Leclerc, Gilbert; Gaulin, Philippe
Author Affiliation: Sherbrooke U Geriatric Inst, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada
Sherbrooke U Geriatric Inst, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada Sherbrooke U Geriatric
Inst, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada
Source/Citation: Perceptual & Motor Skills; Vol 94(2) Apr 2002, US:
Perceptual & Motor Skills; 2002, 449-452
Abstract/Review/Citation: Investigated the temporal stability of the
Transcendent Actualization Inventory, which aims to estimate actualization of
psychospiritual potential, in 200 Ss (aged 18-93 yrs). The test-retest
reliability was .84 for Time 1 vs Time 2. The value of .84 for temporal
stability for the global scale and .70 to .85 for the subscales of the
prepersonal, personal, and transpersonal levels suggest that this inventory is
reliable.
========================================

Title: The link between religion and health:  Psychoneuroimmunology and the
faith factor.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Koenig, Harold G.; Cohen, Harvey Jay
Author Affiliation: Duke U, Medical Ctr, Ctr for the Study of Aging & Human
Development, Durham, NC, US
Source/Citation: London: Oxford University Press; 2002, (xii, 304)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Separate research studies conducted by different
investigators studying different populations throughout the world have
reported a relationship between religious involvement, better physical health,
and greater longevity. Why this connection between religion and physical
health exists, however, remains largely a mystery. Are these effects owing to
supernatural influences of a divine creator? Or might natural mechanisms be
invoked to help explain this connection? The present volume examines the
possibility that religious involvement might affect physical health through
known neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms. Scientists and academic
researchers will find in this volume a gold mine of ideas and possible
projects, as well as a wealth of information about study methodologies and
research instruments. Educators will discover plentiful information to update
their students about the newest advances in psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and to
stimulate thinking about how religious beliefs and practices might influence
health through physiological mechanisms. They will also find thoughtful
discussions by eminent theologians and sociologists about the religious and
societal implications of such research. The general reader will discover a
fascinating expose of the mind-body relationship.
Notes/Comments:  Contributors Introduction [by] Harold G. Koenig and Harvey Jay Cohen The connection between psychoneuroimmunology and religion Harold G. Koenig The development and history of psychoneuroimmunology George F. Solomon Understanding how stress affects the physical body Bruce S. Rabin Stress, natural killer cells, and cancer Ronald B. Herberman Psychosocial interventions and prognosis in cancer David Spiegel and Fawzy I. Fawzy Psychosocial stress, social networks, and susceptibility to infection Sheldon Cohen Psychosocial factors, immunology, and wound healing Harold G. Koenig and Harvey Jay Cohen Psychosocial factors, spirituality/religiousness, and immune function in HIV/AIDS patients Gail Ironson and Neil Schneiderman Hostility, neuroendocrine changes, and health outcomes Redford B. Williams Psychological stress and autoimmune disease Harold G. Koenig and Harvey Jay
Cohen Immune, neuroendocrine, and religious measures Bruce S. Rabin and Harold
G. Koenig Psychoneuroimmunology and Eastern religious traditions Paul J.
Griffiths Psychoneuroimmunology and Western religious traditions Warren S.
Brown Psychoneuroimmunology and religion: Implications for society and culture
Howard L. Kaye Avenues for future research Harvey Jay Cohen and Harold G.
Koenig Conclusions [by] Harold G. Koenig Index religious involvement; physical
health; psychoneuroimmunology; religious beliefs; religious practices;
psychosocial factors; dualism; theories
========================================

Title: Psychosocial interventions and prognosis in cancer.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Spiegel, David; Fawzy, Fawzy I.
Author Affiliation: U California, Dept of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral
Science, Los Angeles, CA, US
Source/Citation: The link between religion and health:  Psychoneuroimmunology
and the faith factor., London: Oxford University Press; 2002, (xii, 304),
84-100
Source editor(s): Koenig, Harold G. (Ed); Cohen, Harvey Jay (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Over the last 20 years, research in psycho-oncology
has progressed through several important phases to provide clinicians with a
framework for understanding and treating the psychological needs of cancer
patients. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, evidence emerged suggesting that
certain negative psychological states can enhance the progression of cancer,
whereas social connections and social support may slow its progression. More
recently, studies have been conducted to identify mediating immune and
endocrine mechanisms for these effects. This chapter explores the impact of
psychosocial variables on cancer recurrence and survival, as well as the
evidence that psychosocial interventions can be used to affect the clinical
course of this illness. It also examines the evidence that religion and
spirituality, as elements of psychosocial support, have a role to play in the
support, treatment, and prognosis of cancer patients.
========================================

Title: Psychosocial factors, spirituality/religiousness, and immune function in
HIV/AIDS patients.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ironson, Gail; Schneiderman, Neil
Author Affiliation: U Miami, Behavioral Medicine Program, Dept of Psychology,
Coral Gables, FL, US
Source/Citation: The link between religion and health:  Psychoneuroimmunology
and the faith factor., London: Oxford University Press; 2002, (xii, 304),
139-159
Source editor(s): Koenig, Harold G. (Ed); Cohen, Harvey Jay (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Just as diseases such as tuberculosis and herpes have
been found to be prone to influence by psychological and social factors that
affect immunological resistance to them, so, too, has HIV. Because HIV is a
disease characterized by immune system dysfunction and is also resisted by the
immune system, it would seem that psychoneuroimmunological effects on immune
functions might have an even greater impact on the course of HIV infection
than on the course of other infectious diseases. In particular, it appears
people's psychological health, how they cope with stressors, their social
connections' and their beliefs and attitudes can play a significant role in
the course of HIV infection. It also appears that individuals' religious and
spiritual beliefs can affect these factors, thereby indirectly playing a role
in the course of HIV infection as well. In this chapter, we briefly explore
the pathogenesis of HIV and its treatment and the various psychosocial factors
known to play a role in the progression of HIV to AIDS. We also examine the
impact of religious and spiritual beliefs and practices on these psychosocial
factors and the implications of this relationship for the treatment of
HIV/AIDS.
========================================

Title: Hostility, neuroendocrine changes, and health outcomes.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Williams, Redford B.
Source/Citation: The link between religion and health:  Psychoneuroimmunology
and the faith factor., London: Oxford University Press; 2002, (xii, 304),
160-173
Source editor(s): Koenig, Harold G. (Ed); Cohen, Harvey Jay (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Research conducted over the past several decades has
demonstrated a moderately strong association between chronic negative
emotional states, such as hostility and anger, and negative health outcomes.
The interdisciplinary field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) provides a good
environment for studying the effects of hostility on health because of the
complex sequelae of events in the central nervous system, endocrine system,
immune system, blood, and heart, all of which are set in motion as a
consequence of chronic negative emotions. The emphasis of many religious and
spiritual traditions on mastering or controlling anger and other negative
emotions may offer opportunities not only for studying the hostility
phenomenon but also for understanding ways that the health-damaging effects of
hostility may be thwarted. Recent behavioral medicine research has been
uncovering psychosocial factors--hostility, depression, social isolation--that
increase risk of major illness and mortality and, at the same time, these
factors appear opposite in many respects to characteristics the world's
religions have been promoting as desirable for over 2,000 years. The
confluence of scientific and religious findings seems to be a most interesting
example of "ancient truths find modern proofs."
========================================

Title: Psychological stress and autoimmune disease.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Koenig, Harold G.; Cohen, Harvey Jay
Author Affiliation: Duke U, Medical Ctr, Ctr for the Study of Aging & Human
Development, Durham, NC, US
Source/Citation: The link between religion and health:  Psychoneuroimmunology
and the faith factor., London: Oxford University Press; 2002, (xii, 304),
174-196
Source editor(s): Koenig, Harold G. (Ed); Cohen, Harvey Jay (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Because chemicals produced by immune cells signal the
brain, and the brain in turn sends chemical signals to regulate the immune
system, the two systems are able to signal each other continuously and
rapidly. Just as the brain can send hormonal and nervous system signals that
suppress immune functioning in response to stress, disruption of the
regulatory influence of the brain on the immune system can lead to increased
immune activity and, if directed against the body's own tissues and organs,
greater susceptibility to inflammatory and autoimmune disease. This chapter
examines autoimmune disorders that are associated with excessive immune
activity and inflammation and discusses research that links the onset and
course of autoimmune conditions with psychosocial stress. The use of religion
by patients to cope with autoimmune disorders also is explored, as are the
effects of religious-spiritual interventions on the disease course. But there
is another effect that stress can have on the immune system that appears to be
the exact opposite of positive psychosocial factors. Psychosocial stress may
interfere with the ability of the body to regulate immune functioning,
resulting in exaggerated responses seen in autoimmune diseases.
========================================

Title: Psychoneuroimmunology and religion: Implications for society and culture.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kaye, Howard L.
Source/Citation: The link between religion and health:  Psychoneuroimmunology
and the faith factor., London: Oxford University Press; 2002, (xii, 304),
275-285
Source editor(s): Koenig, Harold G. (Ed); Cohen, Harvey Jay (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This chapter discusses the implications for medicine,
society, and culture of learning about the biochemical pathways by which
spirituality and religious practice exert their influence on health. The
author discusses important and sometimes difficult questions, including how
physicians and health care systems should utilize such information in their
care of patients. The author makes comparisons with social Darwinism and the
eugenics movement of the nineteenth century to make his points. He also
expresses concern about the utilitarian use of religion to improve health or
immune functioning. Rather than stimulating the reintegration of religion back
into medical practice, research on psychoneuroimmunology and the faith factor
may well encourage the "medicalization of religion," not the
"spiritualizing of medicine," by fostering a purely
"therapeutic" attitude toward religion. If religion is practiced
essentially for its therapeutic benefits, what happens to religious practice
if scientists discover that some other psychotherapeutic technique is more
effective as a source of stress reduction, or if scientists identify the
biochemical pathways by which prayer strengthens the body's immune system and
then develop a more potent pharmacological means of doing so?
========================================

Title: The HIV/AIDS epidemic in African American communities: Lessons from
UNAIDS and Africa.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Okigbo, Charles; Okigbo, Carol A.; Hall, William B. JR; Ziegler, Dhyana
Author Affiliation: North Dakota State U, ND, US Morehead State U, MN, US
Florida A&M U, FL, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Black Studies; Vol 32(6) Jul 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 615-653
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses lessons for African Americans from the
African experience with the HIV/AIDS pandemic. In the US, the AIDS scourge has
disproportionately affected African American communities. The authors suggest
that, in their tragic experiences with HIV/AIDS, both African states and
African American communities can benefit from the new communication framework
that the United Nations Global AIDS Programme and the Pennsylvania State
University have developed to combat the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The framework
contains 5 universal values that are recommended for AIDS intervention
programs across the world: incorporation of government policies, SES, culture,
gender issues, and spirituality. There are 6 additional values, 2 of which
apply uniquely to each of the 3 world regions of Africa, Asia, and Latin
America. For Africa, the 2 unique values are community-based approaches and
regional cooperation. The situation in Africa is seen to present valuable
lessons for African Americans in the US.
========================================

Title: Relationship between psi experience and materialism - spiritualism
orientation among college students of Kerala.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sebastian, K. A.; Mathew, V. George
Author Affiliation: U Kerala, Dept of Psychology, Trivandrum, India
Source/Citation: Journal of Indian Psychology; Vol 20(1) Jan 2002, India: Inst
for Yoga & Consciouness; 2002, 38-42
Abstract/Review/Citation: Relates the scores of psi experience with some aspects
of the materialism-spiritualism scale which measures orientative attitudes
toward God, religion, mysticism, existence of spirits, value of character and
psi phenomena. The psi inventory (along with the materialism-spiritualism
scale) was administered to a sample of 700 male and 700 female college
students (aged 17-35 yrs). Psi inventory has significant positive correlations
with most subscales of the materialism-spiritualism scale for both males and
females, indicating that psi is influenced by spiritualistic orientations.
========================================

Title: Health perceptions of Mexican American women.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Mendelson, Cindy
Source/Citation: Journal of Transcultural Nursing; Vol 13(3) Jul 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 210-217
Abstract/Review/Citation: Describes the health perceptions of a sample of
moderately to highly acculturated Mexican American women. Using an
ethnographic design, the author interviewed 13 women (aged 26-53 yrs) to
determine their health perceptions. The interviews were guided by the domains
of health described in the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of
health. Three broad categories of health perceptions were identified: the
physical body, the emotional component, and finding balance. With the addition
of a spiritual component, the WHO definition was a useful tool for uncovering
health perceptions. The process of in-depth ethnographic interviewing provided
a contextual view of health in which the complexity of intrafamilial
relationships was revealed, as were the importance of spirituality as a coping
mechanism and the perception of health as an integrated, holistic experience.
========================================

Title: Sanity and sanctity: The counselor and multiple relationships in the
church.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Llewellyn, Russ
Source/Citation: Dual relationships and psychotherapy., New York, NY, US:
Springer Publishing Co; 2002, (xxxiii, 501), 298-314
Source editor(s): Lazarus, Arnold A. (Ed); Zur, Ofer (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Pastoral counseling and psychotherapy in church
settings provide a unique environment in which dual relationships often play
an essential role in the pastor-therapist-client relationship. One of the
reasons that dual relationships are especially important for pastors is that
they are very often the first person to whom people turn during times of
mental or spiritual anguish. Dual relationships in this context are
relationships in which the pastoral counselor or psychotherapist has more than
one role or relationship with clients. The author clarifies how dual
relationships, familiarity, and trust in the church community are almost
prerequisites to spiritual counseling.
========================================

Title: Report: Creative partnerships--people with psychiatric disabilities and
art therapists in dialogue.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Spaniol, Susan; Bluebird, Gayle
Author Affiliation: Lesley U, Expressive Therapies Div, Cambridge, MA, US
Source/Citation: Arts in Psychotherapy; Vol 29(2) 2002, US: Elsevier
Science/Pergamon; 2002, 107-114
Abstract/Review/Citation: Reports on Creative Partnerships, a conference of 34
people with psychiatric disabilities and art therapists held at Lesley
University in March 2001. The conference was the first Participatory Dialogue
between people with psychiatric disabilities involved in the arts and art
therapists, bringing together constituents all strongly committed to
rehabilitation and recovery through the use of the creative arts. Main themes
of the dialogue included boundaries, language usage, spirituality and healing,
and programming. The authors conclude that one of the clearest outcomes of the
dialogue was awareness that this group of people valued being together and
wanted opportunities to meet as a group in the future.
========================================

Title: Religiosity and racial identity attitudes: Clinically relevant factors in
psychotherapy with African Americans.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Davis-Russell, Elizabeth
Source/Citation: The California School of Professional Psychology handbook of
multicultural education, research, intervention, and training., San Francisco,
CA, US: Jossey-Bass; 2002, (xvii, 344), 263-276
Source editor(s): Davis-Russell, Elizabeth (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: The chapter focuses on the importance of religious or
spiritual beliefs and practices and racial identity attitudes in conducting
culturally competent psychotherapy that considers the context of the client.
179 African American participants completed the Religious Orientation Scale
and the Racial Identity Attitude Scale. Gender differences in racial identity
attitudes and religiosity are interpreted in light of nigrescence models.
Generally, world views and spirituality or religiosity are important factors
that clinicians need to include in their understanding of the African American
client.
========================================

Title: Theobiology: Interfacing theology and science.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Rayburn, Carole A.; Richmond, Lee J.
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist: Special Issue: Theobiology:
Interfacing theology, biology, and other sciences for deeper understanding.;
Vol 45(12) Aug 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 1793-1811
Abstract/Review/Citation: Notes that theobiology (TB) proposes that disciplines
from the sciences be brought into theological, psychology-of-religion, and
spirituality discussions and analyses on a systematic, consistent basis. TB
does not presume any primacy of the sciences over theology or the psychology
of religion/spirituality or vice versa. Nor is revealed knowledge or divine
revelation seen as less important than scientific knowledge. In this theory
and methodology, sciences serve as tools or aids to provide deeper
understanding of theology and of the psychology of religion/spirituality. TB
theoretical undergirdings include the philosophical approach, with the search
for truth coming about through logical reasoning rather than direct
observation and analysis of bases and concepts of fundamental beliefs, and
hermeneutics, recognizing that all sciences are needed for the most accurate,
appropriate interpretation of theological matters. Other topics discussed in
this paper with reference to TB include its guidelines or principle tenets,
neurotheology, shamanism and the neural ecology of consciousness and healing,
career development, plant and animal life, racial and gender inclusiveness,
differences between religiousness and spirituality, sexuality, gender issues,
and the gender of God and Christ.
========================================

Title: Comments on symposium: Theobiology: Interfacing theology, psychology, and
other sciences for deeper understanding.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hood, Ralph W. JR
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist: Special Issue: Theobiology:
Interfacing theology, biology, and other sciences for deeper understanding.;
Vol 45(12) Aug 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 1854-1861
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on papers presented by C. A. Rayburn and L.
J. Richmond, W. S. Brown, and R. L. Gorsuch at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in 2001, as well as a few references that have influenced this commentary. The author discusses issuesraised by the authors and by the concept of theobiology. Specifically, the author discusses Rayburn and Richmond's reference to the role of embodiment in the search for truth, Brown's concern with the interconnectedness of the body and soul, and Gorsuch's views on the discovery of truth within the sciences
and humanities.
========================================

Title: Theobiology and gendered spirituality.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kanis, Sharon
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist: Special Issue: Theobiology:
Interfacing theology, biology, and other sciences for deeper understanding.;
Vol 45(12) Aug 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 1866-1874
Abstract/Review/Citation: Notes that the gendered nature of human experience
influences the interpretation of most life events and human processes. Men and
women experience life differently. The author asks, how does gender affect the
development of theology or the practice of spirituality? In particular, what
is the impact of embodiment on the development of theology or spirituality?
The author presents narrative accounts by several women to explore these
questions. Analyses show that the experience of being embodied as a woman
intersects with the theology of Christian religious tradition. It is suggested
that narrative research provides rich data for understanding the interface
between human embodiment and spirituality.
========================================

Title: Cross-cultural generalizability of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale in
India: Spirituality as a universal aspect of human experience.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Piedmont, Ralph L.; Leach, Mark M.
Author Affiliation: U Southern Mississippi, Dept of Psychology, MS, US
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist: Special Issue: Theobiology:
Interfacing theology, biology, and other sciences for deeper understanding.;
Vol 45(12) Aug 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 1888-1901
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined whether the Spiritual Transcendence Scale
(STS)--a motivationally based measure of spirituality developed in the US with
mostly Christian participants--is generalizable to a non-Western culture
across multiple religions. Specifically, this research examined (1) the STS's
reliability in a multireligious Indian sample, especially across the different
religious faiths (Hinduism, Christianity, Islam); (2) gender and religious
affiliation differences; (3) the STS's factor structure; (4) the STS's
correlation with other measures of religious activity, spirituality, and
psychological maturity; and (5) the predictive value of the STS for religious
activity, spirituality, and psychological maturity after the predictive
effects of personality were controlled. The STS along with additional attitude
and personality measures were administered to 369 Indian undergraduate
students (aged 17-27 yrs). Results show structural validity of the STS and
predictive validity independent of personality factors, consistent with US
samples. Gender differences between the 3 religions indicate that
religiousness and spirituality are not isomorphic constructs. These results
provide support for the use of the STS in diverse samples and evidence of the
universality of spiritual experience.
========================================

Title: When science meets religion.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Otani, Akira
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist: Special Issue: Theobiology:
Interfacing theology, biology, and other sciences for deeper understanding.;
Vol 45(12) Aug 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 1902-1904
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on C. A. Rayburn and L. J. Richmond's (2002)
article introducing the field of theobiology as "the interface of theology and biology", and more broadly the inferface of religion and science. The author argues that Rayburn and
Richmond's article is written exclusively from the Christian perspective, and that while informative, the given textual analysis bears little relevance to other religions in the world. The author also comments on an article by R. L. Piedmont and M. M. Leach (2002)which attempted to measure and cross-validate spirituality as a plausible universal construct using a group of Indian participants representing 3 different faiths. The
author argues that both Rayburn and Richmond's conceptual article and Piedmont and Leach's empirical article show good attempts to integrate the traditional theology with existing scientific knowledge and methodology.
========================================

Title: "2001 invited address: Parapsychology and transpersonal psychology:
'Anomalies' to be explained away or spirit to mainfest?"'Erratum.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tart, Charles
Source/Citation: Journal of Parapsychology; Vol 66(2) Jun 2002, US: Journal of
Parapsychology; 2002, 216
Abstract/Review/Citation: Reports an error in the original article by C. Tart
(Journal of Parapsychology, 2002[Mar], Vol No.[66(1)], 31-47.) The author's
email address should be: cttart@ucdavis.edu. (The following abstract of the
article appeared in record 2002-02655-002.) Discusses transpersonal
psychological aspects of parapsychology. The term "spiritual" is
controversial for parapsychologists and for most psychologists in general.
Within transpersonal psychology, parapsychology is a narrower, technical
interest. Parapsychology is relevant to the conflicting world views of
spiritual, materialistic, and scientist orientations regarding: (1) the nature
of reality; (2) connection, morality, and relationship; (3) meaning; (4) love;
and (5) death. As a field, parapsychology could become more
spiritually/transpersonally relevant through: (1) increased emphasis on the
effect of prayer and psychic healing on illness; (2) examining how and what
parts of transpersonal psychology work; (3) becoming more involved in
near-death experience research; and (4) undertaking survival research.
========================================

Title: Binge drinking and salutogenesis:  Sense of coherence, stress,
religiousness and spirituality.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Debruyn, Jeanne Carol
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(10-A) May 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3588
Abstract/Review/Citation: Despite highly publicized tragedies and on-going
examinations and refinements of alcohol practices and policies, binge drinking
on college campuses continues to be one of the most serious public health
problems confronting American colleges and universities. While it is important
to understand the extent of binge drinking and its attendant consequences, it
is equally as important to understand why some students are protected from
engaging into this potentially destructive rite of passage.  This study
focuses on binge drinking from a salutogenic perspective in that, unlike
traditional pathogenic research into binge drinking, it examines students'
sense of coherence (Antonovsky, 1987) in relation to binge drinking, stress,
university norms of drinking behavior, religiousness and spirituality. The
following hypotheses were tested: (a) students with a strong sense of
coherence (SOC) will perceive their lives as less stressful; (b) will report
less binge drinking; and (c) will report stronger religious and/or spiritual
convictions than students with a weak sense of coherence. As hypothesized,
this cross-sectional, classroom administered survey of students at a
Midwestern university found that the strength of one's SOC played a weak but
significant role in ameliorating binge drinking and perceptions of stress.
Positive relationships were found between SOC and spirituality. Additionally,
students in this sample perceived binge drinking as normative campus behavior;
however, the percentage of students reporting binge drinking episodes in the
two weeks preceding questionnaire administration was higher than the national
average found in other research of collegiate populations.  The findings of
this research provide evidence for the role one's SOC plays in stress,
perception of binge drinking norms, and spirituality on the incidence of binge
drinking. Interventions directed toward increasing student levels of SOC,
decreasing student levels and perceptions of stress, as well as changing
erroneous perceptions of binge drinking norms are discussed. Further
longitudinal studies are recommended and can be expected to aid in the design
of functional, more successful programs and policies aimed at impeding binge
drinking on college campuses.
========================================

Title: The effect of head and heart on municipal employee retention.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sherman, Charles Patrick
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(10-A) May 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3474
Abstract/Review/Citation: This dissertation examined the effect of heart and
head on municipal employee retention. Heart attributes were synonymous with
right-brain (Theory Y) approaches to retention while head attributes were
considered equivalent to left-brain (Theory X) approaches. Municipal retention
was viewed as problematic, exacerbated in the early 21st century by lower
birth rates yielding fewer workers.  Heart attributes included dialogue,
passion, heart, balance, soul, spirituality, artistry, silence, and meditation
rooms. Head attributes included shared decision making, employee recognition,
flexible work, flexible leave, personal mastery, advocacy, flexible pay,
flexible retirement, and flexible workplace design.  The research population
was a nonprofit organization of 486 innovative cities and local governments.
One hundred twenty-eight respondents completed surveys. Three sets of focus
groups were held. Surveys and focus groups elicited responses on the
predominance of, and desire for, heart or head attributes in an organization
as well as barriers to and best practices for retention. The head and heart
subcategories quantified the literature review.  Both heart and head issues
are viewed as important for retention. Head attributes are indicated by 60% of
responses as being of primary importance, while heart attributes are noted by
40% of responses in surveys and focus groups. However, when the literature
review was quantified by heart/head attributes, a reverse of 60% referencing
heart and 40% referencing head was noted. A disconnect between the literature
and practice was indicated.  The literature suggests that spirituality in the
workplace is an increasing phenomenon. This study indicated that spirituality
was almost nonexistent in municipalities. Practitioners appeared to recognize
the need to implement heart in organizations for retention. In practice,
however, implementation was minimized. Barriers to implementation of
heart/head included federal, state, and local legislation, retirement system
rules, and the lack of an authorizing environment for risk-taking.  It is
recommended that modern trained practitioners teach heart attributes through
the utilization of head or left-brain language for acceptance. Other
recommendations include training in heart attributes, allowing personal
spiritual growth in the governmental workplace, and legislative changes.
Future research is suggested for heart focused best practices and the
spirituality disconnect in government.
========================================

Title: Women, trauma and power:  The embodied experience of embracing personal
power.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hammes, Kathie Anne
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4817
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study is a phenomenological investigation of the
experience through which women uncover a sense of intrinsic strength. This
study involves 12 women who were self-identified trauma survivors between the
ages of 48 and 63. From the data, a sequential set of themes was derived that
described the embodied experience of embracing personal power for women who
are trauma survivors. These themes are: The Trauma Lens, in which personal
power became known against the backdrop of knowing powerlessness; Freedom of
Choice, the process of decision making played a key component in facilitating
the move from victim to survivor; Bodily Experience, the physical knowing of
personal power; Spirituality and Connectedness to Others and the essential
need of being connected to someone or something for support; The Lenses of
Personal Power, the insights gained by the knowing of personal power and
strength. The women acknowledged the trauma and other misfortunes within their
lives but chose to make use of those experiences. The resilience and courage
possessed by these women made them survivors. The attempt to change and create
meaning of the trauma transformed their tragedy into something useful, and
thus improved the quality of their life. Embracing personal power is a process
that involves a moment of knowing-one felt within the body, soul and mind.
========================================

Title: Influences of racism, spirituality, positive social support, and negative
social exchange on depressive symptomology among lower socioeconomic African
American women.
Author(s)/Editor(s): John, Saira Elizabeth
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4789
Abstract/Review/Citation: The current study identified variables that influence
levels of depressive symptoms in a sample of urban African American women from
lower socioeconomic statuses. A total of 207 women were assessed on dimensions
of depressive symptoms, racist events, positive social support, spirituality,
and negative social exchange. In general, depressive symptoms among this
sample of women were considered to be elevated. Contrary to prior research,
incidence of racist events was not significantly related to depressive
symptoms in this sample of women. When controlling for racist events, the
independent variables were protective factors against experiencing depressive
symptoms. Positive social support and spirituality were significantly
inversely related to depressive symptoms. Negative social exchange was also
significantly related to depressive symptoms, with lower levels of this type
of support related to lower levels of depressive symptoms. Despite the
elevated depressive symptoms endorsed by this sample, it seems that many
African American women may benefit from their positive social supports,
minimal negative social exchanges, and spirituality.
========================================

Title: Body, soul, and medicine:  Confessions of an elder physician.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Denney, Myron Keith
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4778
Abstract/Review/Citation: The modern medical healing arts are caught in the
prevailing scientific paradigm of Western culture, functioning with a
biomedical science that privileges quantity over quality, fragmentation over
wholeness, and matter over spirit. As a result, the emotional, spiritual, and
soulful aspects of healing are often neglected.  Addressing this schism,
medical schools have included the humanities in education, pastoral workers
have become active in hospitals, and psychologists tend to patients undergoing
somatic care. Meanwhile, individuals have turned to various forms of
alternative or complementary medicine, seeking to incorporate life meaning and
spirituality within their illnesses and treatments. Although some individual
practicing physicians and other healers have tried to include these
alternative methods in standard medical practice, most of the members of the
medical profession have kept these soulful practices clearly separate from
'scientific' medical care. Motivated by regrets of my own dissociation of
science and spirituality during my years of medical education, training, and
practice, I have asked how I might inspire myself and others to build a bridge
to connect science and spirituality in the medical healing arts. To approach
this question, I chose the artistic method in the form of a series of essays.
After constructing a thorough theoretical thematic hermeneutic argument
outlining the problem, I chose to express the findings through a series of
four confessional essays which tell their stories from the heart as well as
the mind. With stories of personal experiences in modern medical care, the
essays speak through the voice of both elder physician and fledgling depth
psychologist and view modern medicine through the lenses of 20th-century depth
psychology and its close relationship with complexity science, and quantum
theory. In doing so, the essays begin to construct a bridge over which to
bring an outdated biomedical science up-to-date.  These essays are the first
few stones in the construction of that bridge.
========================================

Title: Psychoanalytic practice and the religious patient:  The politics of
agency and responsibility.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bartoli, Eleonora
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4772
Abstract/Review/Citation: This project relies on an investigation of the
relationship between psychoanalysis and religion as it has developed from
Freud through subsequent psychoanalytic schools, and the effects of this
changing relationship on treatment practices. This analysis highlighted the
specific terms characterizing the relationship between the concept of mental
health endorsed by each psychoanalytic school, and the way in which religious
thought and involvement were considered to promote, or be of detriment to, an
individual's mental health.  This dissertation project then turned to training
psychoanalysts, the gatekeepers of psychoanalytic theory and culture, in order
to investigate their understandings of the varied psychological roles
potentially played by religion, and how such understandings, in turn, shape
their clinical interactions. Central to this inquiry was the relationship
between psychoanalysts' values and religious stance, and their professional
position vis-a-vis religious material. In order to explore these topics, the
present project relied on both quantitative (surveys) and qualitative
(indepth, semi structured interviews) data. Both the survey and interview data
revealed that theoretical orientation and often religious identification had
little influence on analysts' outlook on religion or spirituality, or on how
they chose to address religious material in their clinical work. There seemed
to be, however, an overarching ethos characteristic of the psychoanalytic
community at large according to which given psychological characteristics
(such as an inner sense of agency and freedom) were deemed indicative of
mental health. In this light, analysts did not appear to judge religion or
spirituality per se as much as the particular form these take in people's
lives (e.g., the more rigid and externally imposed sense of duty a given
religious view implied, the less inclined analysts were to view religion in a
positive light). Furthermore, greater sensitivity towards religious patients
was shown by analysts who were able to consider, whether implicitly or
explicitly, the possibility of there being facets of religion, or
spirituality, that do not belong to the realm of psychology. However, empathy
for a suffering human being seemed to influence analysts' interventions
paramountly, and in most cases such an empathic stance overrode existing
personal or professional biases.
========================================

Title: Religious identity, religious practices, and spiritual coping in adults
undergoing treatment for cancer.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Fox, Rachel B.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4783
Abstract/Review/Citation: Research has shown that religion and spirituality
often play an integral part in the ways that people cope with stressful life
events. Religion and coping tend to converge when people (a) already have a
religious or spiritual orientation to life in general, and (b) are confronted
with situations that challenge the boundaries of their biopsychosocial
resources (such as life threatening illness).  This study examined the
individual and comparative relations of religious identity, religious
practices, and spiritual as well as other coping strategies with the
psychological well-being of adults in treatment for a first-time diagnosis of
cancer. Participants were 25 male and 50 female adults receiving treatment at
hospitals in Kansas City and Boston. Participants completed questionnaire
packets that included measures of religious and spiritual beliefs and
practices, a modified version of Pargament et al.'s (1990) spiritually-based
coping scale, non-religious coping, meaning in life, perceived control, and
well being (quality of life, mood disturbance, and posttraumatic stress). 
Results showed a lack of association between religious and spiritual coping
and well-being. Of the coping strategies evaluated, acceptance was the
strongest positive predictor of well-being and denial was the strongest
negative predictor. Spiritual well-being, a scale strongly associated with
meaning and purpose in life, was also a robust positive predictor of general
well-being. Results did support the positive relationship theorized in the  literature between (a) illness onset and perceived severity of illness and (b)
the use of (often preexisting) religious/spiritual beliefs, practices, and
coping strategies. That coping through religion/spirituality was nonetheless
not found to predict well-being may in part have been due to the fact that
participants were actively engaged in treatment and felt relatively in control
of their cancer. For individuals at that point in the cancer trajectory, other
types of coping may have been perceived as more salient to well being than
religious and spiritual orientations.
========================================

Title: Resiliency in the Black family.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gregory, W. Henry Jr.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4786
Abstract/Review/Citation: The development of resiliency in the family is of
great interest for clinicians, researchers and society at large. This study
considers the process of overcoming adversity from the perspective of the
Black family who has historically labored under disadvantage in many areas yet
continues, in many cases, to manifest degrees of resilience. Much of the study
of the Black family to date has supported negative stereotypes resulting from
researcher bias and methodological inadequacy. This study uses a
constructivist approach to inquiry because of its emphasis on power sharing
among investigators and participants, and the utility of its theoretical
foundations. Theoretically the contextual relativity of constructivism
emphasizes language, narrative, socio-historical and cultural processes as
primary factors in meaning making in understanding our own constructions and
those of others. This constructivist inquiry examines the adaptive processes
of resilient Black families and attempts to identify and clarify the mental
constructs that form the foundation on which family resiliency is based for
them.  Nine Black families each of whom has experienced hazardous adversity
within the last seven years were interviewed. The hazardous adversities all
involved loss and included suicides, murders, illness, sexual abuse and the
threat of termination of parental rights. Ten processes were identified that
support the resilient behavior of the families. Five of the processes are
themes found in previous research and clinical observations with various
populations: positive outlook; spirituality; connectedness; and open
expression of emotions and meaning making. The remaining five processes
represent new themes that expand, clarify and add more definition to the major
themes: the expression of empathy, compassion and forgiveness; the use of
rituals; the practice of remembering; the expression of gratitude and
humility; and the experience of dreams.  This combination of processes
collectively implies a culturally based resiliency pattern that may be useful
to clinicians and policy makers involved with providing intervention and
prevention services to Black families specifically from a competency based
perspective.
========================================

Title: A preliminary predictive analysis of student retention.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Wright, Monica K.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4770
Abstract/Review/Citation: Since the costs of recruiting have become more
prohibitive, student retention has become an important focus for American
colleges and universities in the past few years. A model for this process was
proposed by Tinto in 1975 and has been replicated in different settings with
different populations with similar results. The model is based on
'person-environment' fit, which is the degree to which the person and
environment in which they function are congruent. This combination of the past
and present experiences results in the decision to return or not. Even though
it is comprehensive, Tinto's model does not directly address psychological
factors that may influence an individual student's decision. In addition,
there has been little retention research conducted in private, smaller
schools. The current study is an attempt to investigate these two areas to
form a more complete picture of student retention. In this study, freshman
students were given an extensive demographic questionnaire that also assessed
expectations about their involvement and achievement, reasons for choosing to
attend college, ratings of their ability, and how they spent their time
outside of class. In addition, they were also given several other measures to
assess personality style, stress level, level of spirituality, and levels of
self-esteem. Usable responses were obtained from 175 students. Variables were
selected on the basis of predictive power in previous research as well as the
hypothesized importance of psychological constructs suggested by previous
research. Results suggest that factors delineated by Tinto are still relevant.
The psychological variables included were the students' self-defined levels of
stress and mediating factors and perceptions that aided them in coping with
stress. Results also indicated that time spent engaged in outside activities
was also a predictor of retention, with those spending a slight to moderate
amount of time in other activities returning at a higher rate than those who
did not. It appears that variables in several areas (social, psychological,
and academic) are necessary to encapsulate the profile of a student who is
retained at Spalding University. Future directions were also discussed.
========================================

Title: The process of psychospiritual maturation in adult-acquired severe
physical disability: A grounded theory.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Workman, Daryl J.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(10-B) May 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 4505
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study examined, from the perspectives of adults
between the ages of 40 and 65, the process of adaptation to acquired severe
physical disability. Grounded theory methodology was employed. Five men and
five women with differing severe physical disabilities acquired after the age
of 18, and all living at the same assisted care facility, were interviewed
three times each. An atheoretical framework was used to guide the study.  The
findings of this study indicated that the process of adaptation to adult
acquired severe physical disability could be described by four phases and 11
processes that resulted in psychospiritual maturation of the individual. The
four phases were Conventional Reality, Awakening, Virtual Reality and
Adaptation. The 11 processes were Onset, Resisting Disability, Conceptual
Clinging, Suffering, Seeing, Awakening, Choosing to Change, Dropping, Creating
New Reality, Filtering, and Transcendence and Transformation. Implications for
rehabilitation research and clinical practice included: the identification of
spirituality as an important component of the process of adaptation to adult
acquired severe physical disability; Grounded theory strategies and an
atheoretical framework as viable tools for investigating the process of
adaptation to disability; The proposal of an empirically grounded strategy for
counseling select people with disabilities. Future research needs are also
discussed.
========================================

Title: Psychospirituality will benefit healthcare staff.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Culliford, Larry
Source/Citation: BMJ: British Medical Journal; Vol 324(7352) Jun 2002, England:
British Medical Assn; 2002, 1523-1524
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on an article by D. Double regarding the limits of psychiatry. The current author explores psychospirituality as aimed at bringing about a synthesis of psychiatry and antipsychiatry. A special interest group within the Royal College of Psychiatrists which is examining the relevance of spirituality (as
distinguished from religion) in mental health care is discussed.
========================================

Title: Mastery over stress among women with HIV/AIDS.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gray, Jennifer; Cason, Carolyn L.
Author Affiliation: U Texas, School of Nursing, Arlington, TX, US
Source/Citation: JANAC: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care; Vol
13(4) Jul-Aug 2002, US: Sage Publications; 2002, 43-57
Abstract/Review/Citation: Explored the relationships between stressors,
resources for managing stress, and mastery over stress in 80 HIV-positive
women. Ss completed a packet of research instruments that measured the
stressors of perceived stress intensity, interpersonal conflict, and severity
of illness; the resources of social support, support networks, and spiritual
perspective; and the outcome of mastery over stress. Ss reported high levels
of social support, spiritual perspective, interpersonal conflict, and
perceived stress intensity. 29 Ss (36%) had achieved mastery over stress.
Mastery over stress was significantly and positively correlated with social
support, spiritual perspective, and physical functioning, a measure of
severity of illness. Mastery over stress was significantly and negatively
correlated with interpersonal conflict. Social support and spiritual
perspective were predictors of mastery over stress. Stress management
training, especially related to interpersonal conflict, may be an effective
intervention to facilitate mastery. Other potential interventions include
assessing social support and spiritual perspective, discussing the potential
benefit of these resources, and making referrals for psychosocial services as
needed.
========================================

Title: The role of faith in the development of an integrated identity: A
qualitative study of Black students at a White college.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Stewart, Dafina Lazarus
Source/Citation: Journal of College Student Development: Special Issue:
Qualitative research.; Vol 43(4) Jul-Aug 2002, US: ACPA Executive Office;
2002, 579-596
Abstract/Review/Citation: Using phenomenology and portraiture as a framework,
the awareness and integration of multiple sociocultural identities, such as
race, class, and gender, were investigated in the experiences of 5 Black
students at a predominantly White college. This article focuses on the
particular findings concerning the role of faith and spirituality in this
development.
========================================

Title: Using the H.I.S. model in counseling African-American men.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Madison-Colmore, Octavia; Moore, James L. 33
Author Affiliation: U South Carolina, Counselor Education Program, Columbia, SC,
US
Source/Citation: Journal of Men's Studies; Vol 10(2) Win 2002, US: Mens Studies
Press; 2002, 197-208
Abstract/Review/Citation: The H.I.S. (History, Identity, and Spirituality) model
is a 3-step approach to working with African-American men. Information from
both the Biopsychosocial and the Affirmation models forms the basis of the
H.I.S. model. However, this conceptual framework takes on a more holistic
approach, incorporating universal concepts that are essential to effective
counseling. The case of a 24-yr-old African American male is presented.
Although the model has not been empirically tested, the implications are
believed to be helpful for practicing counselors.
========================================

Title: Indigenous people policing indigenous people: The potential psychological
and cultural costs.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gould, Larry A.
Source/Citation: Social Science Journal; Vol 39(2) 2002, US: Elsevier Science;
2002, 171-188
Abstract/Review/Citation: Reports on the link between feelings of spirituality
and how Navajo police officers tend to enforce European-based law. Previous
research suggests a link between the officers' depth of feeling of
spirituality and the officers' attitude toward effectiveness of traditional
methods of social control. This research goes a step further and examines the
impact of cultural dissonance on the stressors faced by Navajo police
officers. The enforcement behavior of the officers was used as a proxy for the
intensity of their feelings concerning the usefulness of traditional vs
European-based social control; the underlying assumption tested is that
self-determination is not only a state of law but a state of psychological
being. A snowball method of sample development was used to select officers for
interviews. Findings suggest that the officers' feeling of spiritual
connectedness to his/her culture is inversely related to the strictness of the
enforcement of European-based laws. Findings also suggest Navajo officers
faced additional stressors that are specific to indigenous officers policing
in indigenous communities.
========================================

Title: Women's stories:  Spiritual journeys to her self.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gordon, Carolyn Hearn
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(11-A) Jun 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3962
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study focused on understanding from a
phenomenological perspective what contributes to a woman's understanding and
appreciation of herself and the meanings created by her life, as it is related
to the individuation process, posited to be synonymous with spiritual
development. It begins with the researcher's autobiographical account of her
own process. Ten co-researchers ranging in age from thirty-nine to
seventy-seven years were interviewed on two occasions regarding their
spiritual histories. A working definition of spirituality was not provided but  left open to their interpretation. A composite definition evolved from the
women's personal definitions and experiential process of the subject is:
'Spirituality is the belief in a Divine Source of all creation and the
interconnectedness of everything. It is an inner experience of the Divine
expressed in the creative, loving and purposive way one lives one's life.' 
Data supported seven commonalities as emerging across the life cycle from
childhood through adulthood. They were: (1) The spiritual journey began in
childhood; (2) Identity formation evolved over time; (3) Motherhood and daily
activities were often experienced as sacred moments; (4) A Heroine's Journey
is a process of refining the definition of one's self and includes becoming
the subject of one's life, not only the object of another's; (5) The concept
of God included the Divine Feminine; (6) The journey was always toward
wholeness; and (7) Their lives portrayed belief in a divine source of all
creation, interconnectedness, and the discovery of the Self. Identity
formation evolved over time from society's definition of one's self in
childhood and young adulthood based on roles, to one's own definition of who I
am at mid-life based on recognition of one's individual talents and
uniqueness, to a Transpersonal definition of the Self, in relation to the
Divine and one's being as an integral part of the whole of the universe.
Theoretically, the stories support Jung's concept of individuation, Maslow's
self-actualizing theory, and Huxley's Perennial Philosophy. The women ascribe
to the belief that God is as close to us as our own inner creative process. A
creative synthesis, utilizing Guided Imagery and Music, illustrated the
transpersonal nature of the process as both the journey and the goal.
========================================

Title: Lived experiences that impede or facilitate sexual pleasure and orgasm in
people with spinal cord injury.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tepper, Mitchell Steven
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(11-A) Jun 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3706
Abstract/Review/Citation: There is a dearth of literature on pleasure and orgasm
in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Much of the orgasm literature rules
out the possibility of 'real' orgasm for this population. Recent
neurophysiological studies confirm orgasm in women with SCI but do not explain
why some people with SCI experience pleasure and orgasm while others do not.
This study explored the problem of pleasure and orgasm by focusing on learning
and lived experience of sex before and after injury, and by comparing sexual
knowledge, sexual attitudes, and sexual self-esteem among participants. A
purposive sample of 28 men and 19 women with SCI filled out a set of sexuality
questionnaires. Of the total group, 24 experienced orgasm since injury and 23
never experienced orgasm since injury. Twenty-two of the participants, 12 men
and 10 women, also participated in open-ended interviews. The research design
was grounded in existential phenomenology and incorporated qualitative and
quantitative methods.  There were no significant differences in sexual
information or sexual attitudes as measured on the Derogatis Sexual
Functioning Inventory. Participants who experienced orgasm reported
significantly greater years since injury and scored higher on sexual-esteem
than those who did not. Emergent themes from the qualitative analysis included
sexual response as 'not the same' after injury, concerns about being sexual in
the 'normal' way, and masturbation as 'pointless' leading to the conclusion
'why bother.' There was also an expressed 'need to be with a partner' for safe
sexual exploration and to access optimal sexual pleasure and orgasm. A
distinction was made between types of orgasms.  The results led to the theory
that the ability to experience orgasm in SCI is the culmination of a process
of sexual self-discovery that is reflective of its pattern or expression
before injury within the dominant sexual culture. Implications for
rehabilitation professionals, people with SCI, DSM IV (American Psychiatric
Association, 1994), sexology, and spirituality are considered.
========================================

Title: An application of the sociocultural theory of lev vygotsky to group
interaction and change in the meaning of spiritual concepts in spiritual life
of the minister groups at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ashley, Don Keith
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(11-A) Jun 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 3686
Abstract/Review/Citation: Problems. Problem one was to determine the
relationship between the meaning seminary students ascribe to the concepts
addressed in spiritual formation groups and a set of predictor variables:
group member activity, connectedness, and the prestige of the facilitator.
Problem two was to determine the difference between the meaning seminary
students ascribe to key concepts addressed in spiritual formation groups and
the meaning seminary students not involved in these groups attribute to the
same concepts.  Procedures. Group facilitators administered a semantic
differential survey covering the concepts addressed in groups to 454
first-year seminary students. This instrument was administered in a pretest in
August 2000 and a post-test in April 2001. A sociometric survey was
administered during the post-test in April 2001. Of students who submitted
semantic differential surveys, 70.3 percent met the criteria to be included in
the analysis. Complete sociometric data was submitted by 73.1 percent of
groups. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the significance of the
predictor variables on change in semantic differential scores from pretest to
post-test. The one-sample t-test was used to test the significance of the
difference between students who participated in groups and a baseline sample
of 47 students who were not in these groups. Findings and conclusions.
Statistical analysis for problem one revealed no significant predictors of the
change in semantic differential scores. Statistical analysis for problem two
revealed the power of prayer, ministry, and fellowship all increased
significantly while the evaluative dimension of missions decreased
significantly. Additional statistical analysis revealed volunteer facilitators
groups had significantly better attitudes toward the concepts studied than
facilitators who were required to lead groups.
========================================

Title: The power of the drum: A multi-cultural journey into spiritual
transformations and mind-body healing experiences by eight professional women
drummers.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lounsberry, Joyce Beverly
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(11-B) Jun 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 5381
Abstract/Review/Citation: This qualitative research study examined how drumming
is perceived to affect spiritual awareness and explored its physical, mental,
and emotional accompaniments. Eight women representing various cultures
(Brazilian, Germanic, Iranian, Jamaican, Japanese, Jewish, Korean, Native
American, Siberian, and West African), with 9 to 25 years of professional
drumming, told of 1 or more spiritual and mind-body healing experiences
induced by the power of the drum. Using the case study method informed by
organic and feminist approaches, data were collected by a 32-item
questionnaire, individual 2-hour in-depth interviews, and a professional video
of the coresearcher observation group gathering. A thematic analysis indicated
all 8 coresearchers were influenced by the call of the drum, the power of the
drum, transformative changes, spirituality, healing, altered states, cultural
aspects, and community. Five coresearchers experienced sexual awareness from
playing the drum, while only 4 commented about gender issues pertaining to
being a woman drummer. The literature review was substantiated by findings of
psychospiritual experiences that complemented psychophysiological and
psychosocial effects of drumming through identification with ancestral roots,
generating altered states of consciousness, and connection with spiritual
realms. In the world's oldest cultures drumming of rhythms is linked with
spirituality and healing. As we blend modern science with the principles of
ancient spiritual and healing systems, we find validity in how and why these
methods are used in other cultures and traditions. A universally identified
psychosocial theme was the sense of developing a new tradition while honoring
the old ones through combining rhythmic ancestral patterns with those of
modern society. This study suggests that the drum is a universal tool capable
of initiating and contributing to healing and transformative change throughout
and among all world cultures.
========================================

Title: Religion, spirituality and coping in individuals with prior exposure to
trauma.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sewell, Kenneth Bates
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(11-B) Jun 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 5391
Abstract/Review/Citation: The current study examined the impact of religious and
spiritual coping techniques, religious attitudes, and cognitive processing
deficits on measures of psychological distress and well being in individuals
with prior exposure to trauma and extreme stressors. Previous research has
found that the use of religious and spiritual coping techniques is often
related to improved psychological functioning above and beyond that accounted
for by the use of traditional coping strategies. The present study expands on
prior research by examining the combined predictive utility of several
different measures of spirituality and religion in a heterogeneous sample of
persons with prior trauma exposure, and by evaluating the role of cognitive
processing deficits in a sample with widely varying histories of prior trauma
exposure. Ninety-six college students with prior exposure to a traumatic event
were recruited from several undergraduate psychology classes, and asked to
complete questionnaires assessing demographic variables, trauma exposure,
coping, religious and spiritual attitudes and behaviors, psychological
well-being, and distress. Thirty-four of the original 96 participants
completed a modified Stroop task to assess cognitive interference to 'threat'
words.  Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that spiritual
and intrinsic religious variables were generally the best predictors of
well-being, distress, and resilience. Negative religious coping and intrinsic
religiousness were also significant predictors of psychological distress.
Significantly greater response latencies and processing interference were
found in the threat-word condition of the Stroop task.  The findings from the
current study are consistent with the extant literature and clearly support
the utility of spiritual and religious variables for predicting both
well-being and distress. In addition, the computed resilience score appears to
have promise for evaluating an individual's response to trauma.
========================================

Title: Examining the contribution of ethnic attitudes, collective self-esteem,
and spirituality to delinquent behavioral outcomes among Cambodian
adolescents:  An ex\ploratory study.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ko, Susanna Jean
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(11-B) Jun 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 5379
Abstract/Review/Citation: This exploratory study examined how cultural variables
(i.e., ethnic attitudes, collective self-esteem, and spirituality) added to
the prediction of delinquent behavioral outcomes for a sample of 72 Cambodian1
adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 years. These factors were considered
alongside risk factors (i.e., family relations, parental supervision, peer
relationships, school experience, neighborhood safety, and view of opportunity
structure) that have been correlated with delinquency in previous studies
(Battistich & Hom, 1997; Coulton, Korbin, & Su, 1996; Jang &
Smith, 1997; Oyserman & Saltz, 1993; Spoth, Yoo, Kahn, & Redmond,
1996). Four hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regressions and analyses
of variance: (1) Similar to majority youth, higher levels of delinquency
(i.e., engaging in a higher number of delinquent activities) are associated
with a higher level of family conflict, a lower level of parental supervision,
lower level of peer refusal skills, a more negative school experience, higher
perception of neighborhoods as unsafe, and a more negative view of opportunity
among Cambodian youth. (2) Insular ethnic attitudes, low collective
self-esteem, and lower spirituality are negatively associated with level of
delinquency among Cambodian youth. (3) The inclusion of culturally relevant
variables (i.e. ethnic attitudes, collective self-esteem, and spirituality)
with those variables traditionally associated with the prediction of
delinquency (i.e., family relations, parental supervision, peer refusal
skills, school experience, neighborhood safety, and view of opportunity)
better predict delinquent behaviors among Cambodian youth than when
considering traditional variables alone. (4) Given the hierarchical ordering
of gender and role relationships in Cambodian culture, males and females
differ in the constellation of risk factors that are related to delinquent
behavioral outcomes. Participants were asked to complete self-report measures
of demographic information, ethnic attitudes, collective self-esteem, family
relations, parental supervision, peer refusal skills, school experience,
neighborhood safety, spirituality, view of opportunity/goals, and delinquent
behaviors. Results indicated some support for all study hypotheses.
Implications for future research and interventions are discussed. 
'Cambodian' ethnicity encompassed any individual with at least partial
Cambodian ethnic heritage.
========================================

Title: Individual differences in posttraumatic growth following bone marrow
transplantation.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Widows, Michelle Renee
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(11-B) Jun 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 5398
Abstract/Review/Citation: Prior research suggests that the diagnosis and
treatment of cancer can result in the experience of positive outcomes, or
positive growth. Based on Schaefer and Moos' (1992) model of adaptation of
life crises, the current study examined the predictive utility of personality
traits, coping, and social support in accounting for variability in
posttraumatic growth and whether trauma appraisals, social constraint, and
mental health were associated with the degree of posttraumatic growth in
cancer patients who had undergone bone marrow transplantation. Participants
were 53 females and 19 males treated with BMT an average of 24 months
previously. Qualitative reports of posttraumatic growth were assessed through
a structured clinical interview. Quantitative reports of posttraumatic growth
and other psychosocial variables were assessed using standardized self-report
measures. Results indicated that 97% of BMT recipients reported at least one
positive outcome associated with their cancer and its treatment, with
participants reporting an average of four positive changes. Univariate
analyses confirmed predictions that increased posttraumatic growth would be
associated with more negative appraisals of the hospitalization for BMT and
greater use of approach-based coping strategies. Exploratory univariate
analyses also indicated that increased posttraumatic growth was also
associated with increased spirituality, decreased depression, a more
negatively biased recollection of pre-transplant psychological distress,
younger age, and less education (p's le; .05). Regression analyses indicated
that appraisal of emotional distress during transplant and pre-BMT avoidant
coping accounted for significant (p le; .05) variability in posttraumatic
growth scores above and beyond relevant demographic and medical variables.
Results of the current study provide preliminary evidence of the occurrence of
posttraumatic growth among patients treated for cancer and the relationship
between psychosocial variables and post-traumatic growth. These findings
highlight the need for further studies in this area and possible interventions
aimed at facilitating post-traumatic growth.
========================================

Title: Cultivating the self:  Therapeutic and social purposes of retreats in
Japan.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lewellen, Tracy Lee
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(11-B) Jun 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International;
2002, 5409
Abstract/Review/Citation: By analyzing the therapeutic and social purposes of
Japanese spiritual retreats, this paper presents an examination of the ongoing
discourse between individualistic and relational aspects of self. It is argued
that Confucian and Buddhist ideologies contribute to a unique synergy of
social embeddedness and personal responsibility inherent in Japanese ideals of
selfhood. These belief systems, and their endurance or modification via
ongoing contact with the West, form the crux of this inquiry into the
expression and experience of selfhood in Japan.  The literature reviewed is
interdisciplinary, drawing from psychology, anthropology, sociology,
philosophy, and literature. With close attention to historical context, each
category frames the investigation of retreat ideologies and techniques.
Examples drawn from Morita and naikan psychotherapy supplement the data
provided by the retreat ethnographies.  The study offers an alternative to the
ideals of autonomous individualism found in many Western psychotherapeutic
models. It is argued that insight into Japanese notions of an ideal or moral
self will broaden clinical perspectives regarding how the self may be
experienced. In particular, the concept of a transcendental relational self is
considered. This concept involves an expansion of the self to one which is
highly concerned with human relationships while also committed to more
transcendent views extending beyond this-worldly or socially-prescribed
structures.
========================================

Title: The influence of spiritual "meaning-making" on career behavior.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lips-Wiersma, Marjolein
Source/Citation: Journal of Management Development; Vol 21(7) 2002, England: MCB
Univ Press; 2002, 497 - 520
Abstract/Review/Citation: Presents the results of a participative
psycho-biographical study that investigated the effect of spirituality on
career behavior. Interviewees were 16 adults (aged 40-50 yrs). This study
shows that spirituality influences career purpose, sense-making and coherence.
Spirituality was found to inspire 4 purposes of "developing and becoming
self", "unity with others", "expressing self", and "serving others". Spirituality was also found to influence an ongoing process of sense-making through discovering, prioritizing and balancing the 4 purposes over a lifespan, in response to ongoing tensions  between "being" and "doing" as well as "self- vs  other-orientation". Spirituality furthermore influences perceived career-coherence as individuals align their careers with perceived spiritual orderings outside of themselves. The paper concludes with suggestions for
practice and future research.
========================================

Title: Do patients expect psychiatrists to be interested in spiritual issues?
Author(s)/Editor(s): D'Souza, Russell
Source/Citation: Australasian Psychiatry; Vol 10(1) Mar 2002, Australia:
Blackwell Science Asia; 2002, 44-47
Abstract/Review/Citation: Reports on a pilot study surveying the spiritual
attitudes and needs of patients with a psychiatric illness at the Centre of
Excellence in Remote and Rural Psychological Medicine, Broken Hill Base
Hospital, NSW. A questionnaire consisting of 6 questions was completed by 79
patients (aged 17-71 yrs). It was found that 79% of the patients rated
spirituality as very important and 82% thought their therapists should be
aware of their spiritual beliefs and needs. 69% of the patients reported that
patients spiritual needs should be considered by the therapist in treating
their psychological illness and 67% said that their spirituality helped them
cope with their psychological pain. The majority of patients said spirituality
was important to them and that they wanted their therapist to take their
spiritual needs into consideration in the assessment and management of their
illness.
========================================

Title: Quest and identity development: Re-examining pathways for existential
search.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Klaassen, Derrick W.; McDonald, Marvin J.
Author Affiliation: Trinity Western U, Counselling Psychology Program, Langley,
BC, Canada
Source/Citation: International Journal for the Psychology of Religion; Vol 12(3)
Jul 2002, US: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002, 189-200
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article examines key assumptions underlying quest
as a mature religious orientation rooted in existential struggles. Quest is
posited by C. D. Batson and his colleagues to be an inherently meaningful
search in the face of life's challenges. Moreover, Quest is seen to operate
across the lifespan independently of the developmental search for identity.
Accordingly, quest's relationships with key variables should be mediated by
personal meaning but not by identity development. P. T. P. Wong's Personal
Meaning Profile and G. R. Adams's Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity
Status were used to explore mediation of the relationship between quest (as
measured by the Quest scale) and spiritual well-being (as measured by the
Spiritual Well-Being Scale [SWBS]). The Quest-SWBS relation was partially
mediated by personal meaning and identity development in a sample of 160
Christian university students (aged 18-25 yrs). These results and their
implications for quest are discussed in light of J. E. Marcia's identity
status theory and Wong's model of personal meaning.
========================================

Title: Development of the Spiritual Transcendence Index.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Seidlitz, Larry; Abernethy, Alexis D.; Duberstein, Paul R.; Evinger, James S.; Chang, Theresa H.; Lewis, Bar'bara L.
Author Affiliation: Fuller Theological Seminary, Graduate School of Psychology,
Pasadena, CA, US U Rochester Medical Ctr, Rochester, NY, US U Rochester
Medical Ctr, School of Nursing, Dept of Medical Humanities, Rochester, NY, US
U Rochester, Rochester, US
Source/Citation: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion; Vol 41(3) Sep
2002, US: Blackwell Publishers; 2002, 439-453
Abstract/Review/Citation: In response to calls from the scientific community for
improved conceptualizations and measures of spirituality, this study describes
the concept of "spiritual transcendence" and the development of the
Spiritual Transcendence Index (STI). Spiritual transcendence refers to a
perceived experience of the sacred that affects one's self-perception,
feelings, goals, and ability to transcend one's difficulties. The STI is an
eight-item measure of this construct developed and refined based on rational
considerations, input from three focus groups, (at least 18 years of age) of
religious leaders, and a reciprocal process of empirically testing the item
pool and revising it across six successive surveys. The final scale, together
with measures of related constructs, was tested in 220 randomly selected
community residents. Although further study of the scale is needed, the STI
demonstrated high consistency and validity across several samples in these
initial exploratory studies.
========================================

Title: Pathways to long-term recovery from alcohol dependence: Comparison of
spontaneous remitters and AA members.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kubicek, Kenneth R.; Morgan, Oliver J.; Morrison, Nancy C.
Author Affiliation: U Scranton, Scranton, PA, US St Louis U, St Louis, MO, US
Source/Citation: Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly; Vol 20(2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 71-81
Abstract/Review/Citation: This descriptive qualitative pilot study explored like
attributes of successful recovery among 13 alcoholics (8 women and 5 men, aged
33-68 yrs) with six or more years of continuous sobriety. Seven subjects were
current members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Six subjects were spontaneous
remitters (SA) chosen through convenience sampling techniques; these persons
achieved and maintain stable, long-term recovery without the assistance of a
support group. Open-ended questions about attributes that contribute to
successful recovery were posed to these participants. Common attributes and
themes were identified as these recovering alcoholics: utilized the help of
supportive people, accepted help from God or a Higher Power, had a strong
desire to get well, strove to be honest with self and built self confidence,
and remembered the negative consequences of their past alcohol abuse.
Implications for treatment and further research are suggested. The spiritual
attributes listed by both groups of participants as important for successful
recovery are noted.
========================================

Title: Enhancing family therapy with analytical psychology.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hill, E. Wayne
Source/Citation: Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal; Vol
24(3) Sep 2002, US: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002, 437-456
Abstract/Review/Citation: In a postmodern era of changing values and competing
world views this article suggests that analytical psychology can enter the
epistemological debate and speak to contemporary family therapy. Key concepts
and contributions are examined and highlighted with an emphasis on their
relevance for enhancing the field of family therapy. Individuation is
discussed in light of Jung's analytical treatment stages, which include
confession, explanation, education, and transformation. The relevance for
family therapy is illustrated throughout the article as each treatment stage
is explicated. Jung's emphasis on the spiritual is also discussed with
implications for the importance of recognizing and attending to issues of
spirituality in family therapy.
========================================

Title: The sanctification of dreams: Prevalence and implications.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Phillips, Russell E. 33; Pargament, Kenneth I.
Author Affiliation: Bowling Green State U, Psychology Dept, Bowling Green, OH, US
Source/Citation: Dreaming: Journal of the Association for the Study of Dreams;
Vol 12(3) Sep 2002, US: Kluwer Academic; 2002, 141-153
Abstract/Review/Citation: Many scientists and practitioners have debated about
the function of dreams. Though some researchers have described dreams as
purposeless random neuronal firings, others have suggested that dreams serve
an adaptive function with certain dream characteristics having positive
implications. Drawing on other studies of sanctification, this study examines
whether imbuing a dream with qualities of the sacred relates to beneficial
outcomes. An examination of a college student sample of 168 found that the
more sacred the dream was perceived, the more beneficial the outcome reported
from a stressful life event which related to the dream. These outcomes include
less negative affect and more positive affect, psychological and spiritual
growth. Sanctification of dreams predicted these outcome variables over and
above other religious measures as well as dream measures. The implications of
these findings are discussed.
========================================

Title: Introduction: Attaining a new stage.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Commons, Michael Lamport
Source/Citation: Journal of Adult Development; Vol 9(3) Jul 2002, US: Kluwer
Academic; 2002, 155-157
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article introduces the reader to the special
issue. The articles in this issue address one of the threads of adult
development, namely stage and stage change. There are four major forms of
adult developmental study that can be identified: positive adult development,
directionless change, stasis, and decline. The first of the four forms,
positive adult developmental processes, is divided into at least six areas of
study: hierarchical complexity (orders, stages), knowledge, experience,
expertise, wisdom, and spirituality. The topic of this special issue, stage
and stage change, is therefore part of the study of positive adult
developmental processes. Finally, the manner in which these topics are studied
both in this special issue and elsewhere can be characterized in terms of
three broad classifications for the acquisition of knowledge and the
verification of truth in general. These classifications include analytic,
experiential, and empirical means to reach truth.
========================================

Title: Religious psychiatry: The Canadian experience.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Baetz, Marilyn; Larson, David B.; Marcoux, Gene; Jokic, Ruzica; Bowen, Rudy
Author Affiliation: U Saskatchewan, Dept of Psychiatry, Saskatoon, SK, Canada U
Saskatchewan, Dept of Psychiatry, Saskatoon, SK, Canada U Saskatchewan, Dept
of Psychiatry, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Source/Citation: Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease; Vol 190(8) Aug 2002,
US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002, 557-558
Abstract/Review/Citation: This survey examined a group of religious
psychiatrists practicing in Canada. It assessed their views about the
spiritual dimension in their patient's lives, and to what extent they might
utilize different clinical approaches for those who do (or do not) identify
their spiritual beliefs as important. 35 members of the Christian Medical and
Dental Society responded. The use of the Bible for guidance and prayer by the
patient was considered a relevant part of therapy for believing patients, but
was not recommended to the exclusion of medication or insight-oriented
psychotherapy. The psychiatrists were more likely to recommend Bible reading
and prayer as adjuncts to traditional treatments for patients of like faith.
Bible and prayer were perceived as more useful when medication was not
effective. 80% of the psychiatrists regularly make spiritual inquiry, and most
felt that religion helped make them to be more caring.
========================================

Title: Family abuse and the Bible:  The scriptural perspective.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Cassiday-Shaw, Aimee K.
Source/Citation: New York, NY, US: Haworth Press, Inc.; 2002, (xii, 144)
Abstract/Review/Citation: This book is intended to guide and offer hope to
Christian women in abusive relationships. According to the author, it aims to
show that abuse is not the will of God and that submission to violence may be
giving in to demonic forces. The author believes that the information/tools in
this book may free Christian women from abuse, while leaving them with an
intact source of strength in their faith.
Notes/Comments: Foreword [by] Catherine Clark Kroeger Preface Section I: God's design for family relationships The roles of marriage: Headship and submission The nature of woman: Woman as the vulnerable partner The nature of man: Man as the responsible partner God's design for parenthood: Spare not the rod The child's role: The fifth commandment Section II: The enemy in our relationships The root of the war Satan's plan: Spiritual warfare on the homefront Satan's strategies, character, and nature Section III: Manifestations of demonic influence: The hard truth about family violence
Some facts about domestic violence: Till death do us part? The five types of
abuse Demonic possession and oppression The abusive spouse: Why abuse
continues The abused spouse: Spiritual justifications for abuse Section IV:
God's plans and instructions for a troubled relationship Spiritual armor The
accountability of the abuser: Repentance and forgiveness The accountability of
the abused: Accepting leadership The believer and divorce Rewards of
faithfulness: The redemption of Ruth References Additional resources
Suggesting reading Index God; Christian women; abusive relationships; demonic
forces; violence; faith; scripture
========================================

Title: Ethical considerations in the integration of religion and psychotherapy:
Three perspectives.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lomax, James W. 22; Karff, Samuel; McKenny, Gerald P.
Author Affiliation: U Texas Health Science Ctr, Houston, TX, US U Notre Dame,
Dept of Theology, Notre Dame, IN, US
Source/Citation: Psychiatric Clinics of North America; Vol 25(3) Sep 2002, US:
WB Saunders; 2002, 547-559
Abstract/Review/Citation: The past decade has seen a huge increase in interest
about the relationship of spirituality and religion to healing and health. At
both medical student and resident levels, physicians are encouraged to include
an understanding of their patients' religious and spiritual lives in their
efforts to assess and treat them comprehensively. Although the 3 authors
endorse this new trend in medical education and healthcare, they caution that
imbalance of power and the force of transferential phenomena in the
physician-patient relationship necessitate that special care be given when
integrating materials about a patient's religious or spiritual life into
healthcare interventions of all sorts and, particularly into psychotherapeutic
relationships. This article offers ethical, psychodynamic, and spiritual
perspectives to physicians attempting to integrate religious content into
psychotherapeutic relationships.
========================================

Title: The personal and social correlates of spiritual well-being among primary
school teachers.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Fisher, John W.; Francis, Leslie J.; Johnson, Peter
Author Affiliation: U Wales, Welsh National Ctr for Religious Education, Bangor,
Wales U Wales, Welsh National Ctr for Religious Education, Bangor, Wales
Source/Citation: Pastoral Psychology; Vol 51(1) Sep 2002, US: Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002, 3-11
Abstract/Review/Citation: A sample of 311 primary school teacher, (of whom 28%
were under 41 yrs of age; 50% were between 41 and 50 yrs; 22% were between 51
and 60 yrs; and 10% were over the age of 60 yrs), completed the Spiritual
Health in Four Domains Index alongside the abbreviated revised Eysenck
Personality Questionnaire and measures of religiosity. The data demonstrates
that higher levels of spiritual health are found among older teachers who
record low scores on the psychoticism scale and who practice religious faith
through church attendance and personal prayer.
========================================

Title: Resisting plateauing:  An exploratory study of teacher resiliency in four
veteran secondary teachers.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ahrens, Patricia
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities
& Social Sciences; Vol 62(12-A) 2002, US: University Microfilms
International; 2002, 4038
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to
describe and interpret the lived career experiences of four veteran secondary
teachers and their ability to resist plateauing. The four teachers represented
the disciplines of science, English, social studies, and family and consumer
sciences at the junior high and senior high level. They were chosen to
participate in this study based on the information provided by key informants.
The key informants described these teachers as being educators who were
enthusiastic about their work and continued to grow as professionals.
Qualitative research was utilized as the means to investigate and depict the
meanings these teachers attached to their career experiences. The procedure of
inquiry employed in this study was an analysis of three in-depth
phenomenological interviews for each participant.  Through the analysis of the
interview data themes emerged for each participant. They included affirmation,
autonomy, change, collegiality, leadership, professional development,
resiliency traits, spirituality, support systems, and workload. The data were
then looked at across the cases and the teachers where compared and contrasted
in the following areas: (a) career cycles, (b) affirmation, (c) leadership,
(d) support systems, (e) workload, (f) resiliency traits, and (g) how they
each differed. Seven assertions were amassed from this study. First, the
career cycles of these teachers were recursive and not linear in nature. The
teachers' personal and organizational environments influenced their movements
in and out of the various career stages. Second, affirmation, in the form of
being assigned important organizational tasks, enhanced the enthusiasm of
these teachers. Third, the leadership these teachers encountered impacted
their enthusiasm and professional growth. When they felt trusted and when they
were given more professional autonomy, their enthusiasm rose and they grew
professionally. When they felt controlled, their enthusiasm waned. Fourth,
interactions with colleagues promoted professional growth and enhanced their
enthusiasm. Having the chance to interact with colleagues decreased their
feelings of isolation, and increased their professional growth. Fifth, the
teachers' individual support systems played a vital role in their abilities to
 bounce back from their career frustrations. All four teachers found ways to
affirm and validate themselves as professionals. Sixth, their workload
impacted their enthusiasm. When the teachers perceived themselves to be
overwhelmed by their workload, their enthusiasm for teaching decreased.
Seventh, resiliency traits aided these teachers when they were faced with
adversity. All four teachers possessed many of the resiliency characteristics
discussed in the empirical which they drew upon during the difficult periods
during their careers.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and couples therapy:  Ethnographic perspectives from therapy
experiences.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Coffey, Adam Daniel
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(12-B) 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International; 2002,
5957
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this study was to examine couples' and
practitioners' perspectives on spirituality in couples therapy, which
perspectives may inform practitioners, educators, and researchers in their
professional activities. Using ethnography as the data-collection method, the
investigator interviewed 12 participants (i.e., 3 couples and 6 practitioners)
regarding their individual and collective therapy experiences. Participants
co-created the interviews from four research and 13 interview questions. 
Results revealed the following data: Spirituality related to couples therapy
through (a) perceptions held by practitioners, (b) experiences noted by
couples, and (c) open exchanges among participants. With the exception of one
couple, all participants viewed spirituality as central to their therapeutic
experiences. Additionally, all participants identified spirituality as
additive to the process and outcome of their practice or experiences in
couples therapy. In conclusion, recognizing spirituality both implicitly and
explicitly while working with couples improves therapeutic quality.
========================================

Title: Spirituality as a multicultural consideration: Implications for practice
and training.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Martin-Causey, Tamara
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(12-B) 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International; 2002,
5972
Abstract/Review/Citation: Psychology and religion share a long history in the
understanding of human behavior. It is only recently with the advent of the
scientific revolution that the two were split with psychology being the domain
of an objectified, measured science and religion being the domain of
philosophy. As the field becomes more aware of multicultural issues and how to
provide services from this perspective, spirituality/religiosity is becoming
more of an issue. Psychologists and clients are realizing its importance in
the therapeutic process although there is not a clear understanding of how to
incorporate this into treatment. Some research indicates that psychologists
are not as spiritual or religious as their clients and some research questions
the validity of such claims due to the constructs used. Research in this area
is relatively new. The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported
differences between primarily academic and primarily practicing psychologists
in terms of their level of spirituality, willingness to introduce the topic of
spirituality/religiosity and willingness to talk about this topic if the
client introduces it. The variables age, years of experience, ethnicity, and
gender were also correlated with the above variables. Results from the
Spirituality Assessment Scale, INSPIRIT, and the I/E-Revised were examined to
determine if they were measuring the same construct.  Results show an
interesting trend among counseling psychologists in that psychologists appear
to be embracing more eastern traditions at a greater rate than the general
public. This research indicates that gender, ethnicity, age and years of work
experience and type of work setting were not predictors of the psychologist's
willingness to introduce the topic of spirituality into the session or either
talk about spirituality if the client introduces it. There was no difference
between primarily academic and primarily practicing psychologists level of
spirituality as assessed by the Spirituality Assessment Scale. Primarily
practicing psychologists and primarily academic psychologists expressing
higher levels of spirituality were more willing to introduce the topic of
spirituality and talk about the topic when the client introduces it when
measured by the SAS and INSPIRIT.  The SAS and the INSPIRIT are highly
correlated. Both instruments measure the construct of spirituality as a
separate construct from religiosity. However, psychologists did not score
higher on the SAS than on the I/E-Revised and Single Item Scales independent
of level of setting as predicted. This makes sense when one considers the
stronger eastern religious influence among psychologists today. The term
religion appears to not have the same negative connotation as it once did.
This may be due to participants being more willing to consider themselves
religious when possessing a non-traditional, non-Western religious belief
system.
========================================

Title: The lived experience of personal and spiritual integration through a
process of transpersonal psychoanalysis.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Piraino, Jan L.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(12-B) 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International; 2002,
5976
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of my study was to describe the lived
experience of personal and spiritual integration while individuals are engaged
in a process of transpersonal psychoanalysis. I used a recursive
hermeneutic-phenomenological model of qualitative research to investigate the
experience from the perspective of the participants. The participants were
self-selected from my clinical transpersonal psychoanalytical practice. My
objective was to capture a 'thick' description of the experience. Each
participant collaborated in the construction of a personal narrative
reflecting his or her own individual experiences. I described the aggregate
experience in a text based on a thematic analysis of the common themes and
unique aspects that emerged from two open-ended interviews and from a journal
on tape with each participant. I used a multiple narrative design (5
narratives) as the primary source of data and analyzed the data in 2 distinct
stages. The descriptive phase includes a description of the participants'
lived experiences. The interpretive text consists of the integration of the
findings. The result of the cross narrative analysis was the discovery of 6
major themes, 3 minor themes and 3 additional aspects of significant but
lesser scope.  I found that the lived experiences of personal and spiritual
integration while individuals are engaged in a process of transpersonal
psychoanalysis (a) were conducted within 2 general states of waking
consciousness simultaneously and were known as internal and external reality;
(b) that the process was accessed through a transpersonal space; (c) that I
maintained the transpersonal space through connection to Spirit; (d) that
growth occurred through a process of energetic interpretation; (e) that this
process facilitated alignment with the authentic self, and that (f) comfort,
safety, acknowledgment, validation and love are essential elements of
Transpersonal Psychoanalysis. In addition, the minor themes included the
presence of the following: (a) separation, limitation and consensus reality,
(b) the bridge, and (c) the leap of faith. Additional aspects were: (a) spirit
guides, (b) guidance, (c) and resonance. In addition, the essential form of
 the lived experience of personal and spiritual integration occurring through a
process of transpersonal psychoanalysis also emerged.  Some participants
suggested that personal and spiritual integration occurring through a process
of transpersonal psychoanalysis does enhance growth, psychological health, and
human wholeness. The implications of this study are that these lived
experiences encourage the blending of both realms of consciousness, yield a
change in the way reality is viewed, support the individual's pursuit of
activities and goals previously unavailable to the individual, and contribute
to deeply felt life experience. In addition, my study uniquely provides for
the practical application and techniques necessary to encourage this journey
on the mystical path of self-discovery.
========================================

Title: Chronic illness in context:  Examining sociocultural factors in women's
experience of lupus .
Author(s)/Editor(s): Zeddies, Andrea Mcbride
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(12-B) 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International; 2002,
5985
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study examines the influences of sociocultural
factors such as gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and emotional
expression as they are related to psychological adjustment and physical
symptomatology of the lupus disease. A major purpose of the study was to find
the voices of women with this disease who have been previously
underrepresented in research, including African American, Latina, and Native
American women. This qualitative investigation consisted of semi-structured
interviews with 14 ethnically diverse women with lupus and participant
observation of two lupus support group meetings. Data collection and analysis
were guided by an interpretive framework, in which primary attention was given
to the meanings the participants ascribed to their experiences as well as my
own interpretations. A feminist grounded theory

  analysis was the primary means
by which the data was evaluated and interpreted. The qualitative analysis was
organized around three main areas of experiential inquiry: (a) the process by
which the women's identity and roles are negotiated and transformed; (b)
issues of power and control that are linked both to self-experience and
experiences in the surrounding social environment; and (c) the nature of
coping and stages involved in the coping process. Other major themes that
emerged in the data included experiences in interfacing with the medical
establishment, negotiating social relationships, ethnic differences with
regard to the expression of emotion, and the role of religion and spirituality
in the healing process. The dissertation advocates an interactionist approach
to the study of health and illness, in which the interplay of mind, body,
emotion, and culture is viewed as crucial to examining women's experience of
lupus. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for theory,
research, and practice as well as for a feminist-hermeneutic ontology which
allows psychology to acknowledge a deeper sense of the historical and social
character of human living.
========================================

Title: Individuation and subtle body:  A commentary on Jung's kundalini seminar
(Carl G. Jung).
Author(s)/Editor(s): Seeman, Gary W.
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(12-B) 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International; 2002,
5947
Abstract/Review/Citation: In 1932, C. G. Jung and J. W. Hauer presented a
seminar series on the psychology of Kundalini yoga. Throughout these lectures,
Jung used Kundalini yoga symbolism to extend the symbolic range of his
analytical psychology. He and Hauer also discussed many concepts from Indian
philosophy. Some of their comments have been criticized for misinterpreting
Kundalini yoga. Others have raised controversy, especially Jung's many
warnings about dangers to Westerners who attempt yoga practices. Using a
dialogic, hermeneutic method, this study compares Jung's commentaries about
Kundalini yoga with a Kundalini yoga practitioner's perspective. To help
bridge these disciplines, it addresses the following research questions: (1)
How does personal transformation guided by analytical psychology resemble or
differ from personal transformation in Kundalini yoga? (2) What controversies
have been raised by Jung's commentaries and interpretations of Kundalini yoga
texts? (3) How did these controversies arise from personal, cultural, and
practice perspectives? (4) Can some of these controversies be settled? (5)
What insights or wisdom does each of these disciplines contribute to the
other?  To answer these questions, the hermeneutic discipline guides the
researcher in exploring the cultural and historical perspectives of analytical
psychology and Kundalini yoga. It identifies issues raised by Jung's critics
and presents the evolution of his psychology and its core concepts throughout
his mature career. A depth of context is created by addressing (a) Jung's
relationship with Indian spirituality, (b) his individuation construct, (c) a
cross-cultural review of subtle body symbolism and its evolution, and (d)
Kundalini yoga as described by practitioners. This study concludes by
presenting findings in response to the research questions and suggesting
topics for other studies, including a survey of current methods for measuring  human bio-fields, and creation of a subtle energy model of psychological
transformation.
========================================

Title: An exploration of the relationship of openness, emotional intelligence,
and spirituality to universal-diverse orientation.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Anderson, Angela Leslie
Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering; Vol 62(12-B) 2002, US: Univ Microfilms International; 2002,
5992
Abstract/Review/Citation: Scope and method of study. The purpose of this study
was to explore the relationship between spirituality, openness to experience,
and emotional intelligence and in particular, their capacity to predict
Universal-Diverse Orientation. This was done within the framework of
Dabrowski's theory of emotional development. Demographic variables including
gender, age, and level of education were also explored. Participants in the
study were 197 undergraduate and 119 graduate students (N = 316) at a
university in the Midwestern United States. All participants completed a
demographic questionnaire, the Miville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale,
the Emotional Intelligence Scale, the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, and the
Spiritual Beliefs and Involvement Scale. Data were analyzed using correlative
analysis and stepwise regression analysis.  Findings and conclusions.
Participants who had higher levels of Openness to Experience, Spirituality,
and Emotional Intelligence scored higher on Universal-Diverse Orientation, a
scale measuring the social attitude of appreciating both similarities and
differences between people. These findings were predicted within Dabrowski's
theory of emotional development which suggests that personality structure
disintegrates between levels of development, with the highest level
approaching universality as described in this study. Thirty-five percent of
the variance in Universal-Diverse Orientation is accounted for by
spirituality, emotional intelligence, and openness to experience. All
variables were significant in the regression formula. Correlation coefficients
between the variables and UDO were .333 for Emotional Intelligence, .533 for
Openness to Experience, and .442 for Spirituality. No statistically
significant findings resulted from tests of the demographic variables. The
study includes applications for teachers, counselors and parents interested in
ways to increase spirituality, emotional intelligence, and openness to
experience.
========================================

Title: Religious participation, spirituality, and coping among African American
college students.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Constantine, Madonna G.;

Wilton, Leo; Gainor, Kathy A.; Lewis, Erica L.
Author Affiliation: Binghamton U, US Montclair State U, Montclair, NJ, US
Columbia U, Teachers Coll, New York, NY, US
Source/Citation: Journal of College Student Development; Vol 43(5) Sep-Oct 2002,
US: ACPA Executive Office; 2002, 605-613
Abstract/Review/Citation: The authors explored the relationships among religious
participation, spirituality, Africultural coping styles, and religious
problem-solving styles in a sample of 144 African American college students
(aged 17-29 yrs). Results revealed that religious participation and
spirituality accounted for significant variance in aspects of Africultural
coping styles and religious problem-solving styles. Implications of the
findings for college and university counseling center personnel are discussed.
========================================

Title: Making space: Spirituality and mental health.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Liebrich, Julie
Source/Citation: Mental Health, Religion & Culture; Vol 5(2) Jul 2002,
United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis/Carfax Publishing; 2002, 143-162
Abstract/Review/Citation: In this lecture, the author puts in a plea--as a
survivor of mental illness--for considering both spirituality and mental
health in terms of the experience of the self. The value of communication,
particularly by sharing experiences via personal stories, is discussed. The
author goes on to contrast communication and control, and to emphasize the
importance of making space in order to accept our own and others'
imperfections and vulnerabilities. Attention is drawn to the work of H. Baruk
(1978, 1998, 1999, 2000). Also discussed is the way in which mental illness
can lead to spiritual progress and ultimately to mental health.
========================================

Title: Beyond dogmatism: The need for closure as related to religion.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Saroglou, Vassilis
Source/Citation: Mental Health, Religion & Culture; Vol 5(2) Jul 2002,
United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis/Carfax Publishing; 2002, 183-194
Abstract/Review/Citation: Hypothesized that religiosity and religious
fundamentalism are positively associated with the need for closure, and this
relationship applies to all facets of the need for closure construct except
decisiveness. 239 university students were administered the Need for Closure
Scale (NFCS), the Religious Fundamentalism Scale, and a 2-dimensional
religiosity scale. Data show that religious fundamentalism was positively
correlated with the total NFCS, preference for order and predictability.
Classic religiosity predicted high need for closure (all facets except
decisiveness). However, spirituality-emotional religion was associated with
low close-mindedness and low decisiveness but still high discomfort with
ambiguity. Discussion includes arguments favoring the usefulness of the need
 for closure construct for understanding many aspects of religious personality
(e.g. dogmatism, authoritarianism, prejudice, multiple conversions,
distinction between permanence in order-closure, and urgency for closure).
========================================

Title: Hellenism and Jewish nationalism: Ambivalence and its ancient roots.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Leoussi, Athena S.; Aberbach, David
Author Affiliation: McGill U, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Source/Citation: Ethnic & Racial Studies; Vol 25(5) Sep 2002, United
Kingdom: Taylor & Francis/Routledge; 2002, 755-777
Abstract/Review/Citation: This essay sketches the ambivalent relationship of
Hebraism and Hellenism from ancient times to the foundation of modern Israel.
It analyses classical Greek influence on the Jewish Enlightenment (the
Haskalah) and modern Jewish nationalism, particularly as reflected in Hebrew
literature. Greece's successful struggle for independence from Ottoman Turkey
in the 1820s showed the early Zionists that an ancient nation could be
resurrected. Also, the ancient Greek ideal of physical education, revived in
nineteenth-century Europe, radically transformed both Christian and Jewish
 attitudes to the body, giving rise to two related movements, "muscular
Christianity" and "muscular Judaism". As the assimilationist
attempts of the Haskalah broke down in the late nineteenth century under the
burden of anti-Semitism and European racial nationalism, "muscular
Judaism" was incorporated into Zionism. Jewish nationalists largely
rejected rabbinic spirituality, nonbelligerence and the disdain for
athleticism which had dominated Jewish life after Rome destroyed the Jewish
state in 70 CE.
========================================

Title: Beyond therapy: Music, spirituality, and health in human experience: A
review of the literature.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lipe, Anne W.
Source/Citation: Journal of Music Therapy; Vol 39(3) Fal 2002, US: American
Music Therapy Assn; 2002, 209-240
Abstract/Review/Citation: In the current healthcare environment, there is a
growing interest in the relationship between spirituality and health. The
connections between music and both medicine and religious experience are
well-established, but little is known about how the musical and spiritual
aspects of human experience work together to influence well-being. A review of
the healthcare literature from 1973-2000 identified 52 published reports on
the topic of music, spirituality, and health. The majority of the papers were
narrative descriptions or case studies, and appear within a variety of
clinical contexts. 52% of the authors were credentialed music therapists.
Examination of the literature indicated that many papers used terms and
concepts associated with both spirituality and health interchangeably, which
might lend support to the basic interconnectedness of these two aspects of
being. The function of music across the literature was explored, and a
transformational model of music experience derived from the literature is
proposed. Based on the findings of the review, several conclusions about the
future role of music in spirituality and health are drawn, and recommendations
for further research are offered.
========================================

Title: Central role of hypothalamic digoxin in conscious perception,
neuroimmunoendocrine integration, and coordination of cellular function:
Relationship to hemispheric dominance.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kurup, Ravi Kumar; Kurup, Parameswara Achutha
Author Affiliation: Metabolic Disorders Research Ctr, Kerala, India
Source/Citation: International Journal of Neuroscience; Vol 112(6) Jun 2002,
United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis; 2002, 705-739
Abstract/Review/Citation: Alteration in the isoprenoid metabolites--digoxin,
ubiquinone, and dolichol--have been reported in neuronal degeneration
(Parkinson's disease), oncogenesis (central nervous system glioma), functional
neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia and epilepsy), and immune-mediated
disorders (multiple sclerosis). The coexistence of these disorders has been
documented in literature and a central dysfunction related to digoxin and the
isoprenoid pathway may underlie all these disorders. A family with a high
prevalence of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, neoplasms, syndrome X,
rheumatoid arthritis, and epilepsy has been described. The psychological
 behavioral patterns of the family were: creativity and high IQ, hypersexual
behavior, reduced appetite and eating behavior, insomnia and reduced sleep
patterns, increased tendency for spirituality, increased tendency for
addiction, less bonding and affectionate behavior, and left handedness/right
hemispheric dominance. Hypothalamic digoxin can function as the master
conductor of the neuroimmunoendocrine orchestra and coordinate the functions
of various cellular organelles.
========================================

Title: Commentary by the editor.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Greening, Tom
Source/Citation: Journal of Humanistic Psychology; Vol 42(4) Fal 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 4-6
Abstract/Review/Citation: This brief commentary by the editor introduces each of
the articles in this issue and provides a brief summary. Topics include M.
Buber and dialogical psychotherapy, A. Maslow and relatedness, hope-healing
communities in Africa, Aum Shinrikyo and spiritual emergency, and an
assessment of humanistic, transpersonal, and spiritual constructs.
========================================

Title: Aum Shinrikyo and spiritual emergency.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kogo, Yoshiyuki
Source/Citation: Journal of Humanistic Psychology; Vol 42(4) Fal 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 82-101
Abstract/Review/Citation: Investigates the phenomenon of the dark night of the
soul and how it has developed into a serious spiritual emergency in Japan. For
Japanese people, social harmony has the highest priority, and they are  pressured to sacrifice their individuality to maintain that harmony. In
psychodynamic terms, they develop a strong group ego to compensate for their
vulnerable individual ego structure. When a Japanese person recognizes that
group ego is an unsatisfactory construct, he or she faces an existential
isolation of his or her vulnerable ego, Some cannot put up with the fear of
the dark night of the soul and look for an alternative group ego on which to
depend. They tend to embrace this new group ego as a way to resist fear from
deep unconscious realms. If this alternative group ego is not accepted by
mainstream society, it may become radicalized and even hostile to society. The
Aum Shinrikyo cult, which in 1994 and 1995 killed many people in poison gas
attacks, provides an extreme example of an alternative group ego. In this
article, the author explains the mechanism of how individuals came to embrace
a radical group ego by applying Washburn's developmental model to this
particular cult.
========================================

Title: A conversation about spirituality in marriage and family therapy:
Exploring the possibilities.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Carlson, Thomas D.; Erickson, Martin J.
Author Affiliation: Iowa State U, Marriage & Family Therapy Program, Ames,
IA, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 1-11
Abstract/Review/Citation: Presents an e-mail dialogue the authors had with each
other in regards to this special issue of  Journal of Family Psychotherapy 
(Vol 13[1-2], 2002) on religion and spirituality in marriage and family
therapy.
========================================

Title: Spirituality: The heart of therapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Aponte, Harry J.
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 13-27
Abstract/Review/Citation: Today's society speaks with conflicting voices about
values, morality, and faith-- in a word, about spirituality. Consequently,
therapists are having to consider with their clients the values and morality
upon which to base the therapy, and having to aid clients in utilizing their
belief systems and faith communities to help themselves. Spirituality is
treated here in terms that are inclusive, applying both to secular and
religious spirituality. The authors suggest three general ways in which
spirituality enhances the power of therapy. The first relates to making moral
choices the heart of issues clients present. The second involves assisting
clients in becoming emotionally and spiritually grounded. The third has to do
with including spiritually enriched resources among people's options for
solutions.
========================================

Title: Spirituality: Lives and relationships in family-therapy concepts and
practices.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Coffey, Adam D.
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 29-52
Abstract/Review/Citation: Scholarly literature continues to address spirituality
and family therapy. Yet, spirituality has not gained a foothold for many
researchers and, hence, has struggled to define itself in peer-reviewed
literature. As scholars learn more about recognizing spirituality and its
place in family therapy, perhaps results from this learning will honor
spirituality in humans' relationships and lives. Then researchers, educators,
and practitioners may add to their dialogue about how spirituality influences
what they do. Hopefully, this dialogue will lead to two things: (a) a
collective action that provides better service to readers of research,
students, and clients; and (b) a collective action that allows professionals
to better care for themselves.
========================================

Title: Coping with a child's death: Spiritual issues and therapeutic
implications.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Brotherson, Sean E.; Soderquist, Jean
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 53-86
Abstract/Review/Citation: This study focused on understanding spiritual issues
addressed in parental accounts of losing a child and the therapeutic
implications for helping professionals. Qualitative, in-depth interviews were
conducted with 19 parents (13 women and 6 men; aged 40-93 yrs) concerning
their experience with having a child die and its effect on their lives. The
parents' stories were recorded and the narratives were then explored to
develop a better understanding of spiritual themes and issues shared by
parents related to the loss of a child.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and meaning: A qualitative inquiry with caregivers of
Alzheimer's disease.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Smith, Angela L.; Harkness, Jennifer
Author Affiliation: East Carolina U, School of Human Environmental Sciences,
Dept of Child Development & Family Relations, Marriage & Family
Therapy Program, Greenville, NC, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 87-108
Abstract/Review/Citation: Alzheimer's disease has been described as a complex
chronic illness that is known to cause significant stress for its caregivers.
It has created dramatic role alterations in families, has increasingly more
biopsychosocial demands as it progresses, and often taxes caregivers to the
point of compromising their own health and well-being. This study used
qualitative analyses to explore the stories of Alzheimer's caregivers. Of the
45 caregivers interviewed (39 females; aged 46-over 75 yrs), all but 9 mention
an expression or significant event related to spirituality, whether religious
or secular in nature. Specifically, 12 caregivers described a negative
experience with their spiritual community, whereas twenty-four shared positive
encounters. Findings supported the incorporation of a
biopsychosocial-spiritual model of healthcare to optimize caregiver
well-being. Recommendations were given to assist family therapists in
including spiritual beliefs and faith communities in the design and delivery
of services.
========================================

Title: Clients' perceptions of marriage and family therapists addressing the
religious and spiritual aspects of clients' lives: A pilot study.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Erickson, Martin J.; Hecker, Lorna; Kirkpatrick, Dwight; Killmer, Mark; James, Edassery
Author Affiliation: Dept of Behavioral Sciences, Marriage & Family Therapy
Program, Hammond, IN, US Purdue U Calumet, Behavioral Sciences Dept, Hammond,
IN, US Samaritan Counseling Ctr, Munster, IN, US Purdue U Calumet, Behavioral
Sciences Dept, Hammond, IN, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 109-125
Abstract/Review/Citation: As marriage and family therapists are emphasizing the
actual contexts of clients' lives, religion and spirituality are being
addressed as important aspects of culture. This pilot study investigated
whether clients felt their therapist adequately addressed the religious and
spiritual aspects of their lives according to their desires for such. 38
clients (84% female; aged 17-73 yrs) who attended therapy at university
clinics were surveyed using a questionnaire about their own religiosity and
spirituality, about their preferences to have religion and spirituality
addressed, and whether they perceived their therapist addressed religion and
spirituality in the therapy process according to their desires. Results show
these family therapists did rather well at addressing the religious and
spiritual aspects of their clients' lives. Demographic correlations showed
that the gender of the client and whether the university clinic they attended
was affiliated with a religious denomination were each positively correlated
to whether the clients wanted religion and spirituality addressed and whether
their therapist adequately addressed these issues. Detailed limitations are
noted.
========================================

Title: The effect of spiritual beliefs and practices on family functioning: A
qualitative study.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bailey, C. Everett
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 127-144
Abstract/Review/Citation: A paucity of research exists on thick descriptions of
family functioning. Using in-depth semi-structured interviews, this paper
presents the case study of a family (father, aged 44 yrs; mother, aged 45 yrs;
and 6 children, aged 14-23 yrs) that has close, positive relationships. The
results reveal that the family's spiritual beliefs and practices are
delicately interwoven into every aspect of the family's life. These results
highlight the importance of professionals identifying and drawing on the
spirituality of family members as a source of strength and support for the
families they serve.
========================================

Title: A cultural trinity: Spirituality, religion and gender in clinical
practice.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kimball, L. Scott; Knudson-Martin, Carmen
Author Affiliation: Loma Linda U, Marriage & Family Therapy Program, Loma
Linda, CA, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 145-166
Abstract/Review/Citation: The authors present a framework for understanding the
intersections of spirituality, religion, and gender in mental health and
relationship problems, with special emphasis on gender equality. Clinicians
are encouraged to distinguish religion and spirituality and to engage with
clients at the spiritual level. Principles for practice that facilitate
differentiation from cultural constructions that promote and reinforce gender
inequality are proposed with case illustrations.
========================================

Title: Addressing spirituality in its clinical complexities: Its potential for
healing, its potential for harm.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Griffith, Melissa Elliott; Griffith, James L.
Author Affiliation: George Washington U Medical Ctr, Washington, DC, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 167-194
Abstract/Review/Citation: The decade of the 1990s brought increasing
acknowledgment by mental health clinicians of the importance of spirituality
in many clients' and patients' lives. This acknowledgment has opened therapy
to healing resources that spirituality can offer. However, it also means that
a clinician must address how spirituality can be expressed destructively. The
authors illustrate a clinical approach towards elucidating this complexity,
supporting healing roles for spirituality while countering harmful ones,
through the telling of one mother and 18-yr old son's journey in search of
treatment for a disabling psychiatric disorder. These clinical principles
characterize a collaborative, dialogical approach for engaging a person's
spiritual life in therapy, both its potential for healing and potential for harm.
========================================

Title: Recognizing and raising spritual and religious issues in therapy:
Guidelines for the timid.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Helmeke, Karen B.; Bischof, Gary H.
Author Affiliation: Western Michigan U, Dept of Counselor Education &
Counseling Psychology, Kalamazoo, MI, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy; Vol 13(1-2) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 195-214
Abstract/Review/Citation: Religious and spiritual experiences and practices
comprise some of the most important aspects of many people's lives. Yet, for
various reasons, mental health practitioners have been hesitant to bring these
issues into overt discussions in therapy. This article proposes a four-part
framework to assist therapists in addressing religion and spirituality in
therapy. The four areas include spiritual issues raised by either the client
or therapist, and religious issues raised by either the client or therapist.
Guidelines for therapeutic conversation and clinical examples are offered for
each of the four areas.
========================================

Title: Men in love:  Male homosexualities from Ganymede to Batman.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lingiardi, Vittorio
Source/Citation: Chicago, IL, US: Open Court Publishing Co; 2002, (xiii, 238)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Homosexualities, like heterosexualities, are many and
diverse, and the psychological type of 'the homosexual' does not exist. The
adventure of human sexuality takes one beyond the old polarities of biology or
psychoanalysis. Starting from the Greek myth of the rape of Ganymede and from
the idea of a joining of gay trajectories with the search for spiritual
experience, Vitorrio Lingiardi pursues centuries of myths, poems, and symbols.
The author explores homosexual behavior from an investigation of the actual
images he has found inform male homosexual emotion. The author's method is
like Jung's in using historical and cultural sources to establish the context
of the images that have spoken for, and to, the homosexual psyche.
Notes/Comments: Foreword [by] John Beebe Acknowledgments Translator's notes Introduction:  Ars Erotica  or  Scientia Sexualis? Part I. Zeus and his cupbearer Ganymede and Zeus Spiritual love and carnal love The hidden image Greybeard and the young angel Where eagles dare The fuehrer's eagle Winged feet Love pricks The sacred precincts of Sodom Conclusion Part II. Jung's demon "The great phallus" Love requires an object Mater Anima The love problem of the student Is anatomy destiny? The
androgyne Notes Bibliography Index male homosexualities; love; spiritual
experience; homosexual behavior; cultural sources; human sexuality; Greek
myth; popular culture; psychoanalytic interpretation
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy "separates'.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002, [np]
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides a list of "separates" for the
Journal of Family Psychotherpay, which refers to special issues simultaneously
published as a special journal issue or double-issue and as a
"separate" hardbound monograph.
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Editors.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002, [np]
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides the names of the various editors of the
Journal of Family Psychotherapy.
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: About the guest editors.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002, [np]
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides the names and affiliations of, as well as
other related information, the guest ediors of the Journal of Family
Psychotherapy, Vol 13(3-4).
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Preface.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Trepper, Terry S.
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
xvii-xviii
Abstract/Review/Citation: Introduces the special issue of the Journal of Family
Psychotherapy, entitled  Spirituality and family therapy: Part II. This
two-part volume as a whole covers the whole range of issues relating to
religion and spirituality and family therapy: (1) the relationship of
spirituality and family therapy theory; (2) research in spirituality, ethics
and spirituality; (3) training therapists in spirituality issues; and (4)
spiritual approaches to working with specific populations.
========================================

Title: The spiritualities of therapists' lives: Using therapists' spiritual
beliefs as a resource for relational ethics.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Carlson, Thomas D.; Erickson, Martin J.; Seewald-Marquardt, Angela
Author Affiliation: Anasazi Foundation, Mesa, AZ, US North Dakota State U,
Fargo, ND, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
215-236
Abstract/Review/Citation: The authors situate how the personal spiritual quests
of their lives have influenced their work as family therapists, particularly
influencing their chosen theories of change. They provide a definition of and
approach to spirituality that centers its ethical, moral, and deeply
relational nature, and propose that therapists' own spirituality can be a
beneficial resource in the relationships they build and foster with those who  consult them. Careful attention is given to how God calls us into
relationships with others. Narrative therapy and spirituality are both defined
as inherently relationalist practices and ways of being. Drawing on narrative
therapy ideas, the authors describe a four step process they have used to
explore therapists' spirituality in supervisory contexts specifically focusing
on the relational nature of their work, and illustrate this process by giving supervision dialogues from some of their experiences.
========================================

Title: Conversing and constructing spirituality in a postmodern training
context.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bava, Saliha; Burchard, Chuck; Ichihashi, Kayo; Irani, Avan; Zunker, Christina
Author Affiliation: Houston Galveston Inst, TX, US Houston Galveston Inst, TX,
US Houston Galveston Inst, TX, US Houston Galveston Inst, TX, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
237-258
Abstract/Review/Citation: Presents the authors' ideas on spirituality in the
course of the therapist training experience. The authors' intent for this
conversational style paper was to create dialogical space for multiple
meanings, and to honor each of their voices while inviting readers to reflect
on and juxtapose their own experiences. After explicating the writing style
and a brief positioning of themselves, the authors introduce their notions of
spirituality, followed by their tales of training within the postmodern
context of the Houston Galveston Institute. The conversation concludes with
reflective and analytical comments. The paper is a praxis of selected
postmodern practices, such as constructing local knowledge, critical
questioning of self and other, and reflexivity in conversation.
========================================

Title: Fathering, faith, and family therapy: Generative narrative therapy with
religious fathers.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Dollahite, David C.; Marks, Loren D.; Olson, Michael M.
Author Affiliation: Louisiana State U, Div of Family, Child, & Consumer
Sciences, LA, US U Texas Medical Branch, Dept of Family Medicine, Galveston,
TX, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
259-290
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article presents the major conceptual and
clinical ideas on fathering, religion, and counseling developed by David C.
Dollahite and his colleagues. The concepts of generative fathering and
generative narrative therapy are presented and illustrated with narratives of
religious fathers. These ideas address a number of issues believed important
to consider in family therapy with fathers-particularly religious fathers.
Concepts are illustrated with personal narratives from two samples of
Latter-day Saint (Mormon) fathers of children with special needs. Although the
narratives are non-clinical, implications for family therapy from these and
related theories and stories are suggested. The article emphasizes father
strengths, the power of religion to assist fathers in challenging
circumstances, and the importance of therapists' sensitivity to spiritual and
religious matters.
========================================

Title: The use of Christian meditation with religious couples: A collaborative
language systems perspective.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Blanton, P. Gregg
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
291-307
Abstract/Review/Citation: Even though Eastern forms of meditation have received
the most attention in clinical practice, Christian meditation may be a better
fit for some Christian couples. Couples may benefit from treatment when this
intervention is used within the context of H. Anderson's (1997) collaborative
theoretical perspective. In this paper, key concepts of Anderson's approach
are described and their compatibility with Christian meditation is examined.
Clinical applications of this integrated approach are discussed and
transcripts from a session are presented to illustrate its use.
========================================

Title: The treatment of anxiety disorders in devout Christian clients.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Killmer, J. Mark
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
309-327
Abstract/Review/Citation: Anxiety raises key spiritual concerns, such as
control, letting go, fear, trust, and priorities for devout Christian clients.
This article strives to increase the sensitivity of therapists to these
spiritual concerns. While clinical interventions emphasize the management of
anxiety, Christian spirituality points beyond mere coping with this disorder
to a freedom from it. A review of biblical insights draws the conclusion that
the spiritual antidote to anxiety is a radical trust rooted in an intimate
relationship with God. A model for intervention is presented for helping
devout Christian clients develop radical trust and intimate relationships
through spiritual resources and spiritual dialogue.
========================================

Title: Altar-making with Latino families: A narrative therapy perspective.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Bermudez, J. Maria; Bermudez, Stanley
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002,
329-347
Abstract/Review/Citation: This paper explores the uses of making altars in
family therapy. Offering artistic expression in the form of altar-making can
serve as a creative resource for clients, especially for many
Latinos/Hispanics familiar with Catholicism, altars, and/or folk healing
beliefs. Altar-making can have many uses. Specifically, altar-making can help
people explore spiritual themes in their lives, cope with bereavement and
grief, help clients remember their loved ones (M. White, 1997), memorialize
the living, unify families, help families and couples learn to work
collaboratively, and strengthen blended families. Suggestions for creating an
altar are discussed from a narrative therapy perspective. A case illustration
and an artist's perspective are also provided.
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Instructions for authors.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002, [np]
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides instructions for authors submitting
manuscripts to the Journal of Family Therapy.
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Publication agreement.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002, [np]
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides the publication agreement for the Journal of
Family Psychotherapy.
========================================

Title: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Journal ordering, copyright, and
document delivery information.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Special Issue: Spirituality
and family therapy: Part II.; Vol 13(3-4) 2002, US: Haworth Press; 2002, [np]
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides ordering, copyright, and document delivery
information for the Journal of Family Psychotherapy.
========================================

Title: Spirituality, ethics, and relationship in adulthood: Clinical and
theoretical explorations: Book review.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Miller, Melvin E.; West, Alan N.
Source/Citation: Psychoanalytic Psychology; Vol 19(2) Spr 2002, US: American
Psychological Assn/Educational Publishing Foundation; 2002, 398-402
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book, Melvin E. Miller and Alan N. West
(Eds.), Spirituality, Ethics, and Relationship in Adulthood: Clinical and
Theoretical Explorations. Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press, 2000, 413 pp.,
$62.50. Reviewed by Robert J. Lovinger.
========================================

Title: Breast cancer survivors give voice: A qualitative analysis of spiritual
factors in long-term adjustment.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gall, Terry Lynn; Cornblat, Mark W.
Author Affiliation: Saint Paul U, Faculty of Human Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Source/Citation: Psycho-Oncology; Vol 11(6) Nov-Dec 2002, US: John Wiley &
Sons; 2002, 524-535
Abstract/Review/Citation: As part of a cross-sectional, quantitative study on
adjustment factors in long-term breast cancer survival. 52 women (aged 39-70
yrs) were asked to write in their own words how religious and spiritual
factors played a part in their understanding of and coping with this illness.
A subsample of 39 women responded to this question. The qualitative method of
content analysis was used to define meaning units, descriptive categories and
themes from the data. Interpretation of themes in the data focused on the role
or function of spiritual/religious factors in long-term adjustment to breast
cancer. The majority of women discussed the positive role of various spiritual
resources in their response to the experience of cancer, including
relationship with God, religious coping activities (e.g. prayer), meaning and
social support. A cognitive model of adjustment was proposed which shows how
spiritual resources can help breast cancer survivors make meaning of and
experience a sense of life affirmation and personal growth in relation to the
cancer.
========================================

Title: Religion, spirituality, and spiritualism.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sigmund, Judith A.
Source/Citation: American Journal of Psychiatry; Vol 159(12) Dec 2002, US:
American Psychiatric Assn; 2002, 2117-2118
Abstract/Review/Citation: Comments on the book review of  Handbook of
Psychotherapy and Religious Diversity  by L. M. Lothstein. The present author
provides clarification of three terms Lothstein used in her review: religion,
spirituality, and spiritualism.
========================================

Title: Religion, spirituality, and existentialism near the end of life.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kaut, Kevin P.
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist; Vol 46(2) Oct 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 220-234
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses implications of religion and spirituality
for terminally ill individuals. Persons facing death due to terminal illness
experience diverse physical, emotional, and relationship challenges. Dying
persons have more than just physical needs; spiritual issues may feature
prominently as sources of intense struggle and comfort as people prepare to
die. The spiritual health of the dying may be as important as biological
condition when facing death. Nevertheless, the present health care
environment, with its emphasis on diagnostics and curative treatment, may llocate minimal attention and resources to the spiritual needs of the dying
and their families. The neglect of spiritual issues may contribute to
emotional, cognitive, and physical difficulties experienced at the end of
life. It is therefore essential to recognize spirituality within the
biomedical context of dying. This requires an appreciation for the
multifaceted nature of spirituality, coupled with an openness to individual
theology and an ability to integrate the spiritual dimension within a
biopsychosocial framework of assessment.
========================================

Title: Erfassung religioeser und spiritueller Einstellungen: Psychometrische
Ueberpruefung der deutschen Version des "Systems of Belief
Inventory" (SBI-15R-D) von Holland et al. in einer repraesentiven
bevoelkerungsstichprobe./ Religious and spiritual beliefs--Validation of the
German version of the "Systems of Belief Inventory" (SBI-15R-D) by
Holland et al. in a population-based sample.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Albani, Cornelia; Bailer, Harald; Balser, Gerd; Geyer, Michael; Brahler, Elmar; Grulke, Norbert
Author Affiliation: Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Abteilung fuer Psychotherapie und
Psychosomatische Medizin, Ulm, Germany Universitaetsklinikum Leipzig, Anstalt
oeffenlichen Rechts, Klinik fue Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin,
Leipzig, Germany Universitaetsklinikum Leipzig, Anstalt oeffenlichen Rechts,
Klinik fue Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin, Leipzig, Germany
Universitaetsklinikum Leipzig, Anstalt oeffenlichen Rechts, Selbstaendige
Abteilung fuer Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Leipzig,
Germany Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Abteilung fuer Psychotherapie und
Psychosomatische Medizin, Ulm, Germany
Source/Citation: Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie; Vol
52(7) Jul 2002, Germany: Georg Thieme Verlag; 2002, 306-313
Abstract/Review/Citation: Describes and validates the German version of the
Systems of Belief Inventory (SBI-15R-D) developed by J. C. Holland et al
(1998). The questionnaire was used in a representative sample of 954 Eastern
and 1,031 Western Germans (aged 14-95 yrs). The SBI met tests of internal
consistency and demonstrated discriminant validity. But the 2 factors of the
original version could not clearly be replicated. For the relevance of
religious beliefs, present results show that women score higher than men,
older subjects score higher than younger, persons with lower education score
higher than persons with higher education, Western Germans score higher than
Eastern Germans. Connections between the SBI-15R-D and self-evaluation as
being religious, and importance of faith during childhood give hints to the
instrument's validity. It is concluded that the SBI-15R-D can serve as a valid
and economic tool to explore the role of religious and spiritual beliefs.
========================================

Title: Patient attitudes concerning the inclusion of spirituality into addiction
treatment.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Arnold, Ruth M.; Avants, S. Kelly; Margolin, Arthur; Marcotte, David
Author Affiliation: Yale U, School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, Div of
Substance Abuse, New Haven, CT, US Yale U, School of Medicine, Dept of
Psychiatry, Div of Substance Abuse, New Haven, CT, US Yale U, School of
Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, Div of Substance Abuse, New Haven, CT, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment; Vol 23(4) Dec 2002, US:
Elsevier Science; 2002, 319-326
Abstract/Review/Citation: The purpose of this exploratory study was 3-fold: (a)
to determine how "spirituality' is defined by inner-city HIV-positive
drug users; (b) to determine perceived relationships between spirituality and
abstinence, harm reduction, and health promotion; and (c) to assess interest
in a spirituality-based intervention. Opioid-dependent patients enrolled in an
inner-city methadone maintenance program participated in the study; 21 (18 men
and 3 women; mean age 44.2 yrs) participated in focus groups and 47 completed
a questionnaire. In the focus groups, two predominant themes emerged:
spirituality as a source of strength/protection of self, and spirituality as a
source of altruism/protection of others. A large majority of the larger sample
expressed an interest in receiving spirituality-focused treatment, reporting
that such an intervention would be helpful for reducing craving and HIV risk
behavior, following medical recommendations, and increasing hopefulness.
African American women perceived spirituality as more helpful in their
recovery than did African American men.
========================================

Title: The tie that binds: Sadomasochism in female addicted trauma survivors.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Southern, Stephen
Source/Citation: Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: Special Issue: Women and
sexual addiction.; Vol 9(4) 2002, United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis; 2002,
209-229
Abstract/Review/Citation: Women who develop addictive disorders to survive life
trauma present a wide array of variant and perverse behaviors. This overview
of sadomasochism examines the life trauma syndrome and the survival functions
of addictions including self-injurious behavior, eating disorder, and sexual
addiction. The etiology of sadomasochism is found in object relations damaged
by neglect or abuse. Sadomasochistic dynamics function like brainwashing to
oppress women in a subordinate position. Survivors turn childhood tragedy into
triumph through sadomasochistic re-enactments of life trauma. An omnibus,
developmentally-based psychotherapy for treating the ego states of female
addicted trauma survivors included abstinence from addictive behaviors,
abreaction of unresolved trauma, information reprogramming or reprocessing of
trauma-related cognitive distortions, acquisition of nonaddictive affect
regulation and self-management skills, prevention of relapse, and enhancement
of capacity for intimacy, creativity, and spirituality. Case studies are
presented to explore the types of sadomasochism and state-dependent treatment
recommendations across five life domains.
========================================

Title: Interdisciplinary approaches to assisting with end-of-life care and
decision making.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Connor, Stephen R.; Egan, Kathleen A.; Kwilosz, Donna M.; Larson, Dale G.; Reese, Dona J.
Author Affiliation: Case Western Reserve U, U Hosps of Cleveland, Ireland Cancer
Ctr, Cleveland, OH, US Santa Clara U, Santa Clara, CA, US U Arkansas,
Fayetteville, AR, US
Source/Citation: American Behavioral Scientist; Vol 46(3) Nov 2002, US: Sage
Publications; 2002, 340-356
Abstract/Review/Citation: The importance of interdisciplinary care for patients
and families facing the end of life is examined. Descriptions of varying forms
of team functioning are provided with an emphasis on the characteristics of
high-functioning interdisciplinary teams. The value of empowering the patient
and family to direct the care they receive from their team is emphasized.
Interdisciplinary team interventions in end-of-life care focus on the
biopsychosocial and spiritual dimensions of human experience and facilitate
growth and development in the last phase of life. Despite its great promise
for improving patient care, the interdisciplinary model is not--with the
exception of hospice care--widely implemented in today's health care system.
Hospice care is discussed as a model for team functioning, illustrated with a
case example. The contributions of interdisciplinary teams to end-of-life care
can be enhanced through the development of interdisciplinary team training
 programs, the creation of payment structures that support the
interdisciplinary team model, and continuing research assessing the dynamics
of team functioning and the benefits that interdisciplinary team care provides
to patients and families near the end of life.
========================================

Title: The acceptability of a culturally-tailored depression education videotape
to African Americans.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Primm, Annelle B.; Cabot, Diane; Pettis, Jacquelyn; Vu, Hong Thi; Cooper, Lisa A.
Source/Citation: Journal of the National Medical Association; Vol 94(11) Nov
2002, US: National Medical Assn; 2002, 1007-1016
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined patient perceptions of an educational
videotape for African Americans with depression. 24 African Americans (aged
18-76 yrs) diagnosed with depression viewed the videotape, then participated
in focus groups and other discussions concerning its usefulness in
understanding depression and its treatment, its most and least effective
aspects, and its cultural appropriateness. Other collected data included
pre-and post-tests concerning depression attitudes. Results show that
depression attitudes improved in several areas following watching the
videotape, including the perception of depression as a medical illness, the
effectiveness of treatment, perceptions of antidepressant medication, and
reliance upon spirituality to heal depression. The videotape was generally
well received and was rated effective in improving knowledge about depression
and its treatment.
========================================

Title: A spectrum of consciousness for CEOs: A business application of Ken
Wilber's  Spectrum of Consciousness.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Young, John E.
Source/Citation: International Journal of Organizational Analysis; Vol 10(1)
2002, US: Center for Advance Studies in Management; 2002, 30-54
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the influence of varying levels of
consciousness on the problem solving effectiveness of chief executive officers
(CEOs). Specifically, the consciousness studies work of K. Wilber (e.g. 1985)
is applied to executive leadership. The author proposes that as CEOs move to
higher levels of consciousness, their problem solving capabilities become more
effective for their situational contexts. The argument set forth is CEOs at
higher levels of consciousness will be more effective problem solvers for
their organizations and experience greater levels of self-fulfillment than
CEOs operating at lower levels on the Spectrum of Consciousness.
========================================

Title: Development and implementation of a spiritual issues psychoeducational
group for those with serious mental illness.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Phillips, Russell E. 33; Lakin, Rebecca; Pargament, Kenneth I.
Author Affiliation: Bowling Green State U, Bowling Green, OH, US Bowling Green
State U, Bowling Green, OH, US
Source/Citation: Community Mental Health Journal; Vol 38(6) Dec 2002, US: Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002, 487-495
Abstract/Review/Citation: Notes that research has suggested that religion and
spirituality can be a resource or a burden for those with serious mental
illness (SMI). Investigators have begun to explore the nature and impact of
interventions that focus on spiritual issues in this population. This study
describes a program for people with SMI who are dealing with
spiritual/religious issues. The program was a 7-week semi-structured,
psychoeducational intervention in which 10 participants discussed religious
resources, spiritual struggles, forgiveness, and hope. This paper also reviews
participants' feedback about the group intervention. It was found that most
members spontaneously expressed that they wanted the group to continue.
Although most members felt they did not necessarily learn new information,
they enjoyed and appreciated the unique forum in which they could explore an
area that is often neglected in the mental health services setting.
Participants further reported that they liked hearing others' spiritual
beliefs and interests. They felt listened to in a nonjudgmental way and
experienced a sense of connection among themselves as well as the
facilitators. Suggestions are made that may add to the clinical utility of
this program in the future.
========================================

Title: Exceptional human experiences, disclosure, and a more inclusive view of
physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Palmer, Genie; Braud, William
Author Affiliation: Inst of Transpersonal Psychology, Palo Alto, CA, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology; Vol 34(1) 2002, US:
Journal of Transpersonal Psychology; 2002, 29-59
Abstract/Review/Citation: The nature, accompaniments, and life impacts of 5
types of exceptional human experiences (EHEs: mystical, psychic, unusual
death-related, encounter, and exceptional normal) were explored, using
correlational and qualitative analyses. An experimental design and
standardized assessments were used to explore possible beneficial outcomes of
working with and disclosing EHEs, individually or in psychoeducational groups.
70 subjects participated in the study. It was found that EHEs occurred
frequently, were perceived as meaningful and important, and their disclosure
was perceived as beneficial. Correlational results indicate that frequent and/or profound EHEs were positively and significantly related to high levels
of meaning and purpose in life, high levels of spirituality, "thin"
or permeable boundaries, and a tendency toward transformative life changes.
Disclosure was positively and significantly associated with meaning and
purpose in life, positive psychological attitudes and well-being, and reduced
stress-related symptoms. Qualitative analyses reveal that EHEs and their
disclosure were accompanied by themes of well-being, meaning, openness,
spirituality, need-satisfaction, and transformative change.
========================================

Title: Meet the researcher II.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Menon, Sangeetha
Source/Citation: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology; Vol 34(1) 2002, US:
Journal of Transpersonal Psychology; 2002, 67-71
Abstract/Review/Citation: Provides a description of the career and work of
researcher Sangeetha Menon. Her research focuses on consciousness, philosophy,
psychology, and spiritual living.
========================================

Title: Holistic health care for native women: An integrated model.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Napoli, Maria
Source/Citation: American Journal of Public Health; Vol 92(10) Oct 2002, US:
American Public Health Assn; 2002, 1573-1575
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses an integrated holistic health care model for
Native American females. Providing health care services to this population has
become a challenge because of the severity of their illnesses, particularly
diabetes, alcoholism, and arthritis. An integrated health care model offers
Native females an opportunity to deal with the challenge of mental health and
health issues through traditional activities such as gathering together. Such
activities enhance their physical and spiritual health while creating an
atmosphere of empowerment and mutual support. The case of a group of females
attending natural mineral baths shows the value of integrated therapy
experiences.
========================================

Title: Use of alternative health care practices by persons with serious mental
illness: Perceived benefits.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Russinova, Zlatka; Wewiorski, Nancy J.; Cash, Dane
Author Affiliation: Boston U, Sargent Coll of Health & Rehabilitation
Sciences, Ctr for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston, MA, US Boston U, Ctr for
Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston, MA, US
Source/Citation: American Journal of Public Health; Vol 92(10) Oct 2002, US:
American Public Health Assn; 2002, 1600-1603
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined the perceived benefits of alternative health
care practices by individuals with serious mental illness. 157 individuals
(mean age 46.6 yrs) with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, or
depressive disorder who reported mental health benefits from alternative
health care practices completed surveys concerning the benefits of alternative
practice. Results show that some subjects (Ss) seemed to benefit from a
variety of alternative practices, including body-manipulation modalities such
as massage and chiropractic. More frequently used practices included
meditation, massage, yoga, and guided imagery. Religious or spiritual
activities such as prayer, worship attendance, and religious or spiritual
reading were commonly practiced and reported as beneficial. Alternative
practices promoted the recovery process beyond the management of emotional and
cognitive impairment by also enhancing social interaction, spirituality, and
self-functioning.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and addiction recovery for rehabilitation counseling.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Sherman, Jo; Fischer, Jerome M.
Source/Citation: Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling; Vol 33(4) Win
2002, US: NRCA; 2002, 27-31
Abstract/Review/Citation: Spirituality can be experienced as appreciating the
totality of life through fellowship with others, reflecting on the meaning of
all aspects of our experience, and viewing our existence from a vantage point
outside everyday happenings. The purpose of this study was to determine
whether a relationship exists between spirituality, modality of recovery of
people with chemical addictions, and length of abstinence from chemicals. The
Spirituality in Recovery Questionnaire (SRQ) was used to gather data from 81
respondents (mean age 37.3 yrs) in a Northwest community in 3 modalities of
recovery: outpatient treatment with a spiritual program, residential treatment
with a spiritual program, and outpatient treatment without a spiritual
program. A 2 * 3 factorial analysis-of-variance analyzed the data obtained
from the SRQ. Results determined that people more than 9 mo in recovery from
chemical dependency had significantly higher scores on the SRQ. This study
suggests that people with chemical addictions can enhance their spirituality
through abstinence.
========================================

Title: Investigating the value of spiritual well-being and psychosocial
development in mitigating senior adulthood depression.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Hughes, Deanna E.; Peake, Thomas H.
Author Affiliation: Florida Inst of Technology, Clinical Psychology Program,
Melbourne, FL, US
Source/Citation: Activities, Adaptation & Aging; Vol 26(3) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 15-35
Abstract/Review/Citation: Spirituality can facilitate healthy aging by providing
senior adults with a sense of meaning, purpose, and self-integration. This
study investigated the relationships between older adults' spiritual
well-being, personality development according to Erikson's model (i.e.,
successful resolution of Erikson's final 2 stages of psychosocial
development), and level of depression. Participants included 78 senior adults
aged 65+ yrs. Results support the following hypotheses: (1) it was predicted
that significant positive relationships exist among aging adults' degree of
resolution of generativity vs stagnation and spiritual well-being, and degree
of integrity vs despair and spiritual well-being; (2) it was anticipated that
the degree of resolution of integrity vs despair would be positively
associated with high levels of religious and existential well-being; (3) a
significant inverse relationship was predicted among depressive symptomatology
and spiritual well-being. Results confirm the hypothesis that spiritual
well-being and personality development were predictive of depression; thus,
older adults' level of spiritual well-being, specifically existential
well-being, and their degree of resolution of the psychosocial crisis,
integrity vs despair, mitigated seniors' depression level.
========================================

Title: Separation, attachment, and altruistic love: The evolutionary basis for
medical caring.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Fricchione, Gregory L.
Source/Citation: Altruism & altruistic love:  Science, philosophy, &
religion in dialogue., London: Oxford University Press; 2002, (xvi, 500),
346-361
Source editor(s): Post, Stephen G. (Ed); Underwood, Lynn G. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Contends that medical caring as a vocation has
traditionally relied on altruistic love as a guiding principle. This chapter
reviews the evidence establishing what might be called the
separation-attachment dialectical process as a common referent in the human
experience of illness, why this common referent resonates in the particular
human brain that has evolved, and how it gives birth to the human spiritual
imperative. It is argued that it is this spiritual imperative that becomes the
etiology of altruistic love and authentic healing.
========================================

Title: Counseling problem gamblers: A self-regulation manual for individual and
family therapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Ciarrocchi, Joseph W.
Source/Citation: Family Therapy; Vol 29(3) 2002, US: Libra Publishers; 2002, 183
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book: Joseph W. Ciarrocchi. Counseling
Problem Gamblers: A Self-Regulation Manual for Individual and Family Therapy.
San Diego: Academic Press, 2002, 340 PP. The following abstract is provided.
Problem gambling is on the increase, with devastating effects on family
finances and relationships. Counseling Problem Gamblers pulls together
clinical wisdom and research findings into a treatment package aimed at
developing the component skills for successful recovery. It makes available,
with instructions, the most well regarded assessment instruments for
identifying gambling problems and discusses how they relate to DSM diagnosis.
It covers a wide range of issues related to problem gambling and those
affected by it. Among the features of the book are: step-by-step treatment
plans; diagnostic instruments developed by the author; focus on specific
cultural concerns, with clinical applications for women, minorities, and
religiously committed persons; integration of spirituality in treatment; and
coping strategies for family members.
========================================

Title: The invisible alliance: Psyche and spirit in feminist therapy.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Kaschak, Ellyn
Source/Citation: Family Therapy; Vol 29(3) 2002, US: Libra Publishers; 2002, 189
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book: Ellyn Kaschak (Ed.) The Invisible
Alliance: Psyche and Spirit in Feminist Therapy. New York: The Haworth Press,
2002, 217 pp. The following abstract is provided. The Invisible Alliance
presents a comprehensive review of multiculturalism and its relationship with
feminism and spirituality and explores: ways to incorporate Jewish principles
and beliefs into feminist therapy; the application of religious sources of
passion and perspective to parenting and working with children; ways to
combine Christian and Wiccan philosophies in therapy; a provocative approach
for integrating Christian biblical teachings into feminist therapy for
survivors of sexual abuse; ways that Buddhist ideas can enrich the
understanding of the self and identity; a case study of ancient healing
traditions used by Latinas; criteria for therapists to use in deciding whether
to work with clients dealing with spiritual/religious issues or refer them to
someone more appropriate; and a way to use the power of ritual to heal and
give more meaning to important life transitions.
========================================

Title: Meaning-centered marital and family therapy: Leaning to bear the beams of
love.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Lantz, Jim
Source/Citation: Family Therapy; Vol 29(3) 2002, US: Libra Publishers; 2002, 190
Abstract/Review/Citation: Review of book: Jim Lantz (Au.) Meaning-Centered
Marital and Family Therapy: Learning to Bear the Beams of Love. Springfield,
IL: Charles C Thomas Publisher, 2000, 166 pp. The following abstract is
provided. The purpose of this book is to present a meaning-centered approach
to psychotherapy with couples and families that is based upon an understanding
of the real and deep human difficulties that are always a part of a loving and
intimate marital and family life. The book is divided into two parts:
Treatment Concepts and Practice Illustrations. In Part 1, family functioning
and treatment elements and dynamics are explored. There are chapters that
examine the use of art, poetry, recollection, and spirituality and how the
therapist can use these processes to facilitate awareness and understanding
with couples and families seeking help. There is also a chapter on the use of
a cotherapist, with its attendant advantages and disadvantages in marital and
family therapy. Part 2 presents two case examples of troubled families in
search of solutions. The Appendices contain examples of tools the therapist
can use in serving clients....
========================================

Title: Profound sexual and spiritual encounters among practicing Christians: A
phenomenological analysis.
Author(s)/Editor(s): MacKnee, Chuck M.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Integrative perspectives on human sexuality with practical applications, part
II.; Vol 30(3) Fal 2002, US: Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 234-244
Abstract/Review/Citation: Existential-phenomenological methodology explored the
meaning and experience of profound sexual and spiritual encounters described
by 5 men and 5 women (all aged 36-65 yrs) who were practicing Christians.
Participants had experienced a profound event in which sexual and spiritual
connection had occurred, an event in which sexual arousal and orgasm was
simultaneously experienced with the presence of God. Participants were
interviewed and asked to describe their encounter and its aftereffects.
Through qualitative analysis of these mysterious experiences, 11 common themes
that portrayed the wonder, euphoria, bonding, arousal, transcendence,
blessing, and sacredness of these peak events emerged. God's presence during
sexual intimacy enabled the body, soul, and spirit to celebrate ecstatic union
collectively in elevated responsiveness. In addition, the aftereffects of
linking sexual and spiritual dimensions for the contributors were revealed as
seven transforming, empowering, and affirming themes. Results provide a valid
basis for a previously undisclosed phenomenon as well as inform Christian
educators, pastors, counselors, and practitioners regarding the potential of
biblical "one flesh" connection.
========================================

Title: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Journal file.
Author(s)/Editor(s): No authorship indicated
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Integrative perspectives on human sexuality with practical applications, part
II.; Vol 30(3) Fal 2002, US: Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 245-248
Abstract/Review/Citation: Summarizes 5 articles in various psychological and
theological journals, concentrating on the topics of sexuality, sexual
behavior, and spirituality.
========================================

Title: Select physical activity determinants in independent-living elderly.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Guinn, Bobby; Vincent, Vern
Author Affiliation: U Texas-Pan Amereican, Dept of CIS & Quantitative
Methods, Edinburg, TX, US
Source/Citation: Activities, Adaptation & Aging; Vol 26(4) 2002, US: Haworth
Press; 2002, 17-26
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined, among a well-defined independent-living
segment of the elderly, the relationship of health status, spirituality,
leisure satisfaction, and educational attainment to regular physical activity
involvement. 244 subjects (82 males and 162 females; aged 60-81 yrs) were
drawn from a popular retirement area and data were gathered through a
self-report survey instrument. Discriminant analysis revealed that a higher
level of education, religious well-being, and perceived health distinguished
regular physical activity participants from non-regular. Results suggest
interventions designed to promote physical activity among high-functioning
elderly focus on educational strategies emphasizing the health benefits of
exercise with the inclusion of spiritual wellness aspects.
========================================

Title: Themes of continuity and change in the spiritual reminiscence of elder
Catholic women religious.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Melia, Susan Perschbacher
Source/Citation: Critical advances in reminiscence work:  From theory to
application., New York, NY, US: Springer Publishing Co; 2002, (xix, 370),
183-196
Source editor(s): Webster, Jeffrey Dean (Ed); Haight, Barbara K. (Ed)
Abstract/Review/Citation: Examined the nature and function of prayer in the
lives of 26 elder Catholic women religious (aged 70-98 yrs). The women
responded to open-ended questions about their prayer life. The data were
examined 2 different ways: (1) the individual prayer stories of each woman in
their entirety, and (2) on a question by question basis, looking at how the
women collectively responded to individual questions. The women spontaneously
engaged in spiritual reminiscence, connecting their prayer lives in the
present to their prayer stories and faith practices as children and their
vocational lives. Three cases are presented to demonstrate unique individual
motifs as well as the subthemes that were interwoven throughout their
reminiscence into the present. Analyzed as a group, responses from the women
demonstrated that there were subthemes within the encompassing theme of faith:
prayer as relationship and conversation with a loving God, prayer as
contribution to others, individual prayer routine incorporating devotions to
saints and scripture, changing of prayer with age, and the working of the Holy
Spirit within. It was found that these subthemes had elements of both
continuity and change.
========================================

Title: Religious and spiritual problem V-code: An Adlerian assessment.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Mansager, Erik
Source/Citation: Journal of Individual Psychology; Vol 58(4) Win 2002, US: Univ
of Texas Press; 2002, 374-387
Abstract/Review/Citation: The author considers the adequacy and clinical
usefulness of the  DSM-IV  V-code, "religious and spiritual
problems," and how Individual Psychologists might use it. The author
first situates the code within its developmental context and provides a brief
description of problems that can be classified in this area, differentiating
them from commonly mistaken psychological problems. He then reviews the
literature that stresses the importance of therapists' incorporating some
level of religious and spiritual understanding of their clients into
therapeutic practice. The author identifies Adler's construct of 
Gemeinschaftsgefuehl  as the norm by which the general health of the client
can be determined. Based on this norm, specific criteria are presented for
helping determine the general health of one's religious or spiritual movement.
The author concludes with special attention paid to a practical application of
these criteria to aspects of client spirituality.
========================================

Title: African-American spirituality: A concept analysis.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Newlin, Kelley; Knafl, Kathleen; Melkus, Gail D'Eramo
Author Affiliation: Yale U, School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, US Yale U, School
of Nursing, New Haven, CT, US
Source/Citation: Advances in Nursing Science; Vol 25(2) Dec 2002, US: Aspen
Publishers; 2002, 57-70
Abstract/Review/Citation: Discusses the concept of African-American
spirituality. 20 qualitative and quantitative studies from the fields of
nursing, psychology, and sociology were analyzed to identify key terms or
phrases describing the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of
African-American spirituality. Results show that African-American spirituality
is multidimensional, involving quintessential, internal, external, consoling,
and transformative attributive dimensions. Findings suggest that defining
attributes of African-American spirituality are both global and culturally
prominent. Culturally competent health care for African Americans requires
sensitivity to the spirituality component of their culture.
========================================

Title: Spirituality and complex partial epileptic-like signs.
Author(s)/Editor(s): MacDonald, Douglas A.; Holland, Daniel
Author Affiliation: U of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, US
Source/Citation: Psychological Reports; Vol 91(3,Pt1) Dec 2002, US:
Psychological Reports; 2002, 785-792
Abstract/Review/Citation: Using a sample of 262 undergraduate volunteers (aged
17-48 yrs), correlational and regressional analyses were completed to examine
the relation of self-reported complex partial epileptic-like signs to a
five-dimensional model of spirituality assessed by the Expressions of
Spirituality Inventory (ESI). Analyses show that spirituality is significantly  predictive of Complex Partial Epileptic-like Signs. Scores from subscales
Paranormal Beliefs, Experiential/Phenomenological Dimension, and Existential  Well-being uniquely accounted for significant portions of Complex Partial
Epileptic-like Signs variance. ESI Cognitive Orientation Toward Spirituality
significantly correlated with Complex Partial Epileptic-like Signs but it was
not a significant predictor in regression analyses. ESI Religiousness was
unrelated to Complex Partial Epileptic-like Signs in all analyses. This
pattern of relations remained largely the same when participants' age, sex,
and reported religious involvement were controlled. The paper includes a
discussion of the meaning of the findings and suggestions for research.
========================================

Title: Introduction to special issue on spiritual direction, part one.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Moon, Gary W.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 261-263
Abstract/Review/Citation: Introduces the special issue of the Journal of
Psychology & Theology, which is entitled Psychotherapy and Spiritual
Direction, Part 1. Noting recent literature on integrating religion and
spirituality into professional practice, this special issue is devoted to
examining the ancient and modern practice of spiritual direction and the
implications for mental health professionals. Equally weighted with this
vision is the desire to promote dialogue among those interested in the process
of authentic spiritual change and transformation. The majority of the special
issue is devoted to the voices of 7 different pastors, priests, or theologians
who describe the history and process of spiritual direction within their
specific Christian denomination/faith group (including Orthodox, Catholic,
Episcopal, Reformed, Holiness, Social Justice, and Charismatic). Each
contributor addresses the same 8 items related to spirituality and
psychotherapy from their own faith perspective.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction: Meaning, purpose, and implications for mental health
professionals.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Moon, Gary W.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 264-275
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article introduces the first of two special
issues on spiritual direction and mental health. Attention is given to
providing a broad understanding of the meaning, purpose, and scope of
spiritual direction, and discussing factors concerning resistance to spiritual
transformation. It then explores: the diversity of roles assumed by spiritual
guides and directors; contemporary contrasts between spiritual direction and
psychotherapy; and critical issues concerning the integration of spiritual
concepts and practices into the process of counseling and psychotherapy. It is
asserted that the present climate of increased dialogue between soul care
practitioners provides unprecedented opportunity for the enhancement of
understanding concerning the process of spiritual transformation and its
implications for the mission of both church and clinic.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction in the Orthodox Christian tradition.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Rogers, F. Gregory
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 276-289
Abstract/Review/Citation: This essay examines the practice of spiritual
direction in the Orthodox Christian tradition. Spiritual direction is first
defined as leading the believer to the knowledge of God. A historical sketch
of the practice of direction is followed by an outline of the process of
spiritual transformation as seen in the Orthodox tradition. The role of the
Orthodox spiritual director is analyzed along with the duties of the disciple.
An analysis of the indicators of spiritual maturity notes the importance of
the attainment of dispassion and the development of virtue. Conventional
psychotherapeutic methods are compared with Orthodox spiritual direction,
noting circumstances under which the Orthodox spiritual director would make a
referral to a mental health professional.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction in the Roman Catholic tradition.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Barrette, Gene
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 290-302
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article presents the practice of spiritual
direction in the Roman Catholic tradition. Specific attention is given to:
definition and description of spiritual direction, scriptural roots, Roman
Catholic specificity, practice in the early Church and association with the
beginning of Monasticism, and the impact of Vatican II. The development of
different forms of spiritual direction is presented within the context of the
variety of theological, philosophical, cultural, and historical biases evident
throughout church history. The process of authentic spiritual transformation
and the role of the spiritual director plays are described--both as it was
understood historically and in terms of the present practice. Contrasts
between spiritual direction and traditional psychotherapy are proposed.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction in the Episcopal Church.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Temple, Gray JR
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 303-313
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article briefly traces the definition, history,
and current typical practices of spiritual direction in the Episcopal Church
(and, by extension, the Anglican Communion). An understanding is presented of
the transformation process as an alliance against the client's shame. The
on-going discussion between "directors" and "spiritual
companions" as different approaches to power relations with spiritual
direction is summarized. Characteristics by which Episcopalians gauge
spiritual maturity are described. Difficulties in exactly distinguishing
spiritual direction from conventional psychotherapy are described in view of
the latter's fluidity in practice. Attention is focused on the triggers that
alert the director to the need for the other discipline. Also, two books
representing different currents within the mainstream are recommended.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction in the reformed tradition.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Whitlock, Luder G. JR
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 314-322
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article calls attention to the absence of
spiritual directors in the Reformed tradition, describing how spiritual
guidance or counsel was provided historically as well as noting current
practice. From a definition of the practice in the Reformed tradition, it
proceeds to describe the role of spiritual guides or companions. A description
of the nature and process of spiritual transformation is provided, including
the principal characteristics of spiritual maturity. Spiritual direction is
distinguished from psychotherapy, and occasions for referral are recognized.
Books representing different facets of this subject are recommended.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction in the Wesleyan-Holiness movement.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tracy, Wesley D.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 323-335
Abstract/Review/Citation: Though the term "spiritual direction" is not
a common part of the vocabulary of the Wesleyan-Holiness people, the goals of
spiritual direction form the core of their spiritual quest. Avoiding
"direction" for fear of spiritual abuse, the Wesleyan-Holiness
people seek to help each other toward Christian perfection by way of
face-to-face groups, spiritual companioning, family worship, covenant groups,
and faith mentoring. These specific structures and practices, along with
observance of the personal spiritual disciplines and the disciplines of
service, are primarily rooted in the heritage of the Wesleyan revival in
18th-century England and secondarily in the American Holiness Movement of the
19th century. Indirect indicators associated with spiritual maturity are
described and comparisons between psychotherapy and spiritual guidance are
made.
========================================

Title: A living stream: Spiritual direction within the Pentecostal/Charismatic
tradition.
Author(s)/Editor(s): McMahan, Oliver
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 336-345
Abstract/Review/Citation: Charismatics and Pentecostals have a relatively brief
history and tradition. In the short span of just over one hundred years for
Pentecostals and fifty years or less for Charismatics, there are a number of
characteristics that have emerged. Charismatics and Pentecostals have sought
renewal but may, in their desire to return to their initial spiritual
experiences of believing and Spirit Baptism, have missed more opportunities
for reflection. Their spiritual directors have been diverse but close to the
community of believers. The closeness of the community has seemed like a
family as much as a spirutal movement. The implications of the
Petecostal/Charismatic spiritual pursuit, the history of spiritual directors,
and methods of spiritual direction are explored in this article with
recommendations for further investigation and reflection. Contrasts and
similarities with traditional psychotherapy are also explored.
========================================

Title: Spiritual direction, social justice, and the United Church of Christ.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Gladson, Jerry A.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 346-354
Abstract/Review/Citation: How may spiritual formation, with its emphasis upon
the individual, spiritual direction, and its shaping of spiritual life, and
the ministry of social justice, with it stress upon the community, be balanced
in a religious tradition? This article examines the United Church of Christ as
an example of a social justice tradition within Protestant Christianity, with
special interest in how it combines spiritual formation, spiritual direction,
and social justice. Although during the first decades of its existence, the
United Church of Christ seemed more interested in social justice, ostensibly
to the diminishing of more spiritual concerns, during the 1990s the church
began to develop greater interest in spirituality. At present, the
denomination is starting to try to link spirituality, spiritual formation, and
spiritual direction with social justice ministries. The history of the
practice of spiritual direction, the "process" of authentic
transformation, role of the spiritual director, and indicators of mature
spirituality are discussed. Spiritual direction in the United Church of Christ
is compared and contrasted to traditional psychotherapy, and note is made of
conditions where spiritual directors would make a referral to a mental health
worker.
========================================

Title: Nurturing spiritual growth.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Benner, David G.
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: Special Issue:
Psychotherapy and spiritual direction, part I.; Vol 30(4) Win 2002, US:
Rosemead School of Psychology; 2002, 355-361
Abstract/Review/Citation: This article is a response to previous articles by F.
G. Rogers, G. Barrette, G. Temple, L. G. Whitlock Jr., W. D. Tracy, O.
McMahan, and J. A. Gladson in the special issue, "Psychotherapy and Spiritual
Direction, part I" of the Journal of Psychology & Theology. This
article begins by reflecting on the recent rise of interest in spirituality in
society and the mental health professions and then examines the diversity of
ways of understanding and practicing spiritual direction. It also discusses
the opportunities for an enhanced understanding of spiritual transformation
that this diversity provides, and investigates the overlapping and permeable
nature of the boundaries between spiritual direction and other relationships
of soul care. The author discusses some of the commonalities and differences
between spiritual direction and psychotherapy. The article concludes with some
observations about the future.
========================================

Title: Reflecting God.
Author(s)/Editor(s): Tracy, Wesley D.; Cockerill, Gareth L.; Demaray, Daniel E.; Harper, Steven
Author Affiliation: Asbury Theological Seminary, Wilmore, KY, US Asbury
Theological Seminary, Florida Campus, Winter Springs, FL, US
Source/Citation: Journal of Psychology & Theology: